Opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer pain in Japan (OIC-J study): a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Background Constipation is a common side effect of opioid therapy. An observational study of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in Japanese patients with cancer (OIC-J) included 212 patients with various tumor types. This post hoc analysis of OIC-J evaluated a subgroup of patients with gastrointestin...
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Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of clinical oncology 2021-01, Vol.26 (1), p.104-110 |
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container_title | International journal of clinical oncology |
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creator | Harada, Toshiyuki Imai, Hisao Fumita, Soichi Noriyuki, Toshio Gamoh, Makio Okamoto, Masaharu Akashi, Yusaku Kizawa, Yoshiyuki Tokoro, Akihiro |
description | Background
Constipation is a common side effect of opioid therapy. An observational study of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in Japanese patients with cancer (OIC-J) included 212 patients with various tumor types. This post hoc analysis of OIC-J evaluated a subgroup of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.
Methods
Patients were aged ≥ 20 years, starting strong opioid therapy, had an ECOG PS of ≤ 2, and must have had ≥ 3 bowel movements during the week before enrollment. OIC was evaluated for 2 weeks after opioid initiation using the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for colorectal disorders, as well as physician’s diagnosis, number of spontaneous bowel movements, Bowel Function Index score, and patient’s self-assessment. Relationships between baseline characteristics and OIC incidence, and the effects of OIC on quality of life (QOL) were also explored.
Results
Fifty patients from OIC-J who had GI cancer [colon (50%), stomach (28%), and esophageal (22%)] were included. OIC incidence varied by which diagnostic criteria were used (46.0–62.0%) and occurred rapidly after initiating opioid therapy. The use of prophylactic laxatives reduced the overall incidence rate of OIC from 71.0% to 47.4%. No baseline characteristics, except comorbidities, were associated with OIC incidence. Change from baseline to day 15 in PAC-SYM total score was significantly greater for patients with OIC versus those without OIC (0.188 versus −0.362;
P
= 0.0011).
Conclusions
This post hoc analysis suggests that OIC occurs rapidly in patients with GI cancer after initiating opioid therapy, and negatively impacts QOL. Early and effective intervention strategies may be particularly useful in this group.
Additional Information
Coauthor Makio Gamoh is deceased. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10147-020-01790-y |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7788034</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2475614268</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-845afdb64c6a786cfa19515e3387544fb4d68cc51ef16799fc12e69c3bf57c693</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kctuFDEQRS0EIg_4ARbIEhuycPDb3SyQ0IhHokizgbXldtszjiZ2Y7tB_SN8L05mCIEFK5dcp-6t0gXgBcHnBGP1phBMuEKYYoSJ6jFaHoFjwplCSin6uNWME9RLKo7ASSnXuFFS0KfgiDEsO0rxMfi5nkIKIwpxnK0boU2x1DCZGlKEIcLbysVa4I9Qt9CaaF1un-GueWkmE-Hr9cUKXcJS53E5ewsNnFKpcJssLPOwyWmeoIlmt5RQYPL_KG5MqTmFWF2zbdTB4hl44s2uuOeH9xR8_fjhy-ozulp_uli9v0KW911FHRfGj4PkVhrVSesN6QURjrFOCc79wEfZWSuI80SqvveWUCd7ywYvlJU9OwXv9rrTPNy40bbFstnpKYcbkxedTNB_d2LY6k36rpXqOsx4E3h1EMjp29yO0Ndpzu2QoilXQhJOZdcouqdsTqVk5-8dCNa3Wep9lrplqe-y1Esbevlwt_uR3-E1gO2B0lpx4_If7__I_gKatK5G</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2475614268</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer pain in Japan (OIC-J study): a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Harada, Toshiyuki ; Imai, Hisao ; Fumita, Soichi ; Noriyuki, Toshio ; Gamoh, Makio ; Okamoto, Masaharu ; Akashi, Yusaku ; Kizawa, Yoshiyuki ; Tokoro, Akihiro</creator><creatorcontrib>Harada, Toshiyuki ; Imai, Hisao ; Fumita, Soichi ; Noriyuki, Toshio ; Gamoh, Makio ; Okamoto, Masaharu ; Akashi, Yusaku ; Kizawa, Yoshiyuki ; Tokoro, Akihiro</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Constipation is a common side effect of opioid therapy. An observational study of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in Japanese patients with cancer (OIC-J) included 212 patients with various tumor types. This post hoc analysis of OIC-J evaluated a subgroup of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.
