The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria
The impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the governmental restrictions on mental health have been reported for different countries. This study evaluated mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Austria and the effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity. An online survey was...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of psychosomatic research 2020-09, Vol.136, p.110186-110186, Article 110186 |
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| creator | Pieh, Christoph Budimir, Sanja Probst, Thomas |
| description | The impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the governmental restrictions on mental health have been reported for different countries. This study evaluated mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Austria and the effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity.
An online survey was performed through Qualtrics® after four weeks of lockdown in Austria to recruit a representative sample regarding gender, age, education, and region. Indicators of mental health were quality of life (WHO-QOL BREF), well-being (WHO-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSS-10), and sleep quality (ISI).
In total, N = 1005 individuals were included (53% women). 21% scored above the cut off ≥10 points (PHQ-9) for moderate depressive symptoms, 119% scored above the cut-off ≥10 points (GAD-7) for moderate anxiety symptoms, and 16% above the cut-off ≥15 points (ISI) for clinical insomnia. ANOVAs, Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests, and t-tests showed highest mental health problems in adults under 35 years, women, people with no work, and low income (all p-values |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186 |
| format | Article |
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An online survey was performed through Qualtrics® after four weeks of lockdown in Austria to recruit a representative sample regarding gender, age, education, and region. Indicators of mental health were quality of life (WHO-QOL BREF), well-being (WHO-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSS-10), and sleep quality (ISI).
In total, N = 1005 individuals were included (53% women). 21% scored above the cut off ≥10 points (PHQ-9) for moderate depressive symptoms, 119% scored above the cut-off ≥10 points (GAD-7) for moderate anxiety symptoms, and 16% above the cut-off ≥15 points (ISI) for clinical insomnia. ANOVAs, Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests, and t-tests showed highest mental health problems in adults under 35 years, women, people with no work, and low income (all p-values <.05). Comparisons with a large Austrian sample recruited within the ATHIS 2014 study showed increases of depression and decreases of quality of life in times of COVID-19 as compared to before COVID-19.
Depressive symptoms (21%) and anxiety symptoms (19%) are higher during COVID-19 compared to previous epidemiological data. 16% rated over the cut-off for moderate or severe clinical insomnia. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown seems particularly stressful for younger adults (<35 years), women, people without work, and low income.
•Higher prevalence of mental health problems during COVID-19 in Austria.•Depressive symptoms are up to five times more prevalent compared to pre-corona times.•Anxiety symptoms are up to three times more prevalent compared to pre-corona times.•Quality of Life and well-being is lower compared to pre-corona times.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3999</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32682159</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Anxiety ; Austria - epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Epidemiology ; Exercise ; Exercise - psychology ; Female ; Gender ; Generalized anxiety disorder ; Health problems ; Health status ; Humans ; Income - statistics & numerical data ; Insomnia ; Low income groups ; Male ; Mental depression ; Mental disorders ; Mental Disorders - epidemiology ; Mental health ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pandemics - prevention & control ; Physical activity ; Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control ; Quality of life ; Quarantine - psychology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Shelter in place ; Sleep ; Sleep disorders ; Symptoms ; Womens health ; Work - statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult ; Young women</subject><ispartof>Journal of psychosomatic research, 2020-09, Vol.136, p.110186-110186, Article 110186</ispartof><rights>2020</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Sep 2020</rights><rights>2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-a98b63cb137bb6ae3c7987c90da660d1739fec005c5bc7243665d8c1383248a43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-a98b63cb137bb6ae3c7987c90da660d1739fec005c5bc7243665d8c1383248a43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,30999,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32682159$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pieh, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Budimir, Sanja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Probst, Thomas</creatorcontrib><title>The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria</title><title>Journal of psychosomatic research</title><addtitle>J Psychosom Res</addtitle><description>The impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the governmental restrictions on mental health have been reported for different countries. This study evaluated mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Austria and the effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity.
An online survey was performed through Qualtrics® after four weeks of lockdown in Austria to recruit a representative sample regarding gender, age, education, and region. Indicators of mental health were quality of life (WHO-QOL BREF), well-being (WHO-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSS-10), and sleep quality (ISI).
In total, N = 1005 individuals were included (53% women). 21% scored above the cut off ≥10 points (PHQ-9) for moderate depressive symptoms, 119% scored above the cut-off ≥10 points (GAD-7) for moderate anxiety symptoms, and 16% above the cut-off ≥15 points (ISI) for clinical insomnia. ANOVAs, Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests, and t-tests showed highest mental health problems in adults under 35 years, women, people with no work, and low income (all p-values <.05). Comparisons with a large Austrian sample recruited within the ATHIS 2014 study showed increases of depression and decreases of quality of life in times of COVID-19 as compared to before COVID-19.
Depressive symptoms (21%) and anxiety symptoms (19%) are higher during COVID-19 compared to previous epidemiological data. 16% rated over the cut-off for moderate or severe clinical insomnia. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown seems particularly stressful for younger adults (<35 years), women, people without work, and low income.
