Liquid Chromatographic Methods for COVID-19 Drugs, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine
Abstract COVID-19 has been a threat throughout the world since December 2019. In attempts to discover an urgent treatment regime for COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have been on solidarity clinical trial. However, many countries have pulled HCQ and CQ from their COVID-19 trea...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of chromatographic science 2021-08, Vol.59 (8), p.748-757 |
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| creator | Bilgin, Zeynep Derya Evcil, Isil Yazgi, Didem Binay, Gokce Okuyucu Genc, Ceren Gulsen, Busra Huseynova, Aytaj Ozdemir, Ayse Zehra Ozmen, Emel Usta, Yakup Ustun, Suade Caglar Andac, Sena |
| description | Abstract
COVID-19 has been a threat throughout the world since December 2019. In attempts to discover an urgent treatment regime for COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have been on solidarity clinical trial. However, many countries have pulled HCQ and CQ from their COVID-19 treatment regimens recently, some countries still continue using them for patients who have previously started HCQ and CQ and they may complete their course under the supervision of a doctor. HCQ and CQ are 4-aminoquinoline drugs and it is safe to use them for autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and malaria as well. Determination of CQ, HCQ and their metabolites in biologic fluids and in pharmaceuticals has great importance, especially for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and epidemiological studies. In this review, liquid chromatographic methods developed in the last 10 years were summarized focusing on sample preparation and detection methods for HCQ and CQ determination in biological fluids and pharmaceutical preparations. It is hoped that this article could be helpful to facilitate the use of these drugs in clinical trials or drug research studies as it provides comprehensive information on the reported analytical methods. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa110 |
| format | Article |
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COVID-19 has been a threat throughout the world since December 2019. In attempts to discover an urgent treatment regime for COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have been on solidarity clinical trial. However, many countries have pulled HCQ and CQ from their COVID-19 treatment regimens recently, some countries still continue using them for patients who have previously started HCQ and CQ and they may complete their course under the supervision of a doctor. HCQ and CQ are 4-aminoquinoline drugs and it is safe to use them for autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and malaria as well. Determination of CQ, HCQ and their metabolites in biologic fluids and in pharmaceuticals has great importance, especially for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and epidemiological studies. In this review, liquid chromatographic methods developed in the last 10 years were summarized focusing on sample preparation and detection methods for HCQ and CQ determination in biological fluids and pharmaceutical preparations. It is hoped that this article could be helpful to facilitate the use of these drugs in clinical trials or drug research studies as it provides comprehensive information on the reported analytical methods.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9665</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-239X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa110</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33336246</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antiviral Agents - analysis ; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use ; Chloroquine - analysis ; Chloroquine - therapeutic use ; Chromatography, Liquid - methods ; COVID-19 - virology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine - analysis ; Hydroxychloroquine - therapeutic use ; Reproducibility of Results ; Review ; SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification</subject><ispartof>Journal of chromatographic science, 2021-08, Vol.59 (8), p.748-757</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com 2020</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-9883a4ef6f77ce37eec0c9426b9be10caeaed7ddf94044a79c0aa4c1f06c9bf83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-9883a4ef6f77ce37eec0c9426b9be10caeaed7ddf94044a79c0aa4c1f06c9bf83</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4846-8310</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1578,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336246$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bilgin, Zeynep Derya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evcil, Isil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yazgi, Didem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Binay, Gokce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okuyucu Genc, Ceren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gulsen, Busra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huseynova, Aytaj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ozdemir, Ayse Zehra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ozmen, Emel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Usta, Yakup</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ustun, Suade</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caglar Andac, Sena</creatorcontrib><title>Liquid Chromatographic Methods for COVID-19 Drugs, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine</title><title>Journal of chromatographic science</title><addtitle>J Chromatogr Sci</addtitle><description>Abstract
