Monte Carlo simulations of EBT3 film dose deposition for percentage depth dose (PDD) curve evaluation
Purpose To use Monte Carlo (MC) calculations to evaluate the effects of Gafchromic EBT3 film orientation on percentage depth dose (PDD) curves. Methods Dose deposition in films placed in a water phantom, and oriented either parallel or perpendicular with respect to beam axis, were simulated with MC...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied clinical medical physics 2020-12, Vol.21 (12), p.314-324 |
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| creator | Robinson, Spencer M. Esplen, Nolan Wells, Derek Bazalova‐Carter, Magdalena |
| description | Purpose
To use Monte Carlo (MC) calculations to evaluate the effects of Gafchromic EBT3 film orientation on percentage depth dose (PDD) curves.
Methods
Dose deposition in films placed in a water phantom, and oriented either parallel or perpendicular with respect to beam axis, were simulated with MC and compared to PDDs scored in a homogenous water phantom. The effects of introducing 0.01–1.00 mm air gaps on each side of the film as well as a small 1°‐3° tilt for film placed in parallel orientation were studied. PDDs scored based on two published EBT3 film compositions were compared. Three photon beam energies of 120 kVp, 220 kVp, and 6 MV and three field sizes between 1 × 1 and 5 × 5 cm2 were considered. Experimental PDDs for a 6‐MV 3 × 3 cm2 beam were acquired.
Results
PDD curves for films in perpendicular orientation more closely agreed to water PDDs than films placed in parallel orientation. The maximum difference between film and water PDD for films in parallel orientation was −12.9% for the 220 kVp beam. For the perpendicular film orientation, the maximum difference decreased to 5.7% for the 120 kVp beam. The inclusion of an air gap had the largest effect on the 6‐MV 1 × 1 cm2 beam, for which the dose in the buildup region was underestimated by 21.2% compared to the simulation with no air gap. A 2° film tilt decreased the difference between the parallel film and homogeneous water phantom PDDs from −5.0% to −0.5% for the 6 MV 3 × 3 cm2 beam. The “newer” EBT3 film composition resulted in larger PDD discrepancies than the previous composition. Experimental film data qualitatively agreed with MC simulations.
Conclusions
PDD measurements with films should either be performed with film in perpendicular orientation to the beam axis or in parallel orientation with a ~ 2º tilt and no air gaps. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/acm2.13078 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7769387</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2458035687</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5428-93da79e87491f0c276e3200d704870b3edd9836d6eb42c91d2b6244483b45bcc3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1LHTEYhYNY_N70B5SAGytczddMMpuCvWpbUHSh65BJ3tFIZnJNZm7x3zv3jhXbRVd54Tw8nHAQ-kzJCSWEnRrbshPKiVQbaIcWrJxVFRWbH-5ttJvzEyGUKq620DbntChkqXYQXMeuBzw3KUScfTsE0_vYZRwbfPH9juPGhxa7mAE7WMTsVyluYsILSBa63jysk_5xgo5uz8-_YjukJWBYmjCsdfvoU2NChoO3dw_dX17czX_Orm5-_JqfXc1sIZiaVdwZWYGSoqINsUyWwBkhThKhJKk5OFcpXroSasFsRR2rSyaEULwWRW0t30PfJu9iqFtwq37JBL1IvjXpRUfj9d9J5x_1Q1xqKcuKKzkKjt4EKT4PkHvd-mwhBNNBHLJmolCEF-UaPfwHfYpD6sbvjZTkrCCKk5E6niibYs4JmvcylOjVenq1nl6vN8JfPtZ_R__MNQJ0An77AC__Uemz-TWbpK9DSKO0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2473250830</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Monte Carlo simulations of EBT3 film dose deposition for percentage depth dose (PDD) curve evaluation</title><source>Wiley Online Library Open Access</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Robinson, Spencer M. ; Esplen, Nolan ; Wells, Derek ; Bazalova‐Carter, Magdalena</creator><creatorcontrib>Robinson, Spencer M. ; Esplen, Nolan ; Wells, Derek ; Bazalova‐Carter, Magdalena</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
To use Monte Carlo (MC) calculations to evaluate the effects of Gafchromic EBT3 film orientation on percentage depth dose (PDD) curves.
