SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and its clinical implications: An integrative overview of the pharmacotherapeutic management of COVID-19
Common manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory and can extend from mild symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress. The severity of the illness can also extend from mild disease to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection can also affect the gastrointes...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Food and chemical toxicology 2020-12, Vol.146, p.111769-111769, Article 111769 |
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| creator | Tsatsakis, Aristides Calina, Daniela Falzone, Luca Petrakis, Dimitrios Mitrut, Radu Siokas, Vasileios Pennisi, Manuela Lanza, Giuseppe Libra, Massimo Doukas, Sotirios G. Doukas, Panagiotis G. Kavali, Leena Bukhari, Amar Gadiparthi, Chiranjeevi Vageli, Dimitra P. Kofteridis, Diamantis P. Spandidos, Demetrios A. Paoliello, Monica M.B. Aschner, Michael Docea, Anca Oana |
| description | Common manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory and can extend from mild symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress. The severity of the illness can also extend from mild disease to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreatic functions, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can cause central and peripheral neurological manifestations, affect the cardiovascular system and promote renal dysfunction. Epidemiological data have indicated that cancer patients are at a higher risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Considering the multitude of clinical symptoms of COVID-19, the objective of the present review was to summarize their pathophysiology in previously healthy patients, as well as in those with comorbidities. The present review summarizes the current, though admittedly fluid knowledge on the pathophysiology and symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Although unclear issues still remain, the present study contributes to a more complete understanding of the disease, and may drive the direction of new research. The recognition of the severity of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 is crucial for the specific therapeutic management of affected patients.
[Display omitted]
•Respiratory system is the main target of SARS-CoV-2.•SARS-CoV-2 infection can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreatic functions.•SARS-CoV-2 can cause central and peripheral neurological manifestations.•SARS-CoV-2 can affect the cardiovascular system and promote renal dysfunction.•Cancer patients are at a higher risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111769 |
| format | Article |
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[Display omitted]
•Respiratory system is the main target of SARS-CoV-2.•SARS-CoV-2 infection can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreatic functions.•SARS-CoV-2 can cause central and peripheral neurological manifestations.•SARS-CoV-2 can affect the cardiovascular system and promote renal dysfunction.•Cancer patients are at a higher risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-6915</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1873-6351</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6351</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111769</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32979398</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Cancer ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - virology ; Cardiovascular system ; Clinical signs ; Comorbidity ; COVID-19 - complications ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - physiopathology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19 pandemic ; Digestive System Diseases - etiology ; Digestive System Diseases - physiopathology ; Digestive System Diseases - virology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal system ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases - etiology ; Kidney Diseases - physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases - virology ; Lung Diseases - etiology ; Lung Diseases - physiopathology ; Lung Diseases - virology ; Male ; Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Nervous System Diseases - etiology ; Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology ; Nervous System Diseases - virology ; Neurological system ; Pandemics ; Pulmonary system ; SARS-C0V-2 ; SARS-CoV-2</subject><ispartof>Food and chemical toxicology, 2020-12, Vol.146, p.111769-111769, Article 111769</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2020 Elsevier Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-23d8eb3d452a7058c5a7ca5f7cb5432dda17bbbf2698398e67cb7ab42eb0f5c23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-23d8eb3d452a7058c5a7ca5f7cb5432dda17bbbf2698398e67cb7ab42eb0f5c23</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2207-6519 ; 0000-0002-9852-5790 ; 0000-0002-1840-659X ; 0000-0002-8905-6742 ; 0000-0002-8162-5955 ; 0000-0002-5659-662X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111769$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979398$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tsatsakis, Aristides</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calina, Daniela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falzone, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrakis, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitrut, Radu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siokas, Vasileios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pennisi, Manuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lanza, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Libra, Massimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doukas, Sotirios G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doukas, Panagiotis G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kavali, Leena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bukhari, Amar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gadiparthi, Chiranjeevi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vageli, Dimitra P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kofteridis, Diamantis P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spandidos, Demetrios A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paoliello, Monica M.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aschner, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Docea, Anca Oana</creatorcontrib><title>SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and its clinical implications: An integrative overview of the pharmacotherapeutic management of COVID-19</title><title>Food and chemical toxicology</title><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><description>Common manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory and can extend from mild symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress. The severity of the illness can also extend from mild disease to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreatic functions, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can cause central and peripheral neurological manifestations, affect the cardiovascular system and promote renal dysfunction. Epidemiological data have indicated that cancer patients are at a higher risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Considering the multitude of clinical symptoms of COVID-19, the objective of the present review was to summarize their pathophysiology in previously healthy patients, as well as in those with comorbidities. The present review summarizes the current, though admittedly fluid knowledge on the pathophysiology and symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Although unclear issues still remain, the present study contributes to a more complete understanding of the disease, and may drive the direction of new research. The recognition of the severity of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 is crucial for the specific therapeutic management of affected patients.
