Effect of the Natural Sweetener Xylitol on Gut Hormone Secretion and Gastric Emptying in Humans: A Pilot Dose-Ranging Study
Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean vol...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2021-01, Vol.13 (1), p.174 |
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| creator | Meyer-Gerspach, Anne Christin Drewe, Jürgen Verbeure, Wout Roux, Carel W le Dellatorre-Teixeira, Ludmilla Rehfeld, Jens F Holst, Jens J Hartmann, Bolette Tack, Jan Peterli, Ralph Beglinger, Christoph Wölnerhanssen, Bettina K |
| description | Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu13010174 |
| format | Article |
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The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu13010174</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33429977</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Abdomen ; Acoustics ; Adult ; Artificial sweeteners ; Blood ; Blood glucose ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Blood lipids ; Blood sugar ; Cholecystokinin ; Cholecystokinin - blood ; Cross-Over Studies ; Deceleration ; Digestive system ; Dipeptides - blood ; Double-Blind Method ; Drinking water ; Emptying ; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ; Female ; Gastric emptying ; Gastric Emptying - drug effects ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - blood ; Gastrointestinal Hormones - blood ; Gastrointestinal Hormones - metabolism ; Gastrointestinal symptoms ; Glucagon ; Glucagon - blood ; Glucagon-like peptide 1 ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood ; Glucose ; Health aspects ; Hormone release ; Hormones ; Humans ; Hunger ; Insulin ; Insulin - blood ; Intestine ; Lipids ; Lipids - blood ; Male ; Metabolism ; Peptides ; Physiology ; Placebos ; Satiety ; Secretion ; Sweetening Agents - administration & dosage ; Sweetening Agents - pharmacology ; Tyrosine ; Uric acid ; Uric Acid - blood ; Xylitol ; Xylitol - administration & dosage ; Xylitol - pharmacology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2021-01, Vol.13 (1), p.174</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c514t-cb78b794358e9df147fbaeacddf052709b00846936b7e5da0fb3b20ef5f338cc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c514t-cb78b794358e9df147fbaeacddf052709b00846936b7e5da0fb3b20ef5f338cc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4104-8812 ; 0000-0001-9934-4636 ; 0000-0001-6853-3805</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828005/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828005/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33429977$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Meyer-Gerspach, Anne Christin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drewe, Jürgen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verbeure, Wout</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roux, Carel W le</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dellatorre-Teixeira, Ludmilla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rehfeld, Jens F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holst, Jens J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartmann, Bolette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tack, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peterli, Ralph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beglinger, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wölnerhanssen, Bettina K</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of the Natural Sweetener Xylitol on Gut Hormone Secretion and Gastric Emptying in Humans: A Pilot Dose-Ranging Study</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.</description><subject>Abdomen</subject><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Artificial sweeteners</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood glucose</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>Blood lipids</subject><subject>Blood sugar</subject><subject>Cholecystokinin</subject><subject>Cholecystokinin - blood</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Deceleration</subject><subject>Digestive system</subject><subject>Dipeptides - blood</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Emptying</subject><subject>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gastric emptying</subject><subject>Gastric Emptying - drug effects</subject><subject>Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - blood</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Hormones - 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The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33429977</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu13010174</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4104-8812</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9934-4636</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-3805</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Nutrients, 2021-01, Vol.13 (1), p.174 |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Abdomen Acoustics Adult Artificial sweeteners Blood Blood glucose Blood Glucose - metabolism Blood lipids Blood sugar Cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin - blood Cross-Over Studies Deceleration Digestive system Dipeptides - blood Double-Blind Method Drinking water Emptying Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Female Gastric emptying Gastric Emptying - drug effects Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - blood Gastrointestinal Hormones - blood Gastrointestinal Hormones - metabolism Gastrointestinal symptoms Glucagon Glucagon - blood Glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood Glucose Health aspects Hormone release Hormones Humans Hunger Insulin Insulin - blood Intestine Lipids Lipids - blood Male Metabolism Peptides Physiology Placebos Satiety Secretion Sweetening Agents - administration & dosage Sweetening Agents - pharmacology Tyrosine Uric acid Uric Acid - blood Xylitol Xylitol - administration & dosage Xylitol - pharmacology Young Adult |
| title | Effect of the Natural Sweetener Xylitol on Gut Hormone Secretion and Gastric Emptying in Humans: A Pilot Dose-Ranging Study |
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