Phthalate Plasticizers in Children's Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate
Plasticizers are added to diverse consumer products including children's products. Owing to their potential for endocrine disruption, the use of phthalate plasticizers is restricted in many children's products. In this study, exposure to five phthalate esters (dibutylphthalate, di(2-ethylh...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2020-11, Vol.17 (22), p.8582 |
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| creator | Kim, Du Yung Chun, Sa-Ho Jung, Yerin Mohamed, Dana Fahad Mohamed Salman Kim, Hae-Soo Kang, Da-Young An, Jeong-Won Park, Seong-Yeol Kwon, Hyun-Wook Kwon, Jung-Hwan |
| description | Plasticizers are added to diverse consumer products including children's products. Owing to their potential for endocrine disruption, the use of phthalate plasticizers is restricted in many children's products. In this study, exposure to five phthalate esters (dibutylphthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate (DINP)) and an alternative (di-ethylhexyl adipate) was assessed by the use of children's products based on chemical analysis of 3345 products purchased during 2017 and 2019 in Korea. Plasticizers were found above the detection limits in 387 products, and DEHP and DINP were the two most predominantly detected plasticizers. Deterministic and probabilistic estimation of the margin of exposure at a screening level revealed that the use of children's products might be an important risk factor. However, it is also highly likely that the exposure could be overestimated, because the migration rate was estimated based solely on the content of plasticizers in children's products. Chemical migration is a key process determining the absorption of plasticizers from products; thus, further refinements in experimental determination or model estimation of the migration rate are required. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph17228582 |
| format | Article |
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Owing to their potential for endocrine disruption, the use of phthalate plasticizers is restricted in many children's products. In this study, exposure to five phthalate esters (dibutylphthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate (DINP)) and an alternative (di-ethylhexyl adipate) was assessed by the use of children's products based on chemical analysis of 3345 products purchased during 2017 and 2019 in Korea. Plasticizers were found above the detection limits in 387 products, and DEHP and DINP were the two most predominantly detected plasticizers. Deterministic and probabilistic estimation of the margin of exposure at a screening level revealed that the use of children's products might be an important risk factor. However, it is also highly likely that the exposure could be overestimated, because the migration rate was estimated based solely on the content of plasticizers in children's products. Chemical migration is a key process determining the absorption of plasticizers from products; thus, further refinements in experimental determination or model estimation of the migration rate are required.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228582</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33227952</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Algorithms ; Analytical chemistry ; Chemical analysis ; Chemicals ; Children ; Consumer Product Safety ; Consumer products ; Detection limits ; Diisononyl phthalate ; Dioctyl phthalate ; Endocrine disruptors ; Environmental Exposure ; Esters ; Esters - analysis ; Esters - chemistry ; Exposure ; Humans ; Mass spectrometry ; Monte Carlo simulation ; Phthalate esters ; Phthalates ; Phthalic Acids - analysis ; Phthalic Acids - chemistry ; Plasticizers - analysis ; Plasticizers - chemistry ; Polyvinyl chloride ; Republic of Korea ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Scientific imaging ; Toys</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020-11, Vol.17 (22), p.8582</ispartof><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-6d8e62438e0e0afc50e92a2ccf638161d64f2e06aad285cdeac99d133d18eaf23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-6d8e62438e0e0afc50e92a2ccf638161d64f2e06aad285cdeac99d133d18eaf23</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6341-7562 ; 0000-0003-0655-9107</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699231/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699231/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,882,27906,27907,53773,53775</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33227952$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Du Yung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chun, Sa-Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Yerin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohamed, Dana Fahad Mohamed Salman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hae-Soo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Da-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>An, Jeong-Won</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Seong-Yeol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwon, Hyun-Wook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwon, Jung-Hwan</creatorcontrib><title>Phthalate Plasticizers in Children's Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Plasticizers are added to diverse consumer products including children's products. Owing to their