The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The presence of olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” has been reported as an atypical symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to evaluate the prevalence of “loss of smell” in COVID-19 as well as...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of the medical sciences 2021-02, Vol.361 (2), p.216-225 |
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| container_title | The American journal of the medical sciences |
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| creator | Aziz, Muhammad Goyal, Hemant Haghbin, Hossein Lee-Smith, Wade M. Gajendran, Mahesh Perisetti, Abhilash |
| description | The presence of olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” has been reported as an atypical symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to evaluate the prevalence of “loss of smell” in COVID-19 as well as its utility for prognosticating the disease severity.
An exhaustive search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LitCovid NIH, and WHO COVID-19 database was conducted through August 6th, 2020. All studies reporting the prevalence of “loss of smell” (anosmia and/or hyposmia/microsmia) in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Pooled prevalence for cases (positive COVID-19 through reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and/or serology IgG/IgM) and controls (negative RT-PCR and/or serology) was compared, and the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and the p-value were calculated. A p-value of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.09.017 |
| format | Article |
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An exhaustive search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LitCovid NIH, and WHO COVID-19 database was conducted through August 6th, 2020. All studies reporting the prevalence of “loss of smell” (anosmia and/or hyposmia/microsmia) in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Pooled prevalence for cases (positive COVID-19 through reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and/or serology IgG/IgM) and controls (negative RT-PCR and/or serology) was compared, and the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and the p-value were calculated. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of 51 studies with 11074 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Of these, 21 studies used a control group with 3425 patients. The symptom of “loss of smell” (OR: 14.7, CI: 8.9–24.3) was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group when compared to the control group. Seven studies comparing severe COVID-19 patients with- and without “loss of smell” demonstrated favorable prognosis for patients with “loss of smell” (OR: 0.36, CI 0.27–0.48).
Olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” is a prevalent symptom in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, COVID-19 patients with “loss of smell” appear to have a milder course of the disease.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9629</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1538-2990</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-2990</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.09.017</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33349441</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Anosmia - diagnosis ; Anosmia - epidemiology ; Clinical Investigation ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - diagnosis ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; Humans ; Loss of smell ; Olfactory dysfunction ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell - physiology</subject><ispartof>The American journal of the medical sciences, 2021-02, Vol.361 (2), p.216-225</ispartof><rights>2020 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2020 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2020 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-80f3167026b7d6785bfef5ed83c2a056ed550876a2f2610052984016dde439163</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-80f3167026b7d6785bfef5ed83c2a056ed550876a2f2610052984016dde439163</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33349441$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aziz, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goyal, Hemant</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haghbin, Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee-Smith, Wade M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gajendran, Mahesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perisetti, Abhilash</creatorcontrib><title>The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</title><title>The American journal of the medical sciences</title><addtitle>Am J Med Sci</addtitle><description>The presence of olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” has been reported as an atypical symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to evaluate the prevalence of “loss of smell” in COVID-19 as well as its utility for prognosticating the disease severity.
An exhaustive search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LitCovid NIH, and WHO COVID-19 database was conducted through August 6th, 2020. All studies reporting the prevalence of “loss of smell” (anosmia and/or hyposmia/microsmia) in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Pooled prevalence for cases (positive COVID-19 through reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and/or serology IgG/IgM) and controls (negative RT-PCR and/or serology) was compared, and the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and the p-value were calculated. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of 51 studies with 11074 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Of these, 21 studies used a control group with 3425 patients. The symptom of “loss of smell” (OR: 14.7, CI: 8.9–24.3) was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group when compared to the control group. Seven studies comparing severe COVID-19 patients with- and without “loss of smell” demonstrated favorable prognosis for patients with “loss of smell” (OR: 0.36, CI 0.27–0.48).
Olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” is a prevalent symptom in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, COVID-19 patients with “loss of smell” appear to have a milder course of the disease.</description><subject>Anosmia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Anosmia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Clinical Investigation</subject><subject>Coronavirus</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - diagnosis</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Loss of smell</subject><subject>Olfactory dysfunction</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Smell - physiology</subject><issn>0002-9629</issn><issn>1538-2990</issn><issn>1538-2990</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kd9qFDEUxoModq0-gSC59GbGk2SSmQgKy_qvsFKwVfAqZJMzNsvMpJ3MVvauD6Iv1ycx222L3niVQL7vOznfj5DnDEoGTL1al7Zf96nkwKEEXQKrH5AZk6IpuNbwkMwAgBdacX1AnqS0BmC8YeIxORBCVLqq2Ix8Pz1DOk8pumCnEAcaW3p99WsZU9pdT3rsuuur33SKdHH87ehdwfRrOqcn2zRhnx2OfsHLgD-pHTz9jJMt5oPttimkp-RRa7uEz27PQ_L1w_vTxadiefzxaDFfFq6SeioaaAVTNXC1qr2qG7lqsZXoG-G4BanQSwlNrSxvuWIAkuumyut7j5XQTIlD8nafe75Z9egdDtNoO3M-ht6OWxNtMP--DOHM_IiXplaQg2QOeHkbMMaLDabJ9CG5vLcdMG6S4VXNGUhdN1kq9lI35oJGbO_HMDA7KGZtbqCYHRQD2mQo2fXi7x_ee-4oZMGbvQBzT7nN0SQXcHDow4huMj6G_w74A6iWns4</recordid><startdate>20210201</startdate><enddate>20210201</enddate><creator>Aziz, Muhammad</creator><creator>Goyal, Hemant</creator><creator>Haghbin, Hossein</creator><creator>Lee-Smith, Wade M.</creator><creator>Gajendran, Mahesh</creator><creator>Perisetti, Abhilash</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210201</creationdate><title>The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</title><author>Aziz, Muhammad ; Goyal, Hemant ; Haghbin, Hossein ; Lee-Smith, Wade M. ; Gajendran, Mahesh ; Perisetti, Abhilash</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-80f3167026b7d6785bfef5ed83c2a056ed550876a2f2610052984016dde439163</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Anosmia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Anosmia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Clinical Investigation</topic><topic>Coronavirus</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - diagnosis</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Loss of smell</topic><topic>Olfactory dysfunction</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Smell - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Aziz, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goyal, Hemant</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haghbin, Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee-Smith, Wade M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gajendran, Mahesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perisetti, Abhilash</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The American journal of the medical sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Aziz, Muhammad</au><au>Goyal, Hemant</au><au>Haghbin, Hossein</au><au>Lee-Smith, Wade M.</au><au>Gajendran, Mahesh</au><au>Perisetti, Abhilash</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of the medical sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Med Sci</addtitle><date>2021-02-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>361</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>216</spage><epage>225</epage><pages>216-225</pages><issn>0002-9629</issn><issn>1538-2990</issn><eissn>1538-2990</eissn><abstract>The presence of olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” has been reported as an atypical symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to evaluate the prevalence of “loss of smell” in COVID-19 as well as its utility for prognosticating the disease severity.
An exhaustive search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LitCovid NIH, and WHO COVID-19 database was conducted through August 6th, 2020. All studies reporting the prevalence of “loss of smell” (anosmia and/or hyposmia/microsmia) in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Pooled prevalence for cases (positive COVID-19 through reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and/or serology IgG/IgM) and controls (negative RT-PCR and/or serology) was compared, and the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and the p-value were calculated. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of 51 studies with 11074 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Of these, 21 studies used a control group with 3425 patients. The symptom of “loss of smell” (OR: 14.7, CI: 8.9–24.3) was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group when compared to the control group. Seven studies comparing severe COVID-19 patients with- and without “loss of smell” demonstrated favorable prognosis for patients with “loss of smell” (OR: 0.36, CI 0.27–0.48).
Olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” is a prevalent symptom in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, COVID-19 patients with “loss of smell” appear to have a milder course of the disease.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>33349441</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.amjms.2020.09.017</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anosmia - diagnosis Anosmia - epidemiology Clinical Investigation Coronavirus COVID-19 COVID-19 - diagnosis COVID-19 - epidemiology Humans Loss of smell Olfactory dysfunction SARS-CoV-2 Smell - physiology |
| title | The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
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