Mask-wearing and control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA: a cross-sectional study
Face masks have become commonplace across the USA because of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Although evidence suggests that masks help to curb the spread of the disease, there is little empirical research at the population level. We investigate the associa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Lancet. Digital health 2021-03, Vol.3 (3), p.e148-e157 |
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| creator | Rader, Benjamin White, Laura F Burns, Michael R Chen, Jack Brilliant, Joseph Cohen, Jon Shaman, Jeffrey Brilliant, Larry Kraemer, Moritz U G Hawkins, Jared B Scarpino, Samuel V Astley, Christina M Brownstein, John S |
| description | Face masks have become commonplace across the USA because of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Although evidence suggests that masks help to curb the spread of the disease, there is little empirical research at the population level. We investigate the association between self-reported mask-wearing, physical distancing, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA, along with the effect of statewide mandates on mask uptake.
Serial cross-sectional surveys were administered via a web platform to randomly surveyed US individuals aged 13 years and older, to query self-reports of face mask-wearing. Survey responses were combined with instantaneous reproductive number (Rt) estimates from two publicly available sources, the outcome of interest. Measures of physical distancing, community demographics, and other potential sources of confounding (from publicly available sources) were also assessed. We fitted multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the association between mask-wearing and community transmission control (Rt |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30293-4 |
| format | Article |
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Serial cross-sectional surveys were administered via a web platform to randomly surveyed US individuals aged 13 years and older, to query self-reports of face mask-wearing. Survey responses were combined with instantaneous reproductive number (Rt) estimates from two publicly available sources, the outcome of interest. Measures of physical distancing, community demographics, and other potential sources of confounding (from publicly available sources) were also assessed. We fitted multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the association between mask-wearing and community transmission control (Rt<1). Additionally, mask-wearing in 12 states was evaluated 2 weeks before and after statewide mandates.
378 207 individuals responded to the survey between June 3 and July 27, 2020, of which 4186 were excluded for missing data. We observed an increasing trend in reported mask usage across the USA, although uptake varied by geography. A logistic model controlling for physical distancing, population demographics, and other variables found that a 10% increase in self-reported mask-wearing was associated with an increased odds of transmission control (odds ratio 3·53, 95% CI 2·03–6·43). We found that communities with high reported mask-wearing and physical distancing had the highest predicted probability of transmission control. Segmented regression analysis of reported mask-wearing showed no statistically significant change in the slope after mandates were introduced; however, the upward trend in reported mask-wearing was preserved.
The widespread reported use of face masks combined with physical distancing increases the odds of SARS-CoV-2 transmission control. Self-reported mask-wearing increased separately from government mask mandates, suggesting that supplemental public health interventions are needed to maximise adoption and help to curb the ongoing epidemic.
Flu Lab, Google.org (via the Tides Foundation), National Institutes for Health, National Science Foundation, Morris-Singer Foundation, MOOD, Branco Weiss Fellowship, Ending Pandemics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA).</description><identifier>ISSN: 2589-7500</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2589-7500</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30293-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33483277</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Communicable Disease Control - methods ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; COVID-19 - transmission ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Masks ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics - prevention & control ; Physical Distancing ; Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The Lancet. Digital health, 2021-03, Vol.3 (3), p.e148-e157</ispartof><rights>2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-8e7335dc182016b32ac761d0a3f2234a01b71966887a45e054b04c451b14ab0b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-8e7335dc182016b32ac761d0a3f2234a01b71966887a45e054b04c451b14ab0b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,860,881,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33483277$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rader, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Laura F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burns, Michael R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brilliant, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Jon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shaman, Jeffrey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brilliant, Larry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraemer, Moritz U G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hawkins, Jared B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scarpino, Samuel V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Astley, Christina M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brownstein, John S</creatorcontrib><title>Mask-wearing and control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA: a cross-sectional study</title><title>The Lancet. Digital health</title><addtitle>Lancet Digit Health</addtitle><description>Face masks have become commonplace across the USA because of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Although evidence suggests that masks help to curb the spread of the disease, there is little empirical research at the population level. We investigate the association between self-reported mask-wearing, physical distancing, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA, along with the effect of statewide mandates on mask uptake.
Serial cross-sectional surveys were administered via a web platform to randomly surveyed US individuals aged 13 years and older, to query self-reports of face mask-wearing. Survey responses were combined with instantaneous reproductive number (Rt) estimates from two publicly available sources, the outcome of interest. Measures of physical distancing, community demographics, and other potential sources of confounding (from publicly available sources) were also assessed. We fitted multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the association between mask-wearing and community transmission control (Rt<1). Additionally, mask-wearing in 12 states was evaluated 2 weeks before and after statewide mandates.
378 207 individuals responded to the survey between June 3 and July 27, 2020, of which 4186 were excluded for missing data. We observed an increasing trend in reported mask usage across the USA, although uptake varied by geography. A logistic model controlling for physical distancing, population demographics, and other variables found that a 10% increase in self-reported mask-wearing was associated with an increased odds of transmission control (odds ratio 3·53, 95% CI 2·03–6·43). We found that communities with high reported mask-wearing and physical distancing had the highest predicted probability of transmission control. Segmented regression analysis of reported mask-wearing showed no statistically significant change in the slope after mandates were introduced; however, the upward trend in reported mask-wearing was preserved.
