Assessing the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulations on improving perinatal health: a population-based accountability study
Abstract Background Since the 1990s, extensive regulations to reduce traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have been implemented, yet the effectiveness of these regulations has not been assessed with respect to improving infant health. In this study, we evaluate how infant health risks associated wit...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of epidemiology 2021-01, Vol.49 (6), p.1781-1791 |
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| container_title | International journal of epidemiology |
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| creator | Willis, Mary D Hill, Elaine L Kile, Molly L Carozza, Susan Hystad, Perry |
| description | Abstract
Background
Since the 1990s, extensive regulations to reduce traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have been implemented, yet the effectiveness of these regulations has not been assessed with respect to improving infant health. In this study, we evaluate how infant health risks associated with maternal residences near highways during pregnancy have changed over time.
Methods
We created a population-based retrospective birth cohort with geocoded residential addresses in Texan metropolitan areas from 1996 through 2009 (n = 2 259 411). We compared term birthweight (37–42 weeks of gestation) among maternal residences |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/ije/dyaa137 |
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Background
Since the 1990s, extensive regulations to reduce traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have been implemented, yet the effectiveness of these regulations has not been assessed with respect to improving infant health. In this study, we evaluate how infant health risks associated with maternal residences near highways during pregnancy have changed over time.
Methods
We created a population-based retrospective birth cohort with geocoded residential addresses in Texan metropolitan areas from 1996 through 2009 (n = 2 259 411). We compared term birthweight (37–42 weeks of gestation) among maternal residences <300 m from a highway (high TRAP exposure) (n = 394 346) and 500–3500 m from a highway (comparison group) (n = 1 865 065). We implemented linear regressions to evaluate interactions between high TRAP exposure and birth year, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status and neighbourhood context. In addition, we used propensity score matching to further reduce residual confounding.
Results
From 1996 to 2009, outdoor NO2 decreased by 51.3%, based on regulatory monitoring data in Texas. Among pregnant women who resided in the high TRAP zone during pregnancy, interaction terms between residential location and birth year show that birthweight increased by 1.1 g [95% confidence interval CI): 0.7, 1.5) in unadjusted models and 0.3 g (95% CI: 0.0, 0.6) in matched models. Time-stratified models also show decreasing impacts of living in high TRAP areas on birthweight when comparing infants born in 1996–97 with 2008–09. Sensitivity analyses with alternative exposure and control groups show consistent results.
Conclusions
Infant health risks associated with maternal residence near highways have reduced over time, paralleling regulatory measures to improve exhaust pipe emissions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0300-5771</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1464-3685</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1464-3685</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa137</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33485273</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollution - analysis ; Air Pollution - prevention & control ; Air Pollution and Heat Waves ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Responsibility ; Texas ; Vehicle Emissions</subject><ispartof>International journal of epidemiology, 2021-01, Vol.49 (6), p.1781-1791</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2020</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2020; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-dac10ce0eb75a8b3861ac87695549b2aad3df3dc938444c26bba6af64046f1c53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-dac10ce0eb75a8b3861ac87695549b2aad3df3dc938444c26bba6af64046f1c53</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0247-7983</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1578,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33485273$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Willis, Mary D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hill, Elaine L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kile, Molly L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carozza, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hystad, Perry</creatorcontrib><title>Assessing the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulations on improving perinatal health: a population-based accountability study</title><title>International journal of epidemiology</title><addtitle>Int J Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Abstract
Background
Since the 1990s, extensive regulations to reduce traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have been implemented, yet the effectiveness of these regulations has not been assessed with respect to improving infant health. In this study, we evaluate how infant health risks associated with maternal residences near highways during pregnancy have changed over time.
Methods
We created a population-based retrospective birth cohort with geocoded residential addresses in Texan metropolitan areas from 1996 through 2009 (n = 2 259 411). We compared term birthweight (37–42 weeks of gestation) among maternal residences <300 m from a highway (high TRAP exposure) (n = 394 346) and 500–3500 m from a highway (comparison group) (n = 1 865 065). We implemented linear regressions to evaluate interactions between high TRAP exposure and birth year, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status and neighbourhood context. In addition, we used propensity score matching to further reduce residual confounding.
Results
From 1996 to 2009, outdoor NO2 decreased by 51.3%, based on regulatory monitoring data in Texas. Among pregnant women who resided in the high TRAP zone during pregnancy, interaction terms between residential location and birth year show that birthweight increased by 1.1 g [95% confidence interval CI): 0.7, 1.5) in unadjusted models and 0.3 g (95% CI: 0.0, 0.6) in matched models. Time-stratified models also show decreasing impacts of living in high TRAP areas on birthweight when comparing infants born in 1996–97 with 2008–09. Sensitivity analyses with alternative exposure and control groups show consistent results.