[Display omitted]
•Respiratory system is the main target of SARS-CoV-2.•SARS-CoV-2 infection can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreatic functions.•SARS-CoV-2 can cause central and peripheral neurological manifestations.•SARS-CoV-2 can affect the cardiovascular system and promote renal dysfunction.•Cancer patients are at a higher risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus.</description><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - virology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular system</subject><subject>Clinical signs</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>COVID-19 - complications</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - physiopathology</subject><subject>COVID-19 Drug Treatment</subject><subject>COVID-19 pandemic</subject><subject>Digestive System Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Digestive System Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Digestive System Diseases - virology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal system</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kidney Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Kidney Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Kidney Diseases - virology</subject><subject>Lung Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Lung Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Lung Diseases - virology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Nervous System Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Nervous System Diseases - virology</subject><subject>Neurological system</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pulmonary system</subject><subject>SARS-C0V-2</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><issn>0278-6915</issn><issn>1873-6351</issn><issn>1873-6351</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU2P0zAQhi0EYkvhB3BBPnJJ1x9xnICEVBVYVlppJRb2ajnOpHGV2MF2i3rmj-OqywounDz2PPPOeF6EXlOyooRWl7tVb9KKEZbvlMqqeYIWtJa8qLigT9GCMFkXVUPFBXoR444QIjP1HF1w1siGN_UC_bpbf70rNv6-YHjWafDzcIzWj357xNp12KaIzWidNXrEdprHHCTrXXyH1w5bl2Ab8sMBsD9AOFj4iX2P0wB4HnSYtPE5DnqGfbIGT9rpLUzg0ona3N5ffyxo8xI96_UY4dXDuUTfP3_6tvlS3NxeXW_WN4UpBU0F410NLe9KwbQkojZCS6NFL00rSs66TlPZtm3PqqbOf4MqJ6RuSwYt6YVhfIk-nHXnfTtBZ_IYQY9qDnbS4ai8turfjLOD2vqDkjXnUpAs8PZBIPgfe4hJTTYaGEftwO-jYmVZVbJhGV8iekZN8DEG6B_bUKJO5qmdyuapk3nqbF6uefP3fI8Vf9zKwPszAHlLeddBRWPBGehsgCzWefsf-d8rPq1p</recordid><startdate>20201201</startdate><enddate>20201201</enddate><creator>Tsatsakis, Aristides</creator><creator>Calina, Daniela</creator><creator>Falzone, Luca</creator><creator>Petrakis, Dimitrios</creator><creator>Mitrut, Radu</creator><creator>Siokas, Vasileios</creator><creator>Pennisi, Manuela</creator><creator>Lanza, Giuseppe</creator><creator>Libra, Massimo</creator><creator>Doukas, Sotirios G.</creator><creator>Doukas, Panagiotis G.</creator><creator>Kavali, Leena</creator><creator>Bukhari, Amar</creator><creator>Gadiparthi, Chiranjeevi</creator><creator>Vageli, Dimitra P.</creator><creator>Kofteridis, Diamantis P.</creator><creator>Spandidos, Demetrios A.</creator><creator>Paoliello, Monica M.B.</creator><creator>Aschner, Michael</creator><creator>Docea, Anca Oana</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-6519</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-5790</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1840-659X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-6742</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8162-5955</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5659-662X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201201</creationdate><title>SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and its clinical implications: An integrative overview of the pharmacotherapeutic management of COVID-19</title><author>Tsatsakis, Aristides ; 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Although unclear issues still remain, the present study contributes to a more complete understanding of the disease, and may drive the direction of new research. The recognition of the severity of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 is crucial for the specific therapeutic management of affected patients.
[Display omitted]
•Respiratory system is the main target of SARS-CoV-2.•SARS-CoV-2 infection can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreatic functions.•SARS-CoV-2 can cause central and peripheral neurological manifestations.•SARS-CoV-2 can affect the cardiovascular system and promote renal dysfunction.•Cancer patients are at a higher risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>32979398</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fct.2020.111769</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-6519</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-5790</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1840-659X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-6742</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8162-5955</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5659-662X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0278-6915 |
| ispartof | Food and chemical toxicology, 2020-12, Vol.146, p.111769-111769, Article 111769 |
| issn | 0278-6915 1873-6351 1873-6351 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7833750 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Cancer Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology Cardiovascular Diseases - virology Cardiovascular system Clinical signs Comorbidity COVID-19 - complications COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - physiopathology COVID-19 Drug Treatment COVID-19 pandemic Digestive System Diseases - etiology Digestive System Diseases - physiopathology Digestive System Diseases - virology Female Gastrointestinal system Humans Kidney Diseases - etiology Kidney Diseases - physiopathology Kidney Diseases - virology Lung Diseases - etiology Lung Diseases - physiopathology Lung Diseases - virology Male Neoplasms - epidemiology Nervous System Diseases - etiology Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology Nervous System Diseases - virology Neurological system Pandemics Pulmonary system SARS-C0V-2 SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and its clinical implications: An integrative overview of the pharmacotherapeutic management of COVID-19 |
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