Methods
Patients were aged ≥ 20 years, starting strong opioid therapy, had an ECOG PS of ≤ 2, and must have had ≥ 3 bowel movements during the week before enrollment. OIC was evaluated for 2 weeks after opioid initiation using the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for colorectal disorders, as well as physician’s diagnosis, number of spontaneous bowel movements, Bowel Function Index score, and patient’s self-assessment. Relationships between baseline characteristics and OIC incidence, and the effects of OIC on quality of life (QOL) were also explored.
Results
Fifty patients from OIC-J who had GI cancer [colon (50%), stomach (28%), and esophageal (22%)] were included. OIC incidence varied by which diagnostic criteria were used (46.0–62.0%) and occurred rapidly after initiating opioid therapy. The use of prophylactic laxatives reduced the overall incidence rate of OIC from 71.0% to 47.4%. No baseline characteristics, except comorbidities, were associated with OIC incidence. Change from baseline to day 15 in PAC-SYM total score was significantly greater for patients with OIC versus those without OIC (0.188 versus −0.362;
P
= 0.0011).
Conclusions
This post hoc analysis suggests that OIC occurs rapidly in patients with GI cancer after initiating opioid therapy, and negatively impacts QOL. Early and effective intervention strategies may be particularly useful in this group.
Additional Information
Coauthor Makio Gamoh is deceased.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1341-9625</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1437-7772</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01790-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33068220</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Singapore: Springer Singapore</publisher><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects ; Cancer ; Cancer Pain - drug therapy ; Cancer Pain - epidemiology ; Cancer Research ; Colon ; Colon cancer ; Colorectal cancer ; Constipation ; Constipation - chemically induced ; Constipation - drug therapy ; Constipation - epidemiology ; Esophagus ; Gastrointestinal cancer ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - complications ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Humans ; Intestine ; Japan - epidemiology ; Laxatives ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Narcotics ; Observational studies ; Oncology ; Opioid-Induced Constipation ; Opioids ; Original ; Original Article ; Quality of Life ; Self-assessment ; Surgical Oncology</subject><ispartof>International journal of clinical oncology, 2021-01, Vol.26 (1), p.104-110</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-845afdb64c6a786cfa19515e3387544fb4d68cc51ef16799fc12e69c3bf57c693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-845afdb64c6a786cfa19515e3387544fb4d68cc51ef16799fc12e69c3bf57c693</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0635-7647</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10147-020-01790-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10147-020-01790-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33068220$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Harada, Toshiyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imai, Hisao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fumita, Soichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noriyuki, Toshio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamoh, Makio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okamoto, Masaharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akashi, Yusaku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kizawa, Yoshiyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tokoro, Akihiro</creatorcontrib><title>Opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer pain in Japan (OIC-J study): a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer</title><title>International journal of clinical oncology</title><addtitle>Int J Clin Oncol</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Clin Oncol</addtitle><description>Background
Constipation is a common side effect of opioid therapy. An observational study of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in Japanese patients with cancer (OIC-J) included 212 patients with various tumor types. This post hoc analysis of OIC-J evaluated a subgroup of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.
Methods
Patients were aged ≥ 20 years, starting strong opioid therapy, had an ECOG PS of ≤ 2, and must have had ≥ 3 bowel movements during the week before enrollment. OIC was evaluated for 2 weeks after opioid initiation using the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for colorectal disorders, as well as physician’s diagnosis, number of spontaneous bowel movements, Bowel Function Index score, and patient’s self-assessment. Relationships between baseline characteristics and OIC incidence, and the effects of OIC on quality of life (QOL) were also explored.
