Elicitation of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2

A safe, effective, and scalable vaccine is needed to halt the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We describe the structure-based design of self-assembling protein nanoparticle immunogens that elicit potent and protective antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. The nanoparticle vaccines display 60 S...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cell 2020-11, Vol.183 (5), p.1367-1382.e17
Hauptverfasser: Walls, Alexandra C., Fiala, Brooke, Schäfer, Alexandra, Wrenn, Samuel, Pham, Minh N., Murphy, Michael, Tse, Longping V., Shehata, Laila, O’Connor, Megan A., Chen, Chengbo, Navarro, Mary Jane, Miranda, Marcos C., Pettie, Deleah, Ravichandran, Rashmi, Kraft, John C., Ogohara, Cassandra, Palser, Anne, Chalk, Sara, Lee, E-Chiang, Guerriero, Kathryn, Kepl, Elizabeth, Chow, Cameron M., Sydeman, Claire, Hodge, Edgar A., Brown, Brieann, Fuller, Jim T., Dinnon, Kenneth H., Gralinski, Lisa E., Leist, Sarah R., Gully, Kendra L., Lewis, Thomas B., Guttman, Miklos, Chu, Helen Y., Lee, Kelly K., Fuller, Deborah H., Baric, Ralph S., Kellam, Paul, Carter, Lauren, Pepper, Marion, Sheahan, Timothy P., Veesler, David, King, Neil P.
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container_end_page 1382.e17
container_issue 5
container_start_page 1367
container_title Cell
container_volume 183
creator Walls, Alexandra C.
Fiala, Brooke
Schäfer, Alexandra
Wrenn, Samuel
Pham, Minh N.
Murphy, Michael
Tse, Longping V.
Shehata, Laila
O’Connor, Megan A.
Chen, Chengbo
Navarro, Mary Jane
Miranda, Marcos C.
Pettie, Deleah
Ravichandran, Rashmi
Kraft, John C.
Ogohara, Cassandra
Palser, Anne
Chalk, Sara
Lee, E-Chiang
Guerriero, Kathryn
Kepl, Elizabeth
Chow, Cameron M.
Sydeman, Claire
Hodge, Edgar A.
Brown, Brieann
Fuller, Jim T.
Dinnon, Kenneth H.
Gralinski, Lisa E.
Leist, Sarah R.
Gully, Kendra L.
Lewis, Thomas B.
Guttman, Miklos
Chu, Helen Y.
Lee, Kelly K.
Fuller, Deborah H.
Baric, Ralph S.
Kellam, Paul
Carter, Lauren
Pepper, Marion
Sheahan, Timothy P.
Veesler, David
King, Neil P.
description A safe, effective, and scalable vaccine is needed to halt the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We describe the structure-based design of self-assembling protein nanoparticle immunogens that elicit potent and protective antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. The nanoparticle vaccines display 60 SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) in a highly immunogenic array and induce neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike despite a 5-fold lower dose. Antibodies elicited by the RBD nanoparticles target multiple distinct epitopes, suggesting they may not be easily susceptible to escape mutations, and exhibit a lower binding:neutralizing ratio than convalescent human sera, which may minimize the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. The high yield and stability of the assembled nanoparticles suggest that manufacture of the nanoparticle vaccines will be highly scalable. These results highlight the utility of robust antigen display platforms and have launched cGMP manufacturing efforts to advance the SARS-CoV-2-RBD nanoparticle vaccine into the clinic. [Display omitted] •Two-component nanoparticle platform enabled rapid generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines•The RBD-nanoparticle vaccines elicit potent neutralizing antibody responses•Nanoparticle vaccine-elicited antibodies target multiple non-overlapping epitopes•The lead nanoparticle vaccine candidate is being manufactured for clinical trials Walls et al. describe a potential nanoparticle vaccine for COVID-19, made of a self-assembling protein nanoparticle displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain in a highly immunogenic array reminiscent of the natural virus. Their nanoparticle vaccine candidate elicits a diverse, potent, and protective antibody response, including neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike ectodomain trimer.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.043
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We describe the structure-based design of self-assembling protein nanoparticle immunogens that elicit potent and protective antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. The nanoparticle vaccines display 60 SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) in a highly immunogenic array and induce neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike despite a 5-fold lower dose. Antibodies elicited by the RBD nanoparticles target multiple distinct epitopes, suggesting they may not be easily susceptible to escape mutations, and exhibit a lower binding:neutralizing ratio than convalescent human sera, which may minimize the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. The high yield and stability of the assembled nanoparticles suggest that manufacture of the nanoparticle vaccines will be highly scalable. These results highlight the utility of robust antigen display platforms and have launched cGMP manufacturing efforts to advance the SARS-CoV-2-RBD nanoparticle vaccine into the clinic. [Display omitted] •Two-component nanoparticle platform enabled rapid generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines•The RBD-nanoparticle vaccines elicit potent neutralizing antibody responses•Nanoparticle vaccine-elicited antibodies target multiple non-overlapping epitopes•The lead nanoparticle vaccine candidate is being manufactured for clinical trials Walls et al. describe a potential nanoparticle vaccine for COVID-19, made of a self-assembling protein nanoparticle displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain in a highly immunogenic array reminiscent of the natural virus. Their nanoparticle vaccine candidate elicits a diverse, potent, and protective antibody response, including neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike ectodomain trimer.