Detection and quantification of Covid-19 antiviral drugs in biological fluids and tissues
Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as a fast-spreading pandemic, causing a huge number of deaths worldwide, several therapeutic options have been tested to counteract or reduce the clinical symptoms of patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co...
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description | Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as a fast-spreading pandemic, causing a huge number of deaths worldwide, several therapeutic options have been tested to counteract or reduce the clinical symptoms of patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, no specific drugs for COVID-19 are available, but many antiviral agents have been authorised by several national agencies. Most of them are under investigation in both preclinical and clinical trials; however, pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies are needed to identify the most suitable dose to achieve the desired effect on SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the efforts of the scientific community have focused on the screening of therapies able to counteract the most severe effects of the infection, as well as on the search of sensitive and selective analytical methods for drug detection in biological matrices, both fluids and tissues. In the last decade, many analytical methods have been proposed for the detection and quantification of antiviral compounds currently being tested for COVID-19 treatment. In this review, a critical discussion on the overall analytical procedure is provided, i.e (a) sample pre-treatment and extraction methods such as protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe), (b) detection and quantification methods such as potentiometry, spectrofluorimetry and mass spectrometry (MS) as well as (c) methods including a preliminary separation step, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to UV–Vis or MS detection. Further current trends, advantages and disadvantages and prospects of these methods have been discussed, to help the analytical advances in reducing the harm caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
[Display omitted]
•Fourteen antiviral drugs were tested to counteract the effects of COVID-19.•A review of analytical methods for antivirals detection is presented.•Method validation, drugs extraction, separation and detection are discussed.•LC-MS and MS/MS is mostly used for accurate and sensitive drugs quantification. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121862 |
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[Display omitted]
•Fourteen antiviral drugs were tested to counteract the effects of COVID-19.•A review of analytical methods for antivirals detection is presented.•Method validation, drugs extraction, separation and detection are discussed.•LC-MS and MS/MS is mostly used for accurate and sensitive drugs quantification.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0039-9140</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1873-3573</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3573</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121862</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33379073</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Analytical methods ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents - analysis ; Antiviral Agents - chemistry ; Antiviral Agents - isolation & purification ; Antivirals ; Biological matrices ; Chemical Fractionation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Humans ; Liquid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Pandemics ; Review ; SARS-CoV-2 ; SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry</subject><ispartof>Talanta (Oxford), 2021-03, Vol.224, p.121862-121862, Article 121862</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2020 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-eb1a8ef984f0d26f32e79d7a81cce2216f9d768c3383b61522086652063018933</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-eb1a8ef984f0d26f32e79d7a81cce2216f9d768c3383b61522086652063018933</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9698-2007 ; 0000-0002-0063-659X ; 0000-0001-6103-8860 ; 0000-0002-3716-2666 ; 0000-0001-9427-2274</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121862$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33379073$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Acquavia, Maria A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foti, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pascale, Raffaella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nicolò, Antonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brancaleone, Vincenzo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cataldi, Tommaso R.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martelli, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scrano, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bianco, Giuliana</creatorcontrib><title>Detection and quantification of Covid-19 antiviral drugs in biological fluids and tissues</title><title>Talanta (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Talanta</addtitle><description>Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as a fast-spreading pandemic, causing a huge number of deaths worldwide, several therapeutic options have been tested to counteract or reduce the clinical symptoms of patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, no specific drugs for COVID-19 are available, but many antiviral agents have been authorised by several national agencies. Most of them are under investigation in both preclinical and clinical trials; however, pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies are needed to identify the most suitable dose to achieve the desired effect on SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the efforts of the scientific community have focused on the screening of therapies able to counteract the most severe effects of the infection, as well as on the search of sensitive and selective analytical methods for drug detection in biological matrices, both fluids and tissues. In the last decade, many analytical methods have been proposed for the detection and quantification of antiviral compounds currently being tested for COVID-19 treatment. In this review, a critical discussion on the overall analytical procedure is provided, i.e (a) sample pre-treatment and extraction methods such as protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe), (b) detection and quantification methods such as potentiometry, spectrofluorimetry and mass spectrometry (MS) as well as (c) methods including a preliminary separation step, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to UV–Vis or MS detection. Further current trends, advantages and disadvantages and prospects of these methods have been discussed, to help the analytical advances in reducing the harm caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
[Display omitted]