Results
Fifty patients from OIC-J who had GI cancer [colon (50%), stomach (28%), and esophageal (22%)] were included. OIC incidence varied by which diagnostic criteria were used (46.0–62.0%) and occurred rapidly after initiating opioid therapy. The use of prophylactic laxatives reduced the overall incidence rate of OIC from 71.0% to 47.4%. No baseline characteristics, except comorbidities, were associated with OIC incidence. Change from baseline to day 15 in PAC-SYM total score was significantly greater for patients with OIC versus those without OIC (0.188 versus −0.362;
P
= 0.0011).
Conclusions
This post hoc analysis suggests that OIC occurs rapidly in patients with GI cancer after initiating opioid therapy, and negatively impacts QOL. Early and effective intervention strategies may be particularly useful in this group.
Additional Information
Coauthor Makio Gamoh is deceased.</description><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer Pain - drug therapy</subject><subject>Cancer Pain - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cancer Research</subject><subject>Colon</subject><subject>Colon cancer</subject><subject>Colorectal cancer</subject><subject>Constipation</subject><subject>Constipation - chemically induced</subject><subject>Constipation - drug therapy</subject><subject>Constipation - epidemiology</subject><subject>Esophagus</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal cancer</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - complications</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intestine</subject><subject>Japan - epidemiology</subject><subject>Laxatives</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Narcotics</subject><subject>Observational studies</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Opioid-Induced Constipation</subject><subject>Opioids</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Quality of Life</subject><subject>Self-assessment</subject><subject>Surgical Oncology</subject><issn>1341-9625</issn><issn>1437-7772</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctuFDEQRS0EIg_4ARbIEhuycPDb3SyQ0IhHokizgbXldtszjiZ2Y7tB_SN8L05mCIEFK5dcp-6t0gXgBcHnBGP1phBMuEKYYoSJ6jFaHoFjwplCSin6uNWME9RLKo7ASSnXuFFS0KfgiDEsO0rxMfi5nkIKIwpxnK0boU2x1DCZGlKEIcLbysVa4I9Qt9CaaF1un-GueWkmE-Hr9cUKXcJS53E5ewsNnFKpcJssLPOwyWmeoIlmt5RQYPL_KG5MqTmFWF2zbdTB4hl44s2uuOeH9xR8_fjhy-ozulp_uli9v0KW911FHRfGj4PkVhrVSesN6QURjrFOCc79wEfZWSuI80SqvveWUCd7ywYvlJU9OwXv9rrTPNy40bbFstnpKYcbkxedTNB_d2LY6k36rpXqOsx4E3h1EMjp29yO0Ndpzu2QoilXQhJOZdcouqdsTqVk5-8dCNa3Wep9lrplqe-y1Esbevlwt_uR3-E1gO2B0lpx4_If7__I_gKatK5G</recordid><startdate>20210101</startdate><enddate>20210101</enddate><creator>Harada, Toshiyuki</creator><creator>Imai, Hisao</creator><creator>Fumita, Soichi</creator><creator>Noriyuki, Toshio</creator><creator>Gamoh, Makio</creator><creator>Okamoto, Masaharu</creator><creator>Akashi, Yusaku</creator><creator>Kizawa, Yoshiyuki</creator><creator>Tokoro, Akihiro</creator><general>Springer Singapore</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-7647</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210101</creationdate><title>Opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer pain in Japan (OIC-J study): a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer</title><author>Harada, Toshiyuki ; Imai, Hisao ; Fumita, Soichi ; Noriyuki, Toshio ; Gamoh, Makio ; Okamoto, Masaharu ; Akashi, Yusaku ; Kizawa, Yoshiyuki ; Tokoro, Akihiro</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-845afdb64c6a786cfa19515e3387544fb4d68cc51ef16799fc12e69c3bf57c693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cancer Pain - drug therapy</topic><topic>Cancer Pain - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cancer Research</topic><topic>Colon</topic><topic>Colon cancer</topic><topic>Colorectal cancer</topic><topic>Constipation</topic><topic>Constipation - chemically induced</topic><topic>Constipation - drug therapy</topic><topic>Constipation - epidemiology</topic><topic>Esophagus</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal cancer</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - complications</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - drug therapy</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intestine</topic><topic>Japan - epidemiology</topic><topic>Laxatives</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Narcotics</topic><topic>Observational studies</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Opioid-Induced