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0092-8674</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-4172</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.043</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33160446</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology ; Antibodies, Viral - immunology ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Cohort Studies ; computational protein design ; COVID-19 - prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 - virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology ; Epitopes - immunology ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Macaca nemestrina ; Male ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Middle Aged ; nanoparticle ; Nanoparticles - chemistry ; protein ; Protein Domains - immunology ; RBD ; SARS-CoV-2 ; SARS-CoV-2 - genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology ; Vaccination ; vaccine ; Vero Cells ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Cell, 2020-11, Vol.183 (5), p.1367-1382.e17</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 The Authors. 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We describe the structure-based design of self-assembling protein nanoparticle immunogens that elicit potent and protective antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. The nanoparticle vaccines display 60 SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) in a highly immunogenic array and induce neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike despite a 5-fold lower dose. Antibodies elicited by the RBD nanoparticles target multiple distinct epitopes, suggesting they may not be easily susceptible to escape mutations, and exhibit a lower binding:neutralizing ratio than convalescent human sera, which may minimize the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. The high yield and stability of the assembled nanoparticles suggest that manufacture of the nanoparticle vaccines will be highly scalable. These results highlight the utility of robust antigen display platforms and have launched cGMP manufacturing efforts to advance the SARS-CoV-2-RBD nanoparticle vaccine into the clinic. [Display omitted] •Two-component nanoparticle platform enabled rapid generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines•The RBD-nanoparticle vaccines elicit potent neutralizing antibody responses•Nanoparticle vaccine-elicited antibodies target multiple non-overlapping epitopes•The lead nanoparticle vaccine candidate is being manufactured for clinical trials Walls et al. describe a potential nanoparticle vaccine for COVID-19, made of a self-assembling protein nanoparticle displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain in a highly immunogenic array reminiscent of the natural virus. Their nanoparticle vaccine candidate elicits a diverse, potent, and protective antibody response, including neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike ectodomain trimer.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Chlorocebus aethiops</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>computational protein design</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention &amp; control</subject><subject>COVID-19 - virology</subject><subject>COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology</subject><subject>Epitopes - immunology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>HEK293 Cells</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Macaca nemestrina</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>nanoparticle</subject><subject>Nanoparticles - chemistry</subject><subject>protein</subject><subject>Protein Domains - immunology</subject><subject>RBD</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - genetics</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - immunology</subject><subject>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry</subject><subject>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology</subject><subject>Vaccination</subject><subject>vaccine</subject><subject>Vero Cells</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0092-8674</issn><issn>1097-4172</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kF9LHDEUxYNUdLV-gT6UfIFZk8wkMwOlsGytCmJFq68hf-5ss4zJkkRh_fRm2Crti08X7j3nXM4PoS-UzCmh4nQ9NzCOc0bYtJiTpt5DM0r6tmpoyz6hGSE9qzrRNofoKKU1IaTjnB-gw7qmgjSNmCF_NjrjssoueBwGfBMy-Iyv4SlHNboX51d44bPTwW7xLaRN8AkS1lv8A5JbebD4JhaP8_ha-bBRMTszAn5QxjhflEOI-G5xe1ctw0PFPqP9QY0JTv7OY3T_8-z38qK6-nV-uVxcVYYTkiulidF8sI3q-dATEEpTW1NFOy2YUlZrOzSc9VCTch36RoiWt9pyYIx2namP0fdd7uZJP4I1pVOpIzfRPaq4lUE5-f_Fuz9yFZ5lW7jQWpQAtgswMaQUYXj3UiIn-nItJ_pyoj_tCv1i-vrv13fLG-4i-LYTQOn-7CDKZBx4A9ZFMFna4D7KfwWWypkS</recordid><startdate>20201125</startdate><enddate>20201125</enddate><creator>Walls, Alexandra C.