•Fourteen antiviral drugs were tested to counteract the effects of COVID-19.•A review of analytical methods for antivirals detection is presented.•Method validation, drugs extraction, separation and detection are discussed.•LC-MS and MS/MS is mostly used for accurate and sensitive drugs quantification.</description><subject>Analytical methods</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - analysis</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Antivirals</subject><subject>Biological matrices</subject><subject>Chemical Fractionation</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 Drug Treatment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</subject><issn>0039-9140</issn><issn>1873-3573</issn><issn>1873-3573</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctu2zAQRYmiQeOk_YQWWnYjhw-JpDYJAucJBOimXXRF0OTQHUMWE1IykL8PHbtBuuqK4MydOxdzCPnK6JxRJs_W89H2dhjtnFNeapxpyT-QGdNK1KJV4iOZUSq6umMNPSYnOa8ppVxQ8YkcCyFUR5WYkd9XMIIbMQ6VHXz1NBVLDOjsaymGahG36GvWVbvGFpPtK5-mVa5wqJYY-7gq4r4K_YQ-v3qMmPME-TM5CrbP8OXwnpJfN9c_F3f1w4_b-8XlQ-0aqcYalsxqCJ1uAvVcBsFBdV5ZzZwDzpkM5Se1E0KLpWQt51RL2XIqBWW6E-KUnO99H6flBryDYSwhzWPCjU3PJlo0_3YG_GNWcWuUbLhqZTH4fjBI8akEH80Gs4O-XBfilA1vVNN0mqmmSNu91KWYc4LwtoZRs8Ni1uaAxeywmD2WMvftfca3qb8ciuBiL4ByqS1CMtkhDA48poLH-Ij_WfEC0iChiQ</recordid><startdate>20210301</startdate><enddate>20210301</enddate><creator>Acquavia, Maria A.</creator><creator>Foti, Luca</creator><creator>Pascale, Raffaella</creator><creator>Nicolò, Antonia</creator><creator>Brancaleone, Vincenzo</creator><creator>Cataldi, Tommaso R.I.</creator><creator>Martelli, Giuseppe</creator><creator>Scrano, Laura</creator><creator>Bianco, Giuliana</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-2007</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0063-659X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6103-8860</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3716-2666</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9427-2274</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210301</creationdate><title>Detection and quantification of Covid-19 antiviral drugs in biological fluids and tissues</title><author>Acquavia, Maria A. ; Foti, Luca ; Pascale, Raffaella ; Nicolò, Antonia ; Brancaleone, Vincenzo ; Cataldi, Tommaso R.I. ; Martelli, Giuseppe ; Scrano, Laura ; Bianco, Giuliana</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-eb1a8ef984f0d26f32e79d7a81cce2216f9d768c3383b61522086652063018933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Analytical methods</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - analysis</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Antivirals</topic><topic>Biological matrices</topic><topic>Chemical Fractionation</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>COVID-19 Drug Treatment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects</topic><topic>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Acquavia, Maria A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foti, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pascale, Raffaella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nicolò, Antonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brancaleone, Vincenzo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cataldi, Tommaso R.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martelli, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scrano, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bianco, Giuliana</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Talanta (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Acquavia, Maria A.</au><au>Foti, Luca</au><au>Pascale, Raffaella</au><au>Nicolò, Antonia</au><au>Brancaleone, Vincenzo</au><au>Cataldi, Tommaso R.I.</au><au>Martelli, Giuseppe</au><au>Scrano, Laura</au><au>Bianco, Giuliana</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Detection and quantification of Covid-19 antiviral drugs in biological fluids and tissues</atitle><jtitle>Talanta (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Talanta</addtitle><date>2021-03-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>224</volume><spage>121862</spage><epage>121862</epage><pages>121862-121862</pages><artnum>121862</artnum><issn>0039-9140</issn><issn>1873-3573</issn><eissn>1873-3573</eissn><abstract>Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as a fast-spreading pandemic, causing a huge number of deaths worldwide, several therapeutic options have been tested to counteract or reduce the clinical symptoms of patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, no specific drugs for COVID-19 are available, but many antiviral agents have been authorised by several national agencies. Most of them are under investigation in both preclinical and clinical trials; however, pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies are needed to identify the most suitable dose to achieve the desired effect on SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the efforts of the scientific community have focused on the screening of therapies able to counteract the most severe effects of the infection, as well as on the search of sensitive and selective analytical methods for drug detection in biological matrices, both fluids and tissues. In the last decade, many analytical methods have been proposed for the detection and quantification of antiviral compounds currently being tested for COVID-19 treatment. In this review, a critical discussion on the overall analytical procedure is provided, i.e (a) sample pre-treatment and extraction methods such as protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe), (b) detection and quantification methods such as potentiometry, spectrofluorimetry and mass spectrometry (MS) as well as (c) methods including a preliminary separation step, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to UV–Vis or MS detection. Further current trends, advantages and disadvantages and prospects of these methods have been discussed, to help the analytical advances in reducing the harm caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
[Display omitted]
•Fourteen antiviral drugs were tested to counteract the effects of COVID-19.•A review of analytical methods for antivirals detection is presented.•Method validation, drugs extraction, separation and detection are discussed.•LC-MS and MS/MS is mostly used for accurate and sensitive drugs quantification.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>33379073</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121862</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-2007</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0063-659X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6103-8860</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3716-2666</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9427-2274</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Analytical methods Animals Antiviral Agents - analysis Antiviral Agents - chemistry Antiviral Agents - isolation & purification Antivirals Biological matrices Chemical Fractionation Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 Drug Treatment Humans Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Pandemics Review SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
title | Detection and quantification of Covid-19 antiviral drugs in biological fluids and tissues |
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