•Higher prevalence of mental health problems during COVID-19 in Austria.•Depressive symptoms are up to five times more prevalent compared to pre-corona times.•Anxiety symptoms are up to three times more prevalent compared to pre-corona times.•Quality of Life and well-being is lower compared to pre-corona times.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Distribution</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Austria - epidemiology</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Exercise - psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Generalized anxiety disorder</subject><subject>Health problems</subject><subject>Health status</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Insomnia</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Mental Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pandemics - prevention & control</subject><subject>Physical activity</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control</subject><subject>Quality of life</subject><subject>Quarantine - psychology</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sex Distribution</subject><subject>Shelter in place</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Sleep disorders</subject><subject>Symptoms</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Work - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Young women</subject><issn>0022-3999</issn><issn>1879-1360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctu1DAUhiMEokPhFZAlNkWaDL4kdrxBaodbpUrdFLaWY59MnGbswU6mmkfgrXE1pVw2rCwff-c_5_dfFIjgFcGEvxtWwy4dTB8ipBXFNJdzveFPigVphCwJ4_hpscCY0pJJKU-KFykNGGMuaf28OGGUN5TUclH8uOkBQdeBmVDokN7AEm3AW4hL5LwJ23y_C_F2ibS3aNcfkjN6RNpMbu-mAwoebcFPudSDHqce2Tk6v0EmxOD13sU5IesS6ATobH397fJDSeRbNAZza8OdzzPQ-Zym6PTL4lmnxwSvHs7T4uunjzfrL-XV9efL9flVaWrBplLLpuXMtISJtuUamBGyEUZiqznHlggmsxmMa1O3RtCKcV7bxhDWMFo1umKnxfuj7m5ut2BN3j7qUe2i2-p4UEE79feLd73ahL0SWYHXOAucPQjE8H2GNKmtSwbGUXsIc1K0opWUVEqR0Tf_oEOYo8_2MlVJLmop6kw1R8rEkFKE7nEZgtV93mpQv_NW93mrY9659fWfZh4bfwWcgYsjAPlL9w6iSsaBN2BdzJkrG9z_p_wEIQ3CDw</recordid><startdate>20200901</startdate><enddate>20200901</enddate><creator>Pieh, Christoph</creator><creator>Budimir, Sanja</creator><creator>Probst, Thomas</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><general>Published by Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200901</creationdate><title>The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria</title><author>Pieh, Christoph ; Budimir, Sanja ; Probst, Thomas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-a98b63cb137bb6ae3c7987c90da660d1739fec005c5bc7243665d8c1383248a43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Distribution</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Austria - epidemiology</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Exercise - psychology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Generalized anxiety disorder</topic><topic>Health problems</topic><topic>Health status</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Income - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Insomnia</topic><topic>Low income groups</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Mental disorders</topic><topic>Mental Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Pandemics - prevention & control</topic><topic>Physical activity</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control</topic><topic>Quality of life</topic><topic>Quarantine - psychology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sex Distribution</topic><topic>Shelter in place</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>Sleep disorders</topic><topic>Symptoms</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><topic>Work - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><topic>Young women</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pieh, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Budimir, Sanja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Probst, Thomas</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of psychosomatic research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pieh, Christoph</au><au>Budimir, Sanja</au><au>Probst, Thomas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria</atitle><jtitle>Journal of psychosomatic research</jtitle><addtitle>J Psychosom Res</addtitle><date>2020-09-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>136</volume><spage>110186</spage><epage>110186</epage><pages>110186-110186</pages><artnum>110186</artnum><issn>0022-3999</issn><eissn>1879-1360</eissn><abstract>The impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the governmental restrictions on mental health have been reported for different countries. This study evaluated mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Austria and the effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity.
An online survey was performed through Qualtrics® after four weeks of lockdown in Austria to recruit a representative sample regarding gender, age, education, and region. Indicators of mental health were quality of life (WHO-QOL BREF), well-being (WHO-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSS-10), and sleep quality (ISI).
In total, N = 1005 individuals were included (53% women). 21% scored above the cut off ≥10 points (PHQ-9) for moderate depressive symptoms, 119% scored above the cut-off ≥10 points (GAD-7) for moderate anxiety symptoms, and 16% above the cut-off ≥15 points (ISI) for clinical insomnia. ANOVAs, Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests, and t-tests showed highest mental health problems in adults under 35 years, women, people with no work, and low income (all p-values <.05). Comparisons with a large Austrian sample recruited within the ATHIS 2014 study showed increases of depression and decreases of quality of life in times of COVID-19 as compared to before COVID-19.
Depressive symptoms (21%) and anxiety symptoms (19%) are higher during COVID-19 compared to previous epidemiological data. 16% rated over the cut-off for moderate or severe clinical insomnia. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown seems particularly stressful for younger adults (<35 years), women, people without work, and low income.
•Higher prevalence of mental health problems during COVID-19 in Austria.•Depressive symptoms are up to five times more prevalent compared to pre-corona times.•Anxiety symptoms are up to three times more prevalent compared to pre-corona times.•Quality of Life and well-being is lower compared to pre-corona times.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>32682159</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Age Distribution Aged Anxiety Austria - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control Coronaviruses COVID-19 Epidemiology Exercise Exercise - psychology Female Gender Generalized anxiety disorder Health problems Health status Humans Income - statistics & numerical data Insomnia Low income groups Male Mental depression Mental disorders Mental Disorders - epidemiology Mental health Middle Aged Pandemics Pandemics - prevention & control Physical activity Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control Quality of life Quarantine - psychology Risk Factors Sex Distribution Shelter in place Sleep Sleep disorders Symptoms Womens health Work - statistics & numerical data Young Adult Young women |
| title | The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria |
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