</creator><creator>Fiala, Brooke</creator><creator>Schäfer, Alexandra</creator><creator>Wrenn, Samuel</creator><creator>Pham, Minh N.</creator><creator>Murphy, Michael</creator><creator>Tse, Longping V.</creator><creator>Shehata, Laila</creator><creator>O’Connor, Megan A.</creator><creator>Chen, Chengbo</creator><creator>Navarro, Mary Jane</creator><creator>Miranda, Marcos C.</creator><creator>Pettie, Deleah</creator><creator>Ravichandran, Rashmi</creator><creator>Kraft, John C.</creator><creator>Ogohara, Cassandra</creator><creator>Palser, Anne</creator><creator>Chalk, Sara</creator><creator>Lee, E-Chiang</creator><creator>Guerriero, Kathryn</creator><creator>Kepl, Elizabeth</creator><creator>Chow, Cameron M.</creator><creator>Sydeman, Claire</creator><creator>Hodge, Edgar A.</creator><creator>Brown, Brieann</creator><creator>Fuller, Jim T.</creator><creator>Dinnon, Kenneth H.</creator><creator>Gralinski, Lisa E.</creator><creator>Leist, Sarah R.</creator><creator>Gully, Kendra L.</creator><creator>Lewis, Thomas B.</creator><creator>Guttman, Miklos</creator><creator>Chu, Helen Y.</creator><creator>Lee, Kelly K.</creator><creator>Fuller, Deborah H.</creator><creator>Baric, Ralph S.</creator><creator>Kellam, Paul</creator><creator>Carter, Lauren</creator><creator>Pepper, Marion</creator><creator>Sheahan, Timothy P.</creator><creator>Veesler, David</creator><creator>King, Neil P.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Cell Press</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20201125</creationdate><title>Elicitation of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2</title><author>Walls, Alexandra C. ; Fiala, Brooke ; Schäfer, Alexandra ; Wrenn, Samuel ; Pham, Minh N. ; Murphy, Michael ; Tse, Longping V. ; Shehata, Laila ; O’Connor, Megan A. ; Chen, Chengbo ; Navarro, Mary Jane ; Miranda, Marcos C. ; Pettie, Deleah ; Ravichandran, Rashmi ; Kraft, John C. ; Ogohara, Cassandra ; Palser, Anne ; Chalk, Sara ; Lee, E-Chiang ; Guerriero, Kathryn ; Kepl, Elizabeth ; Chow, Cameron M. ; Sydeman, Claire ; Hodge, Edgar A. ; Brown, Brieann ; Fuller, Jim T. ; Dinnon, Kenneth H. ; Gralinski, Lisa E. ; Leist, Sarah R. ; Gully, Kendra L. ; Lewis, Thomas B. ; Guttman, Miklos ; Chu, Helen Y. ; Lee, Kelly K. ; Fuller, Deborah H. ; Baric, Ralph S. ; Kellam, Paul ; Carter, Lauren ; Pepper, Marion ; Sheahan, Timothy P. ; Veesler, David ; King, Neil P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-ab0cb5fd4a95f90e6ab1d31a18b62aadbbdf4529e3090ef9466757bd5e22188c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</topic><topic>Chlorocebus aethiops</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>computational protein design</topic><topic>COVID-19 - prevention &amp; control</topic><topic>COVID-19 - virology</topic><topic>COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology</topic><topic>Epitopes - immunology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>HEK293 Cells</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Macaca nemestrina</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>nanoparticle</topic><topic>Nanoparticles - chemistry</topic><topic>protein</topic><topic>Protein Domains - immunology</topic><topic>RBD</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - genetics</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - immunology</topic><topic>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry</topic><topic>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology</topic><topic>Vaccination</topic><topic>vaccine</topic><topic>Vero Cells</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Walls, Alexandra C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiala, Brooke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schäfer, Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wrenn, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pham, Minh N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tse, Longping V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shehata, Laila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O’Connor, Megan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chengbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Navarro, Mary Jane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miranda, Marcos C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pettie, Deleah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ravichandran, Rashmi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraft, John C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogohara, Cassandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palser, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chalk, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, E-Chiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guerriero, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kepl, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chow, Cameron M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sydeman, Claire</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hodge, Edgar A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Brieann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuller, Jim T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dinnon, Kenneth H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gralinski, Lisa E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leist, Sarah R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gully, Kendra L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Thomas B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guttman, Miklos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chu, Helen Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Kelly K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuller, Deborah H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baric, Ralph S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kellam, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carter, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pepper, Marion</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheahan, Timothy P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veesler, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>King, Neil P.