Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on sexuality: a cross-sectional study among couples in Turkey
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been continuing to affect the lives of all people globally. It has been shown that restrictions due to changes in lifestyles lead to mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on couples’ sexuality. A total...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of impotence research 2020-12, Vol.33 (8), p.815-823 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 823 |
---|---|
container_issue | 8 |
container_start_page | 815 |
container_title | International journal of impotence research |
container_volume | 33 |
creator | Karagöz, Mehmet Ali Gül, Abdullah Borg, Charmaine Erihan, İsmet Bilger Uslu, Mehmet Ezer, Mehmet Erbağcı, Ahmet Çatak, Binali Bağcıoğlu, Murat |
description | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been continuing to affect the lives of all people globally. It has been shown that restrictions due to changes in lifestyles lead to mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on couples’ sexuality. A total of 245 volunteers (148 men and 97 women) were enrolled in the study. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale were administered to screen anxiety and depression symptoms. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) along with self-constructed sexual behavior questionnaire were administered to participants, in order to evaluate sexual functions and behavioral changes during the pandemic. Sexual function scores (IIEF erectile function domain and total FSFI) during pandemic (24.55 ± 5.79 and 24.87 ± 7.88, respectively) were lower compared to the prepandemic period (26.59 ± 4.51 and 26.02 ± 6.22, respectively) (
p
= 0.001 and
p
= 0.027, respectively). During pandemic compared to prepandemic period, the frequency of sexual intercourse decreased in men (
p
= 0.001) and women (
p
= 0.001) while sexual avoidance and solitary sexual approach behaviors (masturbation or watching sexual content videos, etc.) increased in men (
p
= 0.001) and women (
p
= 0.022). However, the couples that spent more time together during the pandemic reported better sexual function scores (men;
p
= 0.001, women;
p
= 0.006). Although this is the first study evaluating couples from Turkey with a convenience sample, further studies with a greater number may better elucidate the effects of this pandemic on sexuality. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41443-020-00378-4 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7739794</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A691095475</galeid><sourcerecordid>A691095475</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-b903d6acdbfd7e41c375cb7d044198c97fc2690755aceb82597b23221c1d1a563</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kl1rFDEUhoModrv6B7yQgCC9Sc3nZOKFUNavhUJvqldCyGQyu1MzyTqZiPvvze7WtisiuQjkPOdN8p4XgBcEnxPM6jeJE84ZwhQjjJmsEX8EZoTLCgleq8dghpUQSCmGT8BpSjcYY4VJ9RScMMZoXVE8A9-WofPZBetg7ODi6uvyPSIKbkxo3dBbGANM7lc2vp-2b6GBdowpoeTs1MdgPExTbrfQDDGsoI15412CfYDXefzuts_Ak8745J7f7nPw5eOH68VndHn1abm4uERWSDqhRmHWVsa2TddKx4llUthGtphzomqrZGdppbAUwljX1FQo2VBGKbGkJUZUbA7eHXQ3uRlca12YRuP1ZuwHM251NL0-roR-rVfxp5aSKal4ETi7FRjjj-zSpIc-Wee9CS7mpCmXxTpKis1z8Oov9CbmsVhRqIpyzMu72D21Mt7pPnSx3Gt3ovqiUqQMhktRqPN_UGXtvY_BdX05P2p4_aBh7Yyf1in6vBtGOgbpAdzPa3TdnRkE61149CE8uoRH78Ojdy68fGjjXcuftBSAHYBUSmHlxvu__0f2N0RwzO0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2624042213</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on sexuality: a cross-sectional study among couples in Turkey</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Karagöz, Mehmet Ali ; Gül, Abdullah ; Borg, Charmaine ; Erihan, İsmet Bilger ; Uslu, Mehmet ; Ezer, Mehmet ; Erbağcı, Ahmet ; Çatak, Binali ; Bağcıoğlu, Murat</creator><creatorcontrib>Karagöz, Mehmet Ali ; Gül, Abdullah ; Borg, Charmaine ; Erihan, İsmet Bilger ; Uslu, Mehmet ; Ezer, Mehmet ; Erbağcı, Ahmet ; Çatak, Binali ; Bağcıoğlu, Murat</creatorcontrib><description>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been continuing to affect the lives of all people globally. It has been shown that restrictions due to changes in lifestyles lead to mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on couples’ sexuality. A total of 245 volunteers (148 men and 97 women) were enrolled in the study. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale were administered to screen anxiety and depression symptoms. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) along with self-constructed sexual behavior questionnaire were administered to participants, in order to evaluate sexual functions and behavioral changes during the pandemic. Sexual function scores (IIEF erectile function domain and total FSFI) during pandemic (24.55 ± 5.79 and 24.87 ± 7.88, respectively) were lower compared to the prepandemic period (26.59 ± 4.51 and 26.02 ± 6.22, respectively) (
p
= 0.001 and
p
= 0.027, respectively). During pandemic compared to prepandemic period, the frequency of sexual intercourse decreased in men (
p
= 0.001) and women (
p
= 0.001) while sexual avoidance and solitary sexual approach behaviors (masturbation or watching sexual content videos, etc.) increased in men (
p
= 0.001) and women (
p
= 0.022). However, the couples that spent more time together during the pandemic reported better sexual function scores (men;
p
= 0.001, women;
p
