Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 spike (S) protein based vaccine candidates: State of the art and future prospects
Summary Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) which is responsible for a global pandemic that started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. To prevent the worldwide spread of this highly pathogenic virus, development of an effective and...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Reviews in medical virology 2021-05, Vol.31 (3), p.e2183-n/a |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | n/a |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | e2183 |
| container_title | Reviews in medical virology |
| container_volume | 31 |
| creator | Arashkia, Arash Jalilvand, Somayeh Mohajel, Nasir Afchangi, Atefeh Azadmanesh, Kayhan Salehi‐Vaziri, Mostafa Fazlalipour, Mehdi Pouriayevali, Mohammad Hassan Jalali, Tahmineh Mousavi Nasab, Seyed Dawood Roohvand, Farzin Shoja, Zabihollah |
| description | Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) which is responsible for a global pandemic that started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. To prevent the worldwide spread of this highly pathogenic virus, development of an effective and safe vaccine is urgently needed. The SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV share a high degree of genetic and pathologic identity and share safety and immune‐enhancement concerns regarding vaccine development. Prior animal studies with first generation (whole virus‐based) preparations of SARS‐CoV vaccines (inactivated and attenuated vaccine modalities) indicated the possibility of increased infectivity or eosinophilic infiltration by immunization. Therefore, development of second and third generation safer vaccines (by using modern vaccine platforms) is actively sought for this viral infection. The spike (S) protein of SARS‐CoVs is the main determinant of cell entry and tropism and is responsible for facilitating zoonosis into humans and sustained person‐to‐person transmission. Furthermore, ‘S’ protein contains multiple neutralizing epitopes that play an essential role in the induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and protective immunity. Moreover, T‐cell responses against the SARS‐CoV‐2 ‘S’ protein have also been characterized that correlate to the IgG and IgA antibody titres in Covid‐19 patients. Thus, S protein is an obvious candidate antigen for inclusion into vaccine platforms against SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection. This manuscript reviews different characteristics of S protein, its potency and ‘state of the art’ of the vaccine development strategies and platforms using this antigen, for construction of a safe and effective SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/rmv.2183 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7646037</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2490606327</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4663-afa62a364feaabddccc39e9b861377e456f99afaaaea96ffc5b4b64cfc206ffe3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kctu1TAQhiMEoqUg8QTIEpuySPEtTs0CCVXcpCIkDrC1Js6YuiRxsJ2gs2PDnmfkSfChpVwk5MV4NJ__mfFfVXcZPWKU8odxXI84OxbXqn1Gta6ZauT13b3hteat2qtupXROKStH3qz2hGi0bLXcr75ucMWIBOySkURMs4-QQ9yStJ36GEb8_uWbDTFMsPq4pJJxUqCPSA43D8gcQ0Y_kQ4S9mQFa_2ExMLU-x4ypkdkk0skwZF8VrrETEqNuCUvpWl5nWa0Od2ubjgYEt65jAfVu2dP3568qE9fP3958uS0tlIpUYMDxUEo6RCg63trrdCou2PFRNuibJTTukAACFo5Z5tOdkpaZzktKYqD6vGF7rx0I_YWpxxhMHP0I8StCeDN35XJn5kPYTWtkoqKtggcXgrE8GnBlM3ok8VhgAnDkgyXmiqqBN-h9_9Bz8MSp7Ke4Q1vZctYo34L2vIXKaK7GoZRs_PWFG_NztuC3vtz-Cvwl5kFqC-Az37A7X-FzJtX738K_gBHCbRh</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2527471156</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 spike (S) protein based vaccine candidates: State of the art and future prospects</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Arashkia, Arash ; Jalilvand, Somayeh ; Mohajel, Nasir ; Afchangi, Atefeh ; Azadmanesh, Kayhan ; Salehi‐Vaziri, Mostafa ; Fazlalipour, Mehdi ; Pouriayevali, Mohammad Hassan ; Jalali, Tahmineh ; Mousavi Nasab, Seyed Dawood ; Roohvand, Farzin ; Shoja, Zabihollah</creator><creatorcontrib>Arashkia, Arash ; Jalilvand, Somayeh ; Mohajel, Nasir ; Afchangi, Atefeh ; Azadmanesh, Kayhan ; Salehi‐Vaziri, Mostafa ; Fazlalipour, Mehdi ; Pouriayevali, Mohammad Hassan ; Jalali, Tahmineh ; Mousavi Nasab, Seyed Dawood ; Roohvand, Farzin ; Shoja, Zabihollah ; SARS CoV-2 Rapid Response Team of Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII) ; for the SARS CoV‐2 Rapid Response Team of Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII)</creatorcontrib><description>Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) which is responsible for a global pandemic that started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. To prevent the worldwide spread of this highly pathogenic virus, development of an effective and safe vaccine is urgently needed. The SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV share a high degree of genetic and pathologic identity and share safety and immune‐enhancement concerns regarding vaccine development. Prior animal studies with first generation (whole virus‐based) preparations of SARS‐CoV vaccines (inactivated and attenuated vaccine modalities) indicated the possibility of increased infectivity or eosinophilic infiltration by immunization. Therefore, development of second and third generation safer vaccines (by using modern vaccine platforms) is actively sought for this viral infection. The spike (S) protein of SARS‐CoVs is the main determinant of cell entry and tropism and is responsible for facilitating zoonosis into humans and sustained person‐to‐person transmission. Furthermore, ‘S’ protein contains multiple neutralizing epitopes that play an essential role in the induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and protective