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Cell</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Walls, Alexandra C.</au><au>Fiala, Brooke</au><au>Schäfer, Alexandra</au><au>Wrenn, Samuel</au><au>Pham, Minh N.</au><au>Murphy, Michael</au><au>Tse, Longping V.</au><au>Shehata, Laila</au><au>O’Connor, Megan A.</au><au>Chen, Chengbo</au><au>Navarro, Mary Jane</au><au>Miranda, Marcos C.</au><au>Pettie, Deleah</au><au>Ravichandran, Rashmi</au><au>Kraft, John C.</au><au>Ogohara, Cassandra</au><au>Palser, Anne</au><au>Chalk, Sara</au><au>Lee, E-Chiang</au><au>Guerriero, Kathryn</au><au>Kepl, Elizabeth</au><au>Chow, Cameron M.</au><au>Sydeman, Claire</au><au>Hodge, Edgar A.</au><au>Brown, Brieann</au><au>Fuller, Jim T.</au><au>Dinnon, Kenneth H.</au><au>Gralinski, Lisa E.</au><au>Leist, Sarah R.</au><au>Gully, Kendra L.</au><au>Lewis, Thomas B.</au><au>Guttman, Miklos</au><au>Chu, Helen Y.</au><au>Lee, Kelly K.</au><au>Fuller, Deborah H.</au><au>Baric, Ralph S.</au><au>Kellam, Paul</au><au>Carter, Lauren</au><au>Pepper, Marion</au><au>Sheahan, Timothy P.</au><au>Veesler, David</au><au>King, Neil P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Elicitation of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2</atitle><jtitle>Cell</jtitle><addtitle>Cell</addtitle><date>2020-11-25</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>183</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1367</spage><epage>1382.e17</epage><pages>1367-1382.e17</pages><issn>0092-8674</issn><eissn>1097-4172</eissn><abstract>A safe, effective, and scalable vaccine is needed to halt the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We describe the structure-based design of self-assembling protein nanoparticle immunogens that elicit potent and protective antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. The nanoparticle vaccines display 60 SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) in a highly immunogenic array and induce neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike despite a 5-fold lower dose. Antibodies elicited by the RBD nanoparticles target multiple distinct epitopes, suggesting they may not be easily susceptible to escape mutations, and exhibit a lower binding:neutralizing ratio than convalescent human sera, which may minimize the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. The high yield and stability of the assembled nanoparticles suggest that manufacture of the nanoparticle vaccines will be highly scalable. These results highlight the utility of robust antigen display platforms and have launched cGMP manufacturing efforts to advance the SARS-CoV-2-RBD nanoparticle vaccine into the clinic. [Display omitted] •Two-component nanoparticle platform enabled rapid generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines•The RBD-nanoparticle vaccines elicit potent neutralizing antibody responses•Nanoparticle vaccine-elicited antibodies target multiple non-overlapping epitopes•The lead nanoparticle vaccine candidate is being manufactured for clinical trials Walls et al. describe a potential nanoparticle vaccine for COVID-19, made of a self-assembling protein nanoparticle displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain in a highly immunogenic array reminiscent of the natural virus. Their nanoparticle vaccine candidate elicits a diverse, potent, and protective antibody response, including neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike ectodomain trimer.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>33160446</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.043</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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issn 0092-8674
1097-4172
language eng
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source MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier); EZB Electronic Journals Library; Cell Press Free Archives(OpenAccess)
subjects Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Animals
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
Chlorocebus aethiops
Cohort Studies
computational protein design
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 - virology
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
Epitopes - immunology
Female
HEK293 Cells
Humans
Macaca nemestrina
Male
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Middle Aged
nanoparticle
Nanoparticles - chemistry
protein
Protein Domains - immunology
RBD
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Vaccination
vaccine
Vero Cells
Young Adult
title Elicitation of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2
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