Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are affordable and reliable green technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater. Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2020-11, Vol.17 (22), p.8339 |
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| creator | Rahman, Md Ekhlasur Bin Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Abd Samad, Mohd Yusoff Uddin, Md Kamal Mahmud, Khairil Abd Shukor, Mohd Yunus Sheikh Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Shamsuzzaman, S M |
| description | Constructed wetlands (CWs) are affordable and reliable green technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater. Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high potential for being applied in developing countries, particularly in small rural communities. However, the sustainable management and successful application of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, after briefly providing basic information on wetlands and summarizing the classification and use of current CWs, this study aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs' application and the recent development of their sustainable design, operation, and optimization for wastewater treatment. To accomplish this objective, thee design and management parameters of CWs, including macrophyte species, media types, water level, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR), are discussed. Besides these, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs are highlighted. This article provides a tool for researchers and decision-makers for using CWs to treat wastewater in a particular area. This paper presents an aid for informed analysis, decision-making, and communication. The review indicates that major advances in the design, operation, and optimization of CWs have greatly increased contaminant removal efficiencies, and the sustainable application of this treatment system has also been improved. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph17228339 |
| format | Article |
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Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high potential for being applied in developing countries, particularly in small rural communities. However, the sustainable management and successful application of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, after briefly providing basic information on wetlands and summarizing the classification and use of current CWs, this study aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs' application and the recent development of their sustainable design, operation, and optimization for wastewater treatment. To accomplish this objective, thee design and management parameters of CWs, including macrophyte species, media types, water level, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR), are discussed. Besides these, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs are highlighted. This article provides a tool for researchers and decision-makers for using CWs to treat wastewater in a particular area. This paper presents an aid for informed analysis, decision-making, and communication. The review indicates that major advances in the design, operation, and optimization of CWs have greatly increased contaminant removal efficiencies, and the sustainable application of this treatment system has also been improved.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228339</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33187288</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aquatic plants ; Artificial wetlands ; Chemical oxygen demand ; Clean technology ; Climate change ; Contaminants ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Decision making ; Design ; Design optimization ; Design parameters ; Developing countries ; Efficiency ; Environmental Pollutants - metabolism ; Experiments ; Hydraulic loading ; Hydraulic retention time ; LDCs ; Load distribution ; Loading rate ; Pollutant removal ; Pollutants ; Porous materials ; Retention time ; Review ; Rural areas ; Rural communities ; Sustainability ; Sustainable design ; Sustainable development ; Waste Disposal, Fluid - economics ; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods ; Waste Disposal, Fluid - standards ; Wastewater - analysis ; Wastewater treatment ; Water levels ; Water quality ; Water treatment ; Wetlands</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020-11, Vol.17 (22), p.8339</ispartof><rights>2020. 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Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high potential for being applied in developing countries, particularly in small rural communities. However, the sustainable management and successful application of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, after briefly providing basic information on wetlands and summarizing the classification and use of current CWs, this study aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs' application and the recent development of their sustainable design, operation, and optimization for wastewater treatment. To accomplish this objective, thee design and management parameters of CWs, including macrophyte species, media types, water level, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR), are discussed. Besides these, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs are highlighted. This article provides a tool for researchers and decision-makers for using CWs to treat wastewater in a particular area. This paper presents an aid for informed analysis, decision-making, and communication. The review indicates that major advances in the design, operation, and optimization of CWs have greatly increased contaminant removal efficiencies, and the sustainable application of this treatment system has also been improved.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33187288</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph17228339</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-8702</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-2114</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aquatic plants Artificial wetlands Chemical oxygen demand Clean technology Climate change Contaminants Costs and Cost Analysis Decision making Design Design optimization Design parameters Developing countries Efficiency Environmental Pollutants - metabolism Experiments Hydraulic loading Hydraulic retention time LDCs Load distribution Loading rate Pollutant removal Pollutants Porous materials Retention time Review Rural areas Rural communities Sustainability Sustainable design Sustainable development Waste Disposal, Fluid - economics Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods Waste Disposal, Fluid - standards Wastewater - analysis Wastewater treatment Water levels Water quality Water treatment Wetlands |
| title | Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant |
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