Induction of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Is a Major Event of FTY720-Mediated Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Glioma Cells
FTY720, a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, is a synthetic compound produced by the modification of a metabolite from I. sinclairii. Here, we found that FTY720 induced non-apoptotic cell death in human glioma cells (U251MG, U87MG, and U118MG). FTY720 (10 µM) dramatically induced cyto...
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description | FTY720, a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, is a synthetic compound produced by the modification of a metabolite from I. sinclairii. Here, we found that FTY720 induced non-apoptotic cell death in human glioma cells (U251MG, U87MG, and U118MG). FTY720 (10 µM) dramatically induced cytoplasmic vacuolation in glioma cells. However, FTY720-mediated vacuolation and cell death are not associated with autophagy. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of autophagy did not inhibit FTY720-induced cell death. Herein, we detected that FTY720-induced cytoplasmic vacuoles were stained with lysotracker red, and FTY720 induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Interestingly, cathepsin inhibitors (E64D and pepstatin A) and ectopic expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which is an endogenous inhibitor of LMP, markedly inhibited FTY720-induced cell death. Our results demonstrated that FTY720 induced non-apoptotic cell death via the induction of LMP in human glioma cells. |
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Here, we found that FTY720 induced non-apoptotic cell death in human glioma cells (U251MG, U87MG, and U118MG). FTY720 (10 µM) dramatically induced cytoplasmic vacuolation in glioma cells. However, FTY720-mediated vacuolation and cell death are not associated with autophagy. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of autophagy did not inhibit FTY720-induced cell death. Herein, we detected that FTY720-induced cytoplasmic vacuoles were stained with lysotracker red, and FTY720 induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Interestingly, cathepsin inhibitors (E64D and pepstatin A) and ectopic expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which is an endogenous inhibitor of LMP, markedly inhibited FTY720-induced cell death. Our results demonstrated that FTY720 induced non-apoptotic cell death via the induction of LMP in human glioma cells.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113388</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33207629</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cancer ; Cell death ; Ectopic expression ; FTY720 ; Glioma cells ; Gliomas ; Health aspects ; Heat shock proteins ; Hsp70 protein ; Kinases ; Metabolites ; Phagocytosis ; Physiological aspects ; Sphingosine 1-phosphate ; Vacuoles</subject><ispartof>Cancers, 2020-11, Vol.12 (11), p.3388</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c492t-d1cdce7443d42a39ba74cd745371ad35694b2bd111a3521f4af97b6c90af831d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c492t-d1cdce7443d42a39ba74cd745371ad35694b2bd111a3521f4af97b6c90af831d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1204-2059</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696845/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696845/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Min, Kyoung-jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwon, Taeg Kyu</creatorcontrib><title>Induction of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Is a Major Event of FTY720-Mediated Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Glioma Cells</title><title>Cancers</title><description>FTY720, a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, is a synthetic compound produced by the modification of a metabolite from I. sinclairii. 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Our results demonstrated that FTY720 induced non-apoptotic cell death via the induction of LMP in human glioma cells.</description><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Autophagy</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Ectopic expression</subject><subject>FTY720</subject><subject>Glioma cells</subject><subject>Gliomas</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Heat shock proteins</subject><subject>Hsp70 protein</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Phagocytosis</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Sphingosine 1-phosphate</subject><subject>Vacuoles</subject><issn>2072-6694</issn><issn>2072-6694</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkktvGyEUhVHVqoncrLtF6qabaXgZzKaS5eZhyW67SBddoTvAJFgz4MJMpHTbP17sRH2EDUjn45x74SL0lpIPnGtybiFanwtllHK-WLxAp4wo1kipxct_ziforJQdqYtzqqR6jU44r6pk-hT9Wkc32TGkiFOHNw8llTRAj7d-aDNEj7_6PHhoQx9-whFbFwx4C7uU8cW9j-Ph3uXNd8VIs_UuwOgd_pxis9yn_ZjGYPHK9z3-5GG8wyHi62mAiK_6UHOOUnmDXnXQF3_2tM_Qt8uLm9V1s_lytV4tN40Vmo2No9ZZr4TgTjDgugUlrFNizhUFx-e11Za1jlIKfM5oJ6DTqpVWE-gWnDo-Qx8fffdTO_jqFccMvdnnMEB-MAmC-V-J4c7cpnujpJaLmjND758Mcvox-TKaIRRbW6gPlaZimJBMEC0Fqei7Z-guTTnW9o6U1Fwx9pe6hd6bELtUc-3B1CylmBPG639V6vyRsjmVkn33p2RKzGESzLNJ4L8BU8yldQ</recordid><startdate>20201116</startdate><enddate>20201116</enddate><creator>Min, Kyoung-jin</creator><creator>Kwon, Taeg Kyu</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-2059</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201116</creationdate><title>Induction of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Is a Major Event of FTY720-Mediated Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Glioma Cells</title><author>Min, Kyoung-jin ; 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subjects | Apoptosis Autophagy Cancer Cell death Ectopic expression FTY720 Glioma cells Gliomas Health aspects Heat shock proteins Hsp70 protein Kinases Metabolites Phagocytosis Physiological aspects Sphingosine 1-phosphate Vacuoles |
title | Induction of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Is a Major Event of FTY720-Mediated Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Glioma Cells |
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