= 0.006). Although this is the first study evaluating couples from Turkey with a convenience sample, further studies with a greater number may better elucidate the effects of this pandemic on sexuality.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0955-9930</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1476-5489</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5489</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-00378-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33328620</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/477/2811 ; 692/699/2768/1575 ; 692/699/2768/515 ; Coronaviruses ; Couples ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemics ; Erectile dysfunction ; Female ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Pandemics ; Psychological aspects ; Questionnaires ; Reproductive Medicine ; rology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexuality ; Social aspects ; Surveys ; Turkey - epidemiology ; Urology</subject><ispartof>International journal of impotence research, 2020-12, Vol.33 (8), p.815-823</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2020</rights><rights>2020. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-b903d6acdbfd7e41c375cb7d044198c97fc2690755aceb82597b23221c1d1a563</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-b903d6acdbfd7e41c375cb7d044198c97fc2690755aceb82597b23221c1d1a563</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0144-2041</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/s41443-020-00378-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/s41443-020-00378-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33328620$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Karagöz, Mehmet Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gül, Abdullah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borg, Charmaine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erihan, İsmet Bilger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uslu, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezer, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erbağcı, Ahmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Çatak, Binali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bağcıoğlu, Murat</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on sexuality: a cross-sectional study among couples in Turkey</title><title>International journal of impotence research</title><addtitle>Int J Impot Res</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Impot Res</addtitle><description>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been continuing to affect the lives of all people globally. It has been shown that restrictions due to changes in lifestyles lead to mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on couples’ sexuality. A total of 245 volunteers (148 men and 97 women) were enrolled in the study. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale were administered to screen anxiety and depression symptoms. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) along with self-constructed sexual behavior questionnaire were administered to participants, in order to evaluate sexual functions and behavioral changes during the pandemic. Sexual function scores (IIEF erectile function domain and total FSFI) during pandemic (24.55 ± 5.79 and 24.87 ± 7.88, respectively) were lower compared to the prepandemic period (26.59 ± 4.51 and 26.02 ± 6.22, respectively) (
p
= 0.001 and
p
= 0.027, respectively). During pandemic compared to prepandemic period, the frequency of sexual intercourse decreased in men (
p
= 0.001) and women (
p
= 0.001) while sexual avoidance and solitary sexual approach behaviors (masturbation or watching sexual content videos, etc.) increased in men (
p
= 0.001) and women (
p
= 0.022). However, the couples that spent more time together during the pandemic reported better sexual function scores (men;
p
= 0.001, women;
p
= 0.006). Although this is the first study evaluating couples from Turkey with a convenience sample, further studies with a greater number may better elucidate the effects of this pandemic on sexuality.</description><subject>631/477/2811</subject><subject>692/699/2768/1575</subject><subject>692/699/2768/515</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>Couples</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Erectile dysfunction</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Reproductive Medicine</subject><subject>rology</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior</subject><subject>Sexuality</subject><subject>Social aspects</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Turkey - epidemiology</subject><subject>Urology</subject><issn>0955-9930</issn><issn>1476-5489</issn><issn>1476-5489</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kl1rFDEUhoModrv6B7yQgCC9Sc3nZOKFUNavhUJvqldCyGQyu1MzyTqZiPvvze7WtisiuQjkPOdN8p4XgBcEnxPM6jeJE84ZwhQjjJmsEX8EZoTLCgleq8dghpUQSCmGT8BpSjcYY4VJ9RScMMZoXVE8A9-WofPZBetg7ODi6uvyPSIKbkxo3dBbGANM7lc2vp-2b6GBdowpoeTs1MdgPExTbrfQDDGsoI15412CfYDXefzuts_Ak8745J7f7nPw5eOH68VndHn1abm4uERWSDqhRmHWVsa2TddKx4llUthGtphzomqrZGdppbAUwljX1FQo2VBGKbGkJUZUbA7eHXQ3uRlca12YRuP1ZuwHM251NL0-roR-rVfxp5aSKal4ETi7FRjjj-zSpIc-Wee9CS7mpCmXxTpKis1z8Oov9CbmsVhRqIpyzMu72D21Mt7pPnSx3Gt3ovqiUqQMhktRqPN_UGXtvY_BdX05P2p4_aBh7Yyf1in6vBtGOgbpAdzPa3TdnRkE61149CE8uoRH78Ojdy68fGjjXcuftBSAHYBUSmHlxvu__0f2N0RwzO0</recordid><startdate>20201201</startdate><enddate>20201201</enddate><creator>Karagöz, Mehmet Ali</creator><creator>Gül, Abdullah</creator><creator>Borg, Charmaine</creator><creator>Erihan, İsmet Bilger</creator><creator>Uslu, Mehmet</creator><creator>Ezer, Mehmet</creator><creator>Erbağcı, Ahmet</creator><creator>Çatak, Binali</creator><creator>Bağcıoğlu, Murat</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-2041</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201201</creationdate><title>Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on sexuality: a cross-sectional study among couples in Turkey</title><author>Karagöz, Mehmet