Conclusions
Infant health risks associated with maternal residence near highways have reduced over time, paralleling regulatory measures to improve exhaust pipe emissions.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollution - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollution - prevention & control</subject><subject>Air Pollution and Heat Waves</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Social Responsibility</subject><subject>Texas</subject><subject>Vehicle Emissions</subject><issn>0300-5771</issn><issn>1464-3685</issn><issn>1464-3685</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUFv1DAQhS0EokvhxB35hJBQqB07dsIBqaqAVqrUSzlbE2eycZW1g-2stFd-Oa52qeDCaax5n9-M_Qh5y9knzjpx4R7wYjgAcKGfkQ2XSlZCtc1zsmGCsarRmp-RVyk9MMallN1LciaEbJtaiw35dZkSpuT8luYJKY4j2uz26EuThpHucXJ2LsLOFSp4GnG7zpDLseieut0Sw_7x-oLRecgw0wlhztNnCnQJywmuekg4ULA2rD5D72aXDzTldTi8Ji9GmBO-OdVz8uPb1_ur6-r27vvN1eVtZSWvczWA5cwiw1430PaiVRxsq1XXNLLra4BBDKMYbCfa8kpbq74HBaOSTKqR20acky9H32XtdzhY9DnCbJbodhAPJoAz_yreTWYb9ka3ddMpVgw-nAxi-LliyqZ8isV5Bo9hTaaWLZO6VVIX9OMRtTGkFHF8GsOZeUzNlNTMKbVCv_t7syf2T0wFeH8Ewrr81-k3-Nemvw</recordid><startdate>20210123</startdate><enddate>20210123</enddate><creator>Willis, Mary D</creator><creator>Hill, Elaine L</creator><creator>Kile, Molly L</creator><creator>Carozza, Susan</creator><creator>Hystad, Perry</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-7983</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210123</creationdate><title>Assessing the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulations on improving perinatal health: a population-based accountability study</title><author>Willis, Mary D ; Hill, Elaine L ; Kile, Molly L ; Carozza, Susan ; Hystad, Perry</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-dac10ce0eb75a8b3861ac87695549b2aad3df3dc938444c26bba6af64046f1c53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Air Pollution - analysis</topic><topic>Air Pollution - prevention & control</topic><topic>Air Pollution and Heat Waves</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Social Responsibility</topic><topic>Texas</topic><topic>Vehicle Emissions</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Willis, Mary D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hill, Elaine L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kile, Molly L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carozza, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hystad, Perry</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Willis, Mary D</au><au>Hill, Elaine L</au><au>Kile, Molly L</au><au>Carozza, Susan</au><au>Hystad, Perry</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessing the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulations on improving perinatal health: a population-based accountability study</atitle><jtitle>International journal of epidemiology</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2021-01-23</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1781</spage><epage>1791</epage><pages>1781-1791</pages><issn>0300-5771</issn><issn>1464-3685</issn><eissn>1464-3685</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Background
Since the 1990s, extensive regulations to reduce traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have been implemented, yet the effectiveness of these regulations has not been assessed with respect to improving infant health. In this study, we evaluate how infant health risks associated with maternal residences near highways during pregnancy have changed over time.
Methods
We created a population-based retrospective birth cohort with geocoded residential addresses in Texan metropolitan areas from 1996 through 2009 (n = 2 259 411). We compared term birthweight (37–42 weeks of gestation) among maternal residences <300 m from a highway (high TRAP exposure) (n = 394 346) and 500–3500 m from a highway (comparison group) (n = 1 865 065). We implemented linear regressions to evaluate interactions between high TRAP exposure and birth year, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status and neighbourhood context. In addition, we used propensity score matching to further reduce residual confounding.
Results
From 1996 to 2009, outdoor NO2 decreased by 51.3%, based on regulatory monitoring data in Texas. Among pregnant women who resided in the high TRAP zone during pregnancy, interaction terms between residential location and birth year show that birthweight increased by 1.1 g [95% confidence interval CI): 0.7, 1.5) in unadjusted models and 0.3 g (95% CI: 0.0, 0.6) in matched models. Time-stratified models also show decreasing impacts of living in high TRAP areas on birthweight when comparing infants born in 1996–97 with 2008–09. Sensitivity analyses with alternative exposure and control groups show consistent results.
Conclusions
Infant health risks associated with maternal residence near highways have reduced over time, paralleling regulatory measures to improve exhaust pipe emissions.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>33485273</pmid><doi>10.1093/ije/dyaa137</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-7983</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollution - analysis Air Pollution - prevention & control Air Pollution and Heat Waves Female Humans Infant Pregnancy Retrospective Studies Social Responsibility Texas Vehicle Emissions |
| title | Assessing the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulations on improving perinatal health: a population-based accountability study |
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