immunity. Moreover, T‐cell responses against the SARS‐CoV‐2 ‘S’ protein have also been characterized that correlate to the IgG and IgA antibody titres in Covid‐19 patients. Thus, S protein is an obvious candidate antigen for inclusion into vaccine platforms against SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection. This manuscript reviews different characteristics of S protein, its potency and ‘state of the art’ of the vaccine development strategies and platforms using this antigen, for construction of a safe and effective SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1052-9276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-1654</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2183</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33594794</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Periodicals Inc</publisher><subject>Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis ; Antigens ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Coronaviridae ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - immunology ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; COVID-19 - virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines - biosynthesis ; COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology ; Disease transmission ; Epitopes ; Genetic Vectors - chemistry ; Genetic Vectors - immunology ; Genome, Viral - immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate - drug effects ; Immunization ; Immunization Schedule ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infectivity ; Leukocytes (eosinophilic) ; Pandemics ; Patient Safety ; Proteins ; RBD ; Review ; Reviews ; SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity ; SARS‐CoV‐2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; spike ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology ; Tropism ; vaccine ; Vaccine development ; Vaccines ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Vaccines, DNA ; Vaccines, Subunit ; Viral infections</subject><ispartof>Reviews in medical virology, 2021-05, Vol.31 (3), p.e2183-n/a</ispartof><rights>2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4663-afa62a364feaabddccc39e9b861377e456f99afaaaea96ffc5b4b64cfc206ffe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4663-afa62a364feaabddccc39e9b861377e456f99afaaaea96ffc5b4b64cfc206ffe3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5617-5844 ; 0000-0001-6390-8399</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Frmv.2183$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Frmv.2183$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33594794$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Arashkia, Arash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jalilvand, Somayeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohajel, Nasir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afchangi, Atefeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azadmanesh, Kayhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salehi‐Vaziri, Mostafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fazlalipour, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pouriayevali, Mohammad Hassan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jalali, Tahmineh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mousavi Nasab, Seyed Dawood</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roohvand, Farzin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shoja, Zabihollah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SARS CoV-2 Rapid Response Team of Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the SARS CoV‐2 Rapid Response Team of Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII)</creatorcontrib><title>Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 spike (S) protein based vaccine candidates: State of the art and future prospects</title><title>Reviews in medical virology</title><addtitle>Rev Med Virol</addtitle><description>Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) which is responsible for a global pandemic that started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. To prevent the worldwide spread of this highly pathogenic virus, development of an effective and safe vaccine is urgently needed. The SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV share a high degree of genetic and pathologic identity and share safety and immune‐enhancement concerns regarding vaccine development. Prior animal studies with first generation (whole virus‐based) preparations of SARS‐CoV vaccines (inactivated and attenuated vaccine modalities) indicated the possibility of increased infectivity or eosinophilic infiltration by immunization. Therefore, development of second and third generation safer vaccines (by using modern vaccine platforms) is actively sought for this viral infection. The spike (S) protein of SARS‐CoVs is the main determinant of cell entry and tropism and is responsible for facilitating zoonosis into humans and sustained person‐to‐person transmission. Furthermore, ‘S’ protein contains multiple neutralizing epitopes that play an essential role in the induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and protective immunity. Moreover, T‐cell responses against the SARS‐CoV‐2 ‘S’ protein have also been characterized that correlate to the IgG and IgA antibody titres in Covid‐19 patients. Thus, S protein is an obvious candidate antigen for inclusion into vaccine platforms against SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection. This manuscript reviews different characteristics of S protein, its potency and ‘state of the art’ of the vaccine development strategies and platforms using this antigen, for construction of a safe and effective SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine.</description><subject>Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Clinical Trials as Topic</subject><subject>Coronaviridae</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - immunology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention & control</subject><subject>COVID-19 - virology</subject><subject>COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage</subject><subject>COVID-19 Vaccines - biosynthesis</subject><subject>COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Epitopes</subject><subject>Genetic Vectors - chemistry</subject><subject>Genetic Vectors - immunology</subject><subject>Genome, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunity, Innate - drug effects</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Immunization Schedule</subject><subject>Immunogenicity, Vaccine</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin A</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Infectivity</subject><subject>Leukocytes (eosinophilic)</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Patient Safety</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>RBD</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - immunology</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity</subject><subject>SARS‐CoV‐2</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>spike</subject><subject>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry</subject><subject>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics</subject><subject>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology</subject><subject>Tropism</subject><subject>vaccine</subject><subject>Vaccine development</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Vaccines, Attenuated</subject><subject>Vaccines, DNA</subject><subject>Vaccines, Subunit</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><issn>1052-9276</issn><issn>1099-1654</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kctu1TAQhiMEoqUg8QTIEpuySPEtTs0CCVXcpCIkDrC1Js6YuiRxsJ2gs2PDnmfkSfChpVwk5MV4NJ__mfFfVXcZPWKU8odxXI84OxbXqn1Gta6ZauT13b3hteat2qtupXROKStH3qz2hGi0bLXcr75ucMWIBOySkURMs4-QQ9yStJ36GEb8_uWbDTFMsPq4pJJxUqCPSA43D8gcQ0Y_kQ4S9mQFa_2ExMLU-x4ypkdkk0skwZF8VrrETEqNuCUvpWl5nWa0Od2ubjgYEt65jAfVu2dP3568qE9fP3958uS0tlIpUYMDxUEo6RCg63trrdCou2PFRNuibJTTukAACFo5Z5tOdkpaZzktKYqD6vGF7rx0I_YWpxxhMHP0I8StCeDN35XJn5kPYTWtkoqKtggcXgrE8GnBlM3ok8VhgAnDkgyXmiqqBN-h9_9Bz8MSp7Ke4Q1vZctYo34L2vIXKaK7GoZRs_PWFG_NztuC3vtz-Cvwl5kFqC-Az37A7X-FzJtX738K_gBHCbRh</recordid><startdate>202105</startdate><enddate>202105</enddate><creator>Arashkia, Arash</creator><creator>Jalilvand, Somayeh</creator><creator>Mohajel, Nasir</creator><creator>Afchangi, Atefeh</creator><creator>Azadmanesh, Kayhan</creator><creator>Salehi‐Vaziri, Mostafa</creator><creator>Fazlalipour, Mehdi</creator><creator>Pouriayevali, Mohammad Hassan</creator><creator>Jalali, Tahmineh</creator><creator>Mousavi Nasab, Seyed Dawood</creator><creator>Roohvand, Farzin</creator><creator>Shoja, Zabihollah</creator><general>Wiley Periodicals Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-5844</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6390-8399</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202105</creationdate><title>Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 spike (S) protein based vaccine candidates: State of the art and future prospects</title><author>Arashkia, Arash ; Jalilvand, Somayeh ; Mohajel, Nasir ; Afchangi, Atefeh ; Azadmanesh, Kayhan ; Salehi‐Vaziri, Mostafa ; Fazlalipour, Mehdi ; Pouriayevali, Mohammad Hassan ; Jalali, Tahmineh ; Mousavi Nasab, Seyed Dawood ; Roohvand, Farzin ; Shoja, Zabihollah</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4663-afa62a364feaabddccc39e9b861377e456f99afaaaea96ffc5b4b64cfc206ffe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Clinical Trials as Topic</topic><topic>Coronaviridae</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - immunology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - prevention & control</topic><topic>COVID-19 - virology</topic><topic>COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage</topic><topic>COVID-19 Vaccines - biosynthesis</topic><topic>COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Epitopes</topic><topic>Genetic Vectors - chemistry</topic><topic>Genetic Vectors - immunology</topic><topic>Genome, Viral - immunology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunity, Innate - drug effects</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Immunization Schedule</topic><topic>Immunogenicity, Vaccine</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin A</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G</topic><topic>Infectivity</topic><topic>Leukocytes (eosinophilic)</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Patient Safety</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>RBD</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Reviews</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - immunology</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity</topic><topic>SARS‐CoV‐2</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>spike</topic><topic>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry</topic><topic>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics</topic><topic>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology</topic><topic>Tropism</topic><topic>vaccine</topic><topic>Vaccine development</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Vaccines, Attenuated</topic><topic>Vaccines, DNA</topic><topic>Vaccines, Subunit</topic><topic>Viral infections</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Arashkia, Arash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jalilvand, Somayeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohajel, Nasir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afchangi, Atefeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azadmanesh, Kayhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salehi‐Vaziri, Mostafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fazlalipour, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pouriayevali, Mohammad