The widespread reported use of face masks combined with physical distancing increases the odds of SARS-CoV-2 transmission control. Self-reported mask-wearing increased separately from government mask mandates, suggesting that supplemental public health interventions are needed to maximise adoption and help to curb the ongoing epidemic.
Flu Lab, Google.org (via the Tides Foundation), National Institutes for Health, National Science Foundation, Morris-Singer Foundation, MOOD, Branco Weiss Fellowship, Ending Pandemics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA).</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Communicable Disease Control - methods</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention & control</subject><subject>COVID-19 - transmission</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Masks</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Pandemics - prevention & control</subject><subject>Physical Distancing</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>2589-7500</issn><issn>2589-7500</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1PAjEQhhujEYP8BE2Peqj2c7t40BDiV4IxcUWPTbdboLpsSbtg-PcuoARPnmYyM-_MvA8AJwRfEEySy4yKtIukwPiM4nOGaZchvgeOtuX9nbwFOjF-YIwpJUxKeQhajPGUUSmPwPuTjp_oy-rgqjHUVQGNr-rgS-hHMOu9ZKjv3xCFddBVnLoYna-gq2A9sXCY9a6ghib4GFG0pm56uoSxnhfLY3Aw0mW0nZ_YBsO729f-Axo83z_2ewNkRCpqlFrJmCgMSWnjK2dUG5mQAms2opRxjUkuSTdJ0lRqLiwWPMfccEFywnWOc9YG15u9s3k-tYWxzfO6VLPgpjoslddO_e1UbqLGfqFkSiRvgLSB2CxY2wh2tNUSrFaw1Rq2WpFUFKs1bMUb3enu4a3qF20zcLMZsI39hbNBReNsZWzhQsNKFd79c-IbpvmN9w</recordid><startdate>20210301</startdate><enddate>20210301</enddate><creator>Rader, Benjamin</creator><creator>White, Laura F</creator><creator>Burns, Michael R</creator><creator>Chen, Jack</creator><creator>Brilliant, Joseph</creator><creator>Cohen, Jon</creator><creator>Shaman, Jeffrey</creator><creator>Brilliant, Larry</creator><creator>Kraemer, Moritz U G</creator><creator>Hawkins, Jared B</creator><creator>Scarpino, Samuel V</creator><creator>Astley, Christina M</creator><creator>Brownstein, John S</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>The Author(s). 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Digital health</jtitle><addtitle>Lancet Digit Health</addtitle><date>2021-03-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e148</spage><epage>e157</epage><pages>e148-e157</pages><issn>2589-7500</issn><eissn>2589-7500</eissn><abstract>Face masks have become commonplace across the USA because of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Although evidence suggests that masks help to curb the spread of the disease, there is little empirical research at the population level. We investigate the association between self-reported mask-wearing, physical distancing, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA, along with the effect of statewide mandates on mask uptake.
Serial cross-sectional surveys were administered via a web platform to randomly surveyed US individuals aged 13 years and older, to query self-reports of face mask-wearing. Survey responses were combined with instantaneous reproductive number (Rt) estimates from two publicly available sources, the outcome of interest. Measures of physical distancing, community demographics, and other potential sources of confounding (from publicly available sources) were also assessed. We fitted multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the association between mask-wearing and community transmission control (Rt<1). Additionally, mask-wearing in 12 states was evaluated 2 weeks before and after statewide mandates.
378 207 individuals responded to the survey between June 3 and July 27, 2020, of which 4186 were excluded for missing data. We observed an increasing trend in reported mask usage across the USA, although uptake varied by geography. A logistic model controlling for physical distancing, population demographics, and other variables found that a 10% increase in self-reported mask-wearing was associated with an increased odds of transmission control (odds ratio 3·53, 95% CI 2·03–6·43). We found that communities with high reported mask-wearing and physical distancing had the highest predicted probability of transmission control. Segmented regression analysis of reported mask-wearing showed no statistically significant change in the slope after mandates were introduced; however, the upward trend in reported mask-wearing was preserved.
The widespread reported use of face masks combined with physical distancing increases the odds of SARS-CoV-2 transmission control. Self-reported mask-wearing increased separately from government mask mandates, suggesting that supplemental public health interventions are needed to maximise adoption and help to curb the ongoing epidemic.
Flu Lab, Google.org (via the Tides Foundation), National Institutes for Health, National Science Foundation, Morris-Singer Foundation, MOOD, Branco Weiss Fellowship, Ending Pandemics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA).</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>33483277</pmid><doi>10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30293-4</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 2589-7500 |
| ispartof | The Lancet. Digital health, 2021-03, Vol.3 (3), p.e148-e157 |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Communicable Disease Control - methods COVID-19 - prevention & control COVID-19 - transmission Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Male Masks Middle Aged Pandemics - prevention & control Physical Distancing Public Health SARS-CoV-2 Surveys and Questionnaires United States Young Adult |
| title | Mask-wearing and control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA: a cross-sectional study |
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