Methods
Dose deposition in films placed in a water phantom, and oriented either parallel or perpendicular with respect to beam axis, were simulated with MC and compared to PDDs scored in a homogenous water phantom. The effects of introducing 0.01–1.00 mm air gaps on each side of the film as well as a small 1°‐3° tilt for film placed in parallel orientation were studied. PDDs scored based on two published EBT3 film compositions were compared. Three photon beam energies of 120 kVp, 220 kVp, and 6 MV and three field sizes between 1 × 1 and 5 × 5 cm2 were considered. Experimental PDDs for a 6‐MV 3 × 3 cm2 beam were acquired.
Results
PDD curves for films in perpendicular orientation more closely agreed to water PDDs than films placed in parallel orientation. The maximum difference between film and water PDD for films in parallel orientation was −12.9% for the 220 kVp beam. For the perpendicular film orientation, the maximum difference decreased to 5.7% for the 120 kVp beam. The inclusion of an air gap had the largest effect on the 6‐MV 1 × 1 cm2 beam, for which the dose in the buildup region was underestimated by 21.2% compared to the simulation with no air gap. A 2° film tilt decreased the difference between the parallel film and homogeneous water phantom PDDs from −5.0% to −0.5% for the 6 MV 3 × 3 cm2 beam. The “newer” EBT3 film composition resulted in larger PDD discrepancies than the previous composition. Experimental film data qualitatively agreed with MC simulations.
Conclusions
PDD measurements with films should either be performed with film in perpendicular orientation to the beam axis or in parallel orientation with a ~ 2º tilt and no air gaps.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1526-9914</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1526-9914</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13078</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33155768</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>beam orientation ; Computer simulation ; Dosimetry ; Investigations ; Polyesters ; Radiation Measurements ; Radiation therapy</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2020-12, Vol.21 (12), p.314-324</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine</rights><rights>2020 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine.</rights><rights>2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5428-93da79e87491f0c276e3200d704870b3edd9836d6eb42c91d2b6244483b45bcc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5428-93da79e87491f0c276e3200d704870b3edd9836d6eb42c91d2b6244483b45bcc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7769387/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7769387/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,1411,11541,27901,27902,45550,45551,46027,46451,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33155768$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Robinson, Spencer M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esplen, Nolan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wells, Derek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bazalova‐Carter, Magdalena</creatorcontrib><title>Monte Carlo simulations of EBT3 film dose deposition for percentage depth dose (PDD) curve evaluation</title><title>Journal of applied clinical medical physics</title><addtitle>J Appl Clin Med Phys</addtitle><description>Purpose
To use Monte Carlo (MC) calculations to evaluate the effects of Gafchromic EBT3 film orientation on percentage depth dose (PDD) curves.
Methods
Dose deposition in films placed in a water phantom, and oriented either parallel or perpendicular with respect to beam axis, were simulated with MC and compared to PDDs scored in a homogenous water phantom. The effects of introducing 0.01–1.00 mm air gaps on each side of the film as well as a small 1°‐3° tilt for film placed in parallel orientation were studied. PDDs scored based on two published EBT3 film compositions were compared. Three photon beam energies of 120 kVp, 220 kVp, and 6 MV and three field sizes between 1 × 1 and 5 × 5 cm2 were considered. Experimental PDDs for a 6‐MV 3 × 3 cm2 beam were acquired.
Results
PDD curves for films in perpendicular orientation more closely agreed to water PDDs than films placed in parallel orientation. The maximum difference between film and water PDD for films in parallel orientation was −12.9% for the 220 kVp beam. For the perpendicular film orientation, the maximum difference decreased to 5.7% for the 120 kVp beam. The inclusion of an air gap had the largest effect on the 6‐MV 1 × 1 cm2 beam, for which the dose in the buildup region was underestimated by 21.2% compared to the simulation with no air gap. A 2° film tilt decreased the difference between the parallel film and homogeneous water phantom PDDs from −5.0% to −0.5% for the 6 MV 3 × 3 cm2 beam. The “newer” EBT3 film composition resulted in larger PDD discrepancies than the previous composition. Experimental film data qualitatively agreed with MC simulations.