potential for endocrine disruption, the use of phthalate plasticizers is restricted in many children's products. In this study, exposure to five phthalate esters (dibutylphthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate (DINP)) and an alternative (di-ethylhexyl adipate) was assessed by the use of children's products based on chemical analysis of 3345 products purchased during 2017 and 2019 in Korea. Plasticizers were found above the detection limits in 387 products, and DEHP and DINP were the two most predominantly detected plasticizers. Deterministic and probabilistic estimation of the margin of exposure at a screening level revealed that the use of children's products might be an important risk factor. However, it is also highly likely that the exposure could be overestimated, because the migration rate was estimated based solely on the content of plasticizers in children's products. Chemical migration is a key process determining the absorption of plasticizers from products; thus, further refinements in experimental determination or model estimation of the migration rate are required.</description><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Analytical chemistry</subject><subject>Chemical analysis</subject><subject>Chemicals</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Consumer Product Safety</subject><subject>Consumer products</subject><subject>Detection limits</subject><subject>Diisononyl phthalate</subject><subject>Dioctyl phthalate</subject><subject>Endocrine disruptors</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure</subject><subject>Esters</subject><subject>Esters - analysis</subject><subject>Esters - chemistry</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Monte Carlo simulation</subject><subject>Phthalate esters</subject><subject>Phthalates</subject><subject>Phthalic Acids - analysis</subject><subject>Phthalic Acids - chemistry</subject><subject>Plasticizers - analysis</subject><subject>Plasticizers - chemistry</subject><subject>Polyvinyl chloride</subject><subject>Republic of Korea</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Toys</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkctLAzEQxoMoPqpXjxLw4Kk1j22a9SBIqQ-oWETPISaz3ZTtZk2yov71bmktesqQ-c033_AhdErJgPOcXLoFhKakI8bkULIddEiFIP1MELr7pz5ARzEuCOEyE_k-OuCcsVE-ZIeomJWp1JVOgGeVjskZ9w0hYlfjcekqG6C-iHgWvG1NiljXFk86aqmT8zX2BZ58Nj62Aa7ww7LxIenawOr_0c3DGnruxI_RXqGrCCebt4debycv4_v-9OnuYXwz7ZuMytQXVoJgGZdAgOjCDAnkTDNjCsElFdSKrGBAhNa2u9dY0CbPLeXcUgm6YLyHrte6Tfu2BGugTkFXqgmd4_ClvHbqf6d2pZr7DzUSec447QTONwLBv7cQk1r4NtSdZ8UywYUU2XBFDdaUCT7GAMV2AyVqlYv6n0s3cPbX1xb_DYL_AHEOjLw</recordid><startdate>20201119</startdate><enddate>20201119</enddate><creator>Kim, Du Yung</creator><creator>Chun, Sa-Ho</creator><creator>Jung, Yerin</creator><creator>Mohamed, Dana Fahad Mohamed Salman</creator><creator>Kim, Hae-Soo</creator><creator>Kang, Da-Young</creator><creator>An, Jeong-Won</creator><creator>Park, Seong-Yeol</creator><creator>Kwon, Hyun-Wook</creator><creator>Kwon, Jung-Hwan</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-7562</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-9107</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201119</creationdate><title>Phthalate Plasticizers in Children's Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate</title><author>Kim, Du Yung ; 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Owing to their potential for endocrine disruption, the use of phthalate plasticizers is restricted in many children's products. In this study, exposure to five phthalate esters (dibutylphthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate (DINP)) and an alternative (di-ethylhexyl adipate) was assessed by the use of children's products based on chemical analysis of 3345 products purchased during 2017 and 2019 in Korea. Plasticizers were found above the detection limits in 387 products, and DEHP and DINP were the two most predominantly detected plasticizers. Deterministic and probabilistic estimation of the margin of exposure at a screening level revealed that the use of children's products might be an important risk factor. However, it is also highly likely that the exposure could be overestimated, because the migration rate was estimated based solely on the content of plasticizers in children's products. Chemical migration is a key process determining the absorption of plasticizers from products; thus, further refinements in experimental determination or model estimation of the migration rate are required.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33227952</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph17228582</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-7562</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-9107</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Algorithms Analytical chemistry Chemical analysis Chemicals Children Consumer Product Safety Consumer products Detection limits Diisononyl phthalate Dioctyl phthalate Endocrine disruptors Environmental Exposure Esters Esters - analysis Esters - chemistry Exposure Humans Mass spectrometry Monte Carlo simulation Phthalate esters Phthalates Phthalic Acids - analysis Phthalic Acids - chemistry Plasticizers - analysis Plasticizers - chemistry Polyvinyl chloride Republic of Korea Risk analysis Risk factors Scientific imaging Toys |
| title | Phthalate Plasticizers in Children's Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate |
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