Constipation</topic><topic>Opioids</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Quality of Life</topic><topic>Self-assessment</topic><topic>Surgical Oncology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Harada, Toshiyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imai, Hisao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fumita, Soichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noriyuki, Toshio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamoh, Makio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okamoto, Masaharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akashi, Yusaku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kizawa, Yoshiyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tokoro, Akihiro</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of clinical oncology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Harada, Toshiyuki</au><au>Imai, Hisao</au><au>Fumita, Soichi</au><au>Noriyuki, Toshio</au><au>Gamoh, Makio</au><au>Okamoto, Masaharu</au><au>Akashi, Yusaku</au><au>Kizawa, Yoshiyuki</au><au>Tokoro, Akihiro</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer pain in Japan (OIC-J study): a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer</atitle><jtitle>International journal of clinical oncology</jtitle><stitle>Int J Clin Oncol</stitle><addtitle>Int J Clin Oncol</addtitle><date>2021-01-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>104</spage><epage>110</epage><pages>104-110</pages><issn>1341-9625</issn><eissn>1437-7772</eissn><abstract>Background
Constipation is a common side effect of opioid therapy. An observational study of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in Japanese patients with cancer (OIC-J) included 212 patients with various tumor types. This post hoc analysis of OIC-J evaluated a subgroup of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.
Methods
Patients were aged ≥ 20 years, starting strong opioid therapy, had an ECOG PS of ≤ 2, and must have had ≥ 3 bowel movements during the week before enrollment. OIC was evaluated for 2 weeks after opioid initiation using the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for colorectal disorders, as well as physician’s diagnosis, number of spontaneous bowel movements, Bowel Function Index score, and patient’s self-assessment. Relationships between baseline characteristics and OIC incidence, and the effects of OIC on quality of life (QOL) were also explored.
Results
Fifty patients from OIC-J who had GI cancer [colon (50%), stomach (28%), and esophageal (22%)] were included. OIC incidence varied by which diagnostic criteria were used (46.0–62.0%) and occurred rapidly after initiating opioid therapy. The use of prophylactic laxatives reduced the overall incidence rate of OIC from 71.0% to 47.4%. No baseline characteristics, except comorbidities, were associated with OIC incidence. Change from baseline to day 15 in PAC-SYM total score was significantly greater for patients with OIC versus those without OIC (0.188 versus −0.362;
P
= 0.0011).
Conclusions
This post hoc analysis suggests that OIC occurs rapidly in patients with GI cancer after initiating opioid therapy, and negatively impacts QOL. Early and effective intervention strategies may be particularly useful in this group.
Additional Information
Coauthor Makio Gamoh is deceased.</abstract><cop>Singapore</cop><pub>Springer Singapore</pub><pmid>33068220</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10147-020-01790-y</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-7647</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects Cancer Cancer Pain - drug therapy Cancer Pain - epidemiology Cancer Research Colon Colon cancer Colorectal cancer Constipation Constipation - chemically induced Constipation - drug therapy Constipation - epidemiology Esophagus Gastrointestinal cancer Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - complications Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - drug therapy Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - epidemiology Humans Intestine Japan - epidemiology Laxatives Medicine Medicine & Public Health Narcotics Observational studies Oncology Opioid-Induced Constipation Opioids Original Original Article Quality of Life Self-assessment Surgical Oncology |
title | Opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer pain in Japan (OIC-J study): a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer |
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