Conclusions
PDD measurements with films should either be performed with film in perpendicular orientation to the beam axis or in parallel orientation with a ~ 2º tilt and no air gaps.</description><subject>beam orientation</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Dosimetry</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Polyesters</subject><subject>Radiation Measurements</subject><subject>Radiation therapy</subject><issn>1526-9914</issn><issn>1526-9914</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1LHTEYhYNY_N70B5SAGytczddMMpuCvWpbUHSh65BJ3tFIZnJNZm7x3zv3jhXbRVd54Tw8nHAQ-kzJCSWEnRrbshPKiVQbaIcWrJxVFRWbH-5ttJvzEyGUKq620DbntChkqXYQXMeuBzw3KUScfTsE0_vYZRwbfPH9juPGhxa7mAE7WMTsVyluYsILSBa63jysk_5xgo5uz8-_YjukJWBYmjCsdfvoU2NChoO3dw_dX17czX_Orm5-_JqfXc1sIZiaVdwZWYGSoqINsUyWwBkhThKhJKk5OFcpXroSasFsRR2rSyaEULwWRW0t30PfJu9iqFtwq37JBL1IvjXpRUfj9d9J5x_1Q1xqKcuKKzkKjt4EKT4PkHvd-mwhBNNBHLJmolCEF-UaPfwHfYpD6sbvjZTkrCCKk5E6niibYs4JmvcylOjVenq1nl6vN8JfPtZ_R__MNQJ0An77AC__Uemz-TWbpK9DSKO0</recordid><startdate>202012</startdate><enddate>202012</enddate><creator>Robinson, Spencer M.</creator><creator>Esplen, Nolan</creator><creator>Wells, Derek</creator><creator>Bazalova‐Carter, Magdalena</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202012</creationdate><title>Monte Carlo simulations of EBT3 film dose deposition for percentage depth dose (PDD) curve evaluation</title><author>Robinson, Spencer M. ; Esplen, Nolan ; Wells, Derek ; Bazalova‐Carter, Magdalena</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5428-93da79e87491f0c276e3200d704870b3edd9836d6eb42c91d2b6244483b45bcc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>beam orientation</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Dosimetry</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Polyesters</topic><topic>Radiation Measurements</topic><topic>Radiation therapy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Robinson, Spencer M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esplen, Nolan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wells, Derek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bazalova‐Carter, Magdalena</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied clinical medical physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Robinson, Spencer M.</au><au>Esplen, Nolan</au><au>Wells, Derek</au><au>Bazalova‐Carter, Magdalena</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Monte Carlo simulations of EBT3 film dose deposition for percentage depth dose (PDD) curve evaluation</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied clinical medical physics</jtitle><addtitle>J Appl Clin Med Phys</addtitle><date>2020-12</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>314</spage><epage>324</epage><pages>314-324</pages><issn>1526-9914</issn><eissn>1526-9914</eissn><abstract>Purpose
To use Monte Carlo (MC) calculations to evaluate the effects of Gafchromic EBT3 film orientation on percentage depth dose (PDD) curves.
Methods
Dose deposition in films placed in a water phantom, and oriented either parallel or perpendicular with respect to beam axis, were simulated with MC and compared to PDDs scored in a homogenous water phantom. The effects of introducing 0.01–1.00 mm air gaps on each side of the film as well as a small 1°‐3° tilt for film placed in parallel orientation were studied. PDDs scored based on two published EBT3 film compositions were compared. Three photon beam energies of 120 kVp, 220 kVp, and 6 MV and three field sizes between 1 × 1 and 5 × 5 cm2 were considered. Experimental PDDs for a 6‐MV 3 × 3 cm2 beam were acquired.
Results
PDD curves for films in perpendicular orientation more closely agreed to water PDDs than films placed in parallel orientation. The maximum difference between film and water PDD for films in parallel orientation was −12.9% for the 220 kVp beam. For the perpendicular film orientation, the maximum difference decreased to 5.7% for the 120 kVp beam. The inclusion of an air gap had the largest effect on the 6‐MV 1 × 1 cm2 beam, for which the dose in the buildup region was underestimated by 21.2% compared to the simulation with no air gap. A 2° film tilt decreased the difference between the parallel film and homogeneous water phantom PDDs from −5.0% to −0.5% for the 6 MV 3 × 3 cm2 beam. The “newer” EBT3 film composition resulted in larger PDD discrepancies than the previous composition. Experimental film data qualitatively agreed with MC simulations.
Conclusions
PDD measurements with films should either be performed with film in perpendicular orientation to the beam axis or in parallel orientation with a ~ 2º tilt and no air gaps.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>33155768</pmid><doi>10.1002/acm2.13078</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Open Access; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | beam orientation Computer simulation Dosimetry Investigations Polyesters Radiation Measurements Radiation therapy |
| title | Monte Carlo simulations of EBT3 film dose deposition for percentage depth dose (PDD) curve evaluation |
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