COVID-19 has been a threat throughout the world since December 2019. In attempts to discover an urgent treatment regime for COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have been on solidarity clinical trial. However, many countries have pulled HCQ and CQ from their COVID-19 treatment regimens recently, some countries still continue using them for patients who have previously started HCQ and CQ and they may complete their course under the supervision of a doctor. HCQ and CQ are 4-aminoquinoline drugs and it is safe to use them for autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and malaria as well. Determination of CQ, HCQ and their metabolites in biologic fluids and in pharmaceuticals has great importance, especially for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and epidemiological studies. In this review, liquid chromatographic methods developed in the last 10 years were summarized focusing on sample preparation and detection methods for HCQ and CQ determination in biological fluids and pharmaceutical preparations. It is hoped that this article could be helpful to facilitate the use of these drugs in clinical trials or drug research studies as it provides comprehensive information on the reported analytical methods.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - analysis</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Chloroquine - analysis</subject><subject>Chloroquine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid - methods</subject><subject>COVID-19 - virology</subject><subject>COVID-19 Drug Treatment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydroxychloroquine - analysis</subject><subject>Hydroxychloroquine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification</subject><issn>0021-9665</issn><issn>1945-239X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkL1PwzAQxS0EoqWwM6HsELATx4kXJJQCrVTUhSI26-LYTVBTBztB9L8nUT8EE7ecnu6930kPoUuCbwnm4Z0srKmcLO-yCoAQfISGhNPID0L-foyGGAfE54xFA3Tm3EcvSRKdokHYDQsoG6LFrPxsy9xLexI0ZmmhLkrpvaimMLnztLFeOn-bjn3CvbFtl-7Gm2xya743slgZa7r0Wnmw7hEHfY5ONKycutjtEVo8Pb6mE382f56mDzNfUoYbnydJCFRppuNYqjBWSmLJacAynimCJShQeZznmlNMKcRcYgAqicZM8kwn4Qjdb7l1m1Uql2rdWFiJ2pYV2I0wUIq_l3VZiKX5EnHMecCiDoC3AGmNc1bpQ5Zg0Vcs9hWLXcVd5Or3z0Ng32lnuN4aTFv_j_sBlbyNNQ</recordid><startdate>20210818</startdate><enddate>20210818</enddate><creator>Bilgin, Zeynep Derya</creator><creator>Evcil, Isil</creator><creator>Yazgi, Didem</creator><creator>Binay, Gokce</creator><creator>Okuyucu Genc, Ceren</creator><creator>Gulsen, Busra</creator><creator>Huseynova, Aytaj</creator><creator>Ozdemir, Ayse Zehra</creator><creator>Ozmen, Emel</creator><creator>Usta, Yakup</creator><creator>Ustun, Suade</creator><creator>Caglar Andac, Sena</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-8310</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210818</creationdate><title>Liquid Chromatographic Methods for COVID-19 Drugs, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine</title><author>Bilgin, Zeynep Derya ; Evcil, Isil ; Yazgi, Didem ; Binay, Gokce ; Okuyucu Genc, Ceren ; Gulsen, Busra ; Huseynova, Aytaj ; Ozdemir, Ayse Zehra ; Ozmen, Emel ; Usta, Yakup ; Ustun, Suade ; Caglar Andac, Sena</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-9883a4ef6f77ce37eec0c9426b9be10caeaed7ddf94044a79c0aa4c1f06c9bf83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - analysis</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Chloroquine - analysis</topic><topic>Chloroquine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Chromatography, Liquid - methods</topic><topic>COVID-19 - virology</topic><topic>COVID-19 Drug Treatment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydroxychloroquine - analysis</topic><topic>Hydroxychloroquine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bilgin, Zeynep Derya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evcil, Isil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yazgi, Didem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Binay, Gokce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okuyucu Genc, Ceren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gulsen, Busra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huseynova, Aytaj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ozdemir, Ayse Zehra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ozmen, Emel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Usta, Yakup</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ustun, Suade</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caglar Andac, Sena</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of chromatographic science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bilgin, Zeynep Derya</au><au>Evcil, Isil</au><au>Yazgi, Didem</au><au>Binay, Gokce</au><au>Okuyucu Genc, Ceren</au><au>Gulsen, Busra</au><au>Huseynova, Aytaj</au><au>Ozdemir, Ayse Zehra</au><au>Ozmen, Emel</au><au>Usta, Yakup</au><au>Ustun, Suade</au><au>Caglar Andac, Sena</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Liquid Chromatographic Methods for COVID-19 Drugs, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine</atitle><jtitle>Journal of chromatographic science</jtitle><addtitle>J Chromatogr Sci</addtitle><date>2021-08-18</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>748</spage><epage>757</epage><pages>748-757</pages><issn>0021-9665</issn><eissn>1945-239X</eissn><abstract>Abstract
COVID-19 has been a threat throughout the world since December 2019. In attempts to discover an urgent treatment regime for COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have been on solidarity clinical trial. However, many countries have pulled HCQ and CQ from their COVID-19 treatment regimens recently, some countries still continue using them for patients who have previously started HCQ and CQ and they may complete their course under the supervision of a doctor. HCQ and CQ are 4-aminoquinoline drugs and it is safe to use them for autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and malaria as well. Determination of CQ, HCQ and their metabolites in biologic fluids and in pharmaceuticals has great importance, especially for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and epidemiological studies. In this review, liquid chromatographic methods developed in the last 10 years were summarized focusing on sample preparation and detection methods for HCQ and CQ determination in biological fluids and pharmaceutical preparations. It is hoped that this article could be helpful to facilitate the use of these drugs in clinical trials or drug research studies as it provides comprehensive information on the reported analytical methods.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>33336246</pmid><doi>10.1093/chromsci/bmaa110</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-8310</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animals Antiviral Agents - analysis Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Chloroquine - analysis Chloroquine - therapeutic use Chromatography, Liquid - methods COVID-19 - virology COVID-19 Drug Treatment Humans Hydroxychloroquine - analysis Hydroxychloroquine - therapeutic use Reproducibility of Results Review SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification |
| title | Liquid Chromatographic Methods for COVID-19 Drugs, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine |
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