Hassan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jalali, Tahmineh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mousavi Nasab, Seyed Dawood</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roohvand, Farzin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shoja, Zabihollah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SARS CoV-2 Rapid Response Team of Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the SARS CoV‐2 Rapid Response Team of Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII)</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Reviews in medical virology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Arashkia, Arash</au><au>Jalilvand, Somayeh</au><au>Mohajel, Nasir</au><au>Afchangi, Atefeh</au><au>Azadmanesh, Kayhan</au><au>Salehi‐Vaziri, Mostafa</au><au>Fazlalipour, Mehdi</au><au>Pouriayevali, Mohammad Hassan</au><au>Jalali, Tahmineh</au><au>Mousavi Nasab, Seyed Dawood</au><au>Roohvand, Farzin</au><au>Shoja, Zabihollah</au><aucorp>SARS CoV-2 Rapid Response Team of Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII)</aucorp><aucorp>for the SARS CoV‐2 Rapid Response Team of Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 spike (S) protein based vaccine candidates: State of the art and future prospects</atitle><jtitle>Reviews in medical virology</jtitle><addtitle>Rev Med Virol</addtitle><date>2021-05</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e2183</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>e2183-n/a</pages><issn>1052-9276</issn><eissn>1099-1654</eissn><abstract>Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) which is responsible for a global pandemic that started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. To prevent the worldwide spread of this highly pathogenic virus, development of an effective and safe vaccine is urgently needed. The SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV share a high degree of genetic and pathologic identity and share safety and immune‐enhancement concerns regarding vaccine development. Prior animal studies with first generation (whole virus‐based) preparations of SARS‐CoV vaccines (inactivated and attenuated vaccine modalities) indicated the possibility of increased infectivity or eosinophilic infiltration by immunization. Therefore, development of second and third generation safer vaccines (by using modern vaccine platforms) is actively sought for this viral infection. The spike (S) protein of SARS‐CoVs is the main determinant of cell entry and tropism and is responsible for facilitating zoonosis into humans and sustained person‐to‐person transmission. Furthermore, ‘S’ protein contains multiple neutralizing epitopes that play an essential role in the induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and protective immunity. Moreover, T‐cell responses against the SARS‐CoV‐2 ‘S’ protein have also been characterized that correlate to the IgG and IgA antibody titres in Covid‐19 patients. Thus, S protein is an obvious candidate antigen for inclusion into vaccine platforms against SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection. This manuscript reviews different characteristics of S protein, its potency and ‘state of the art’ of the vaccine development strategies and platforms using this antigen, for construction of a safe and effective SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Periodicals Inc</pub><pmid>33594794</pmid><doi>10.1002/rmv.2183</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-5844</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6390-8399</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1052-9276 |
| ispartof | Reviews in medical virology, 2021-05, Vol.31 (3), p.e2183-n/a |
| issn | 1052-9276 1099-1654 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7646037 |
| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis Antigens Clinical Trials as Topic Coronaviridae Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 - prevention & control COVID-19 - virology COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage COVID-19 Vaccines - biosynthesis COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology Disease transmission Epitopes Genetic Vectors - chemistry Genetic Vectors - immunology Genome, Viral - immunology Humans Immunity, Innate - drug effects Immunization Immunization Schedule Immunogenicity, Vaccine Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin G Infectivity Leukocytes (eosinophilic) Pandemics Patient Safety Proteins RBD Review Reviews SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects SARS-CoV-2 - immunology SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity SARS‐CoV‐2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology Tropism vaccine Vaccine development Vaccines Vaccines, Attenuated Vaccines, DNA Vaccines, Subunit Viral infections |
| title | Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 spike (S) protein based vaccine candidates: State of the art and future prospects |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-02T22%3A44%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Severe%20acute%20respiratory%20syndrome%E2%80%90coronavirus%E2%80%902%20spike%20(S)%20protein%20based%20vaccine%20candidates:%20State%20of%20the%20art%20and%20future%20prospects&rft.jtitle=Reviews%20in%20medical%20virology&rft.au=Arashkia,%20Arash&rft.aucorp=SARS%20CoV-2%20Rapid%20Response%20Team%20of%20Pasteur%20Institute%20of%20Iran%20(PII)&rft.date=2021-05&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e2183&rft.epage=n/a&rft.pages=e2183-n/a&rft.issn=1052-9276&rft.eissn=1099-1654&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/rmv.2183&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2490606327%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2527471156&rft_id=info:pmid/33594794&rfr_iscdi=true |