Ali ; Gül, Abdullah ; Borg, Charmaine ; Erihan, İsmet Bilger ; Uslu, Mehmet ; Ezer, Mehmet ; Erbağcı, Ahmet ; Çatak, Binali ; Bağcıoğlu, Murat</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-b903d6acdbfd7e41c375cb7d044198c97fc2690755aceb82597b23221c1d1a563</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>631/477/2811</topic><topic>692/699/2768/1575</topic><topic>692/699/2768/515</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>Couples</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Erectile dysfunction</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Psychological aspects</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Reproductive Medicine</topic><topic>rology</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>Sexual Behavior</topic><topic>Sexuality</topic><topic>Social aspects</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>Turkey - epidemiology</topic><topic>Urology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Karagöz, Mehmet Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gül, Abdullah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borg, Charmaine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erihan, İsmet Bilger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uslu, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezer, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erbağcı, Ahmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Çatak, Binali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bağcıoğlu, Murat</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of impotence research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Karagöz, Mehmet Ali</au><au>Gül, Abdullah</au><au>Borg, Charmaine</au><au>Erihan, İsmet Bilger</au><au>Uslu, Mehmet</au><au>Ezer, Mehmet</au><au>Erbağcı, Ahmet</au><au>Çatak, Binali</au><au>Bağcıoğlu, Murat</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on sexuality: a cross-sectional study among couples in Turkey</atitle><jtitle>International journal of impotence research</jtitle><stitle>Int J Impot Res</stitle><addtitle>Int J Impot Res</addtitle><date>2020-12-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>815</spage><epage>823</epage><pages>815-823</pages><issn>0955-9930</issn><issn>1476-5489</issn><eissn>1476-5489</eissn><abstract>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been continuing to affect the lives of all people globally. It has been shown that restrictions due to changes in lifestyles lead to mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on couples’ sexuality. A total of 245 volunteers (148 men and 97 women) were enrolled in the study. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale were administered to screen anxiety and depression symptoms. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) along with self-constructed sexual behavior questionnaire were administered to participants, in order to evaluate sexual functions and behavioral changes during the pandemic. Sexual function scores (IIEF erectile function domain and total FSFI) during pandemic (24.55 ± 5.79 and 24.87 ± 7.88, respectively) were lower compared to the prepandemic period (26.59 ± 4.51 and 26.02 ± 6.22, respectively) (
p
= 0.001 and
p
= 0.027, respectively). During pandemic compared to prepandemic period, the frequency of sexual intercourse decreased in men (
p
= 0.001) and women (
p
= 0.001) while sexual avoidance and solitary sexual approach behaviors (masturbation or watching sexual content videos, etc.) increased in men (
p
= 0.001) and women (
p
= 0.022). However, the couples that spent more time together during the pandemic reported better sexual function scores (men;
p
= 0.001, women;
p
= 0.006). Although this is the first study evaluating couples from Turkey with a convenience sample, further studies with a greater number may better elucidate the effects of this pandemic on sexuality.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>33328620</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41443-020-00378-4</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-2041</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0955-9930 |
ispartof | International journal of impotence research, 2020-12, Vol.33 (8), p.815-823 |
issn | 0955-9930 1476-5489 1476-5489 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7739794 |
source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals |
subjects | 631/477/2811 692/699/2768/1575 692/699/2768/515 Coronaviruses Couples COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Epidemics Erectile dysfunction Female Health aspects Humans Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Pandemics Psychological aspects Questionnaires Reproductive Medicine rology SARS-CoV-2 Sex Sexual Behavior Sexuality Social aspects Surveys Turkey - epidemiology Urology |
title | Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on sexuality: a cross-sectional study among couples in Turkey |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-24T20%3A29%3A05IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Influence%20of%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20on%20sexuality:%20a%20cross-sectional%20study%20among%20couples%20in%20Turkey&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20impotence%20research&rft.au=Karag%C3%B6z,%20Mehmet%20Ali&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=815&rft.epage=823&rft.pages=815-823&rft.issn=0955-9930&rft.eissn=1476-5489&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/s41443-020-00378-4&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA691095475%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2624042213&rft_id=info:pmid/33328620&rft_galeid=A691095475&rfr_iscdi=true |