Emerging treatment strategies for COVID-19 infection
The new type of coronavirus (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2 originated from Wuhan, China and has led to a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 is a novel emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 characterized as atypical pneumonia. As of July 1, 2020, more than 10 million people worldwide had been infected w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical and experimental medicine 2021-05, Vol.21 (2), p.167-179 |
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| creator | Gavriatopoulou, Maria Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis Korompoki, Eleni Fotiou, Despina Migkou, Magdalini Tzanninis, Ioannis-Georgios Psaltopoulou, Theodora Kastritis, Efstathios Terpos, Evangelos Dimopoulos, Meletios A. |
| description | The new type of coronavirus (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2 originated from Wuhan, China and has led to a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 is a novel emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 characterized as atypical pneumonia. As of July 1, 2020, more than 10 million people worldwide had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The typical manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, sore throat, fatigue, cough, and dyspnoea combined with recent exposure. Most of the patients with COVID-19 have mild or moderate disease, however up to 5–10% present with severe and even life-threatening disease course. The mortality rates are approximately 2%. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective and specific antiviral treatment. Currently, supportive care measures such as ventilation oxygenation and fluid management remain the standard of care. Several clinical trials are currently trying to identify the most potent drug or combination against the disease, and it is strongly recommended to enroll patients into ongoing trials. Antivirals can be proven as safe and effective only in the context of randomized clinical trials. Currently several agents such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, monoclonal antibodies, antisense RNA, corticosteroids, convalescent plasma and vaccines are being evaluated. The large numbers of therapeutic interventions aim to define the most efficacious regimen. The aim of this article is to describe the treatment strategies that have been used for COVID-19 patients and review all the available literature. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10238-020-00671-y |
| format | Article |
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COVID-19 is a novel emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 characterized as atypical pneumonia. As of July 1, 2020, more than 10 million people worldwide had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The typical manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, sore throat, fatigue, cough, and dyspnoea combined with recent exposure. Most of the patients with COVID-19 have mild or moderate disease, however up to 5–10% present with severe and even life-threatening disease course. The mortality rates are approximately 2%. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective and specific antiviral treatment. Currently, supportive care measures such as ventilation oxygenation and fluid management remain the standard of care. Several clinical trials are currently trying to identify the most potent drug or combination against the disease, and it is strongly recommended to enroll patients into ongoing trials. Antivirals can be proven as safe and effective only in the context of randomized clinical trials. Currently several agents such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, monoclonal antibodies, antisense RNA, corticosteroids, convalescent plasma and vaccines are being evaluated. The large numbers of therapeutic interventions aim to define the most efficacious regimen. The aim of this article is to describe the treatment strategies that have been used for COVID-19 patients and review all the available literature.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1591-8890</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1591-9528</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00671-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33128197</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Adenosine Monophosphate - analogs & derivatives ; Adenosine Monophosphate - therapeutic use ; Alanine - analogs & derivatives ; Alanine - therapeutic use ; Amides - therapeutic use ; Antisense RNA ; Antisense therapy ; Antiviral agents ; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use ; Antiviral drugs ; Chloroquine ; Chloroquine - therapeutic use ; Clinical trials ; Coronaviruses ; Corticosteroids ; Cough ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - therapy ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; COVID-19 Vaccines - therapeutic use ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Hematology ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Hydroxychloroquine - therapeutic use ; Immunization, Passive - methods ; Infectious diseases ; Internal Medicine ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Oncology ; Oxygenation ; Palliative Care ; Pandemics ; Patients ; Pharyngitis ; Pyrazines - therapeutic use ; Respiration ; Review ; Review Article ; SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Therapeutic applications ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>Clinical and experimental medicine, 2021-05, Vol.21 (2), p.167-179</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020</rights><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-23ed6c52bc8cadfd380311f0b344461da1ff16eea9c06ba3c4ac6a5d0438eee43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-23ed6c52bc8cadfd380311f0b344461da1ff16eea9c06ba3c4ac6a5d0438eee43</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6244-1229</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10238-020-00671-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10238-020-00671-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33128197$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gavriatopoulou, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korompoki, Eleni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fotiou, Despina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Migkou, Magdalini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tzanninis, Ioannis-Georgios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Psaltopoulou, Theodora</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kastritis, Efstathios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terpos, Evangelos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dimopoulos, Meletios A.</creatorcontrib><title>Emerging treatment strategies for COVID-19 infection</title><title>Clinical and experimental medicine</title><addtitle>Clin Exp Med</addtitle><addtitle>Clin Exp Med</addtitle><description>The new type of coronavirus (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2 originated from Wuhan, China and has led to a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 is a novel emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 characterized as atypical pneumonia. As of July 1, 2020, more than 10 million people worldwide had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The typical manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, sore throat, fatigue, cough, and dyspnoea combined with recent exposure. Most of the patients with COVID-19 have mild or moderate disease, however up to 5–10% present with severe and even life-threatening disease course. The mortality rates are approximately 2%. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective and specific antiviral treatment. Currently, supportive care measures such as ventilation oxygenation and fluid management remain the standard of care. Several clinical trials are currently trying to identify the most potent drug or combination against the disease, and it is strongly recommended to enroll patients into ongoing trials. Antivirals can be proven as safe and effective only in the context of randomized clinical trials. Currently several agents such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, monoclonal antibodies, antisense RNA, corticosteroids, convalescent plasma and vaccines are being evaluated. The large numbers of therapeutic interventions aim to define the most efficacious regimen. The aim of this article is to describe the treatment strategies that have been used for COVID-19 patients and review all the available literature.</description><subject>Adenosine Monophosphate - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Adenosine Monophosphate - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Alanine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Alanine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Amides - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antisense RNA</subject><subject>Antisense therapy</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antiviral drugs</subject><subject>Chloroquine</subject><subject>Chloroquine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>Corticosteroids</subject><subject>Cough</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - therapy</subject><subject>COVID-19 Drug Treatment</subject><subject>COVID-19 Serotherapy</subject><subject>COVID-19 Vaccines - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Dyspnea</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydroxychloroquine</subject><subject>Hydroxychloroquine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Immunization, Passive - methods</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Monoclonal antibodies</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Oxygenation</subject><subject>Palliative Care</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pharyngitis</subject><subject>Pyrazines - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Review Article</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - immunology</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Therapeutic applications</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>1591-8890</issn><issn>1591-9528</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEFLw0AQhRdRbK3-AQ8S8BydyW6SzUWQWrVQ6EW9LpvNbExpk7qbCv33RlOrXjzNwLz35vExdo5whQDptUeIuAwhghAgSTHcHrAhxhmGWRzJw90uZQYDduL9AgBjyeGYDTjHSGKWDpmYrMiVVV0GrSPdrqhuA9863VJZkQ9s44Lx_GV6F2IWVLUl01ZNfcqOrF56OtvNEXu-nzyNH8PZ_GE6vp2FRqSiDSNORWLiKDfS6MIWXAJHtJBzIUSChUZrMSHSmYEk19wIbRIdFyC4JCLBR-ymz11v8hUVpivn9FKtXbXSbqsaXam_l7p6VWXzrtI4k5mALuByF-Catw35Vi2ajau7ziqKUaSIMsZOFfUq4xrvHdn9BwT1SVr1pFVHWn2RVtvOdPG7297yjbYT8F7gu1Ndkvv5_U_sB-Vpilo</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Gavriatopoulou, Maria</creator><creator>Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis</creator><creator>Korompoki, Eleni</creator><creator>Fotiou, Despina</creator><creator>Migkou, Magdalini</creator><creator>Tzanninis, Ioannis-Georgios</creator><creator>Psaltopoulou, Theodora</creator><creator>Kastritis, Efstathios</creator><creator>Terpos, Evangelos</creator><creator>Dimopoulos, Meletios A.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-1229</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>Emerging treatment strategies for COVID-19 infection</title><author>Gavriatopoulou, Maria ; Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis ; Korompoki, Eleni ; Fotiou, Despina ; Migkou, Magdalini ; Tzanninis, Ioannis-Georgios ; Psaltopoulou, Theodora ; Kastritis, Efstathios ; Terpos, Evangelos ; Dimopoulos, Meletios A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-23ed6c52bc8cadfd380311f0b344461da1ff16eea9c06ba3c4ac6a5d0438eee43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adenosine Monophosphate - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Adenosine Monophosphate - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Alanine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Alanine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Amides - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Antisense RNA</topic><topic>Antisense therapy</topic><topic>Antiviral agents</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Antiviral drugs</topic><topic>Chloroquine</topic><topic>Chloroquine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>Corticosteroids</topic><topic>Cough</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - therapy</topic><topic>COVID-19 Drug Treatment</topic><topic>COVID-19 Serotherapy</topic><topic>COVID-19 Vaccines - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Dyspnea</topic><topic>Fever</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydroxychloroquine</topic><topic>Hydroxychloroquine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Immunization, Passive - methods</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Monoclonal antibodies</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Oxygenation</topic><topic>Palliative Care</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pharyngitis</topic><topic>Pyrazines - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Respiration</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Review Article</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - immunology</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Therapeutic applications</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gavriatopoulou, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korompoki, Eleni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fotiou, Despina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Migkou, Magdalini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tzanninis, Ioannis-Georgios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Psaltopoulou, Theodora</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kastritis, Efstathios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terpos, Evangelos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dimopoulos, Meletios A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Clinical and experimental medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gavriatopoulou, Maria</au><au>Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis</au><au>Korompoki, Eleni</au><au>Fotiou, Despina</au><au>Migkou, Magdalini</au><au>Tzanninis, Ioannis-Georgios</au><au>Psaltopoulou, Theodora</au><au>Kastritis, Efstathios</au><au>Terpos, Evangelos</au><au>Dimopoulos, Meletios A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Emerging treatment strategies for COVID-19 infection</atitle><jtitle>Clinical and experimental medicine</jtitle><stitle>Clin Exp Med</stitle><addtitle>Clin Exp Med</addtitle><date>2021-05-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>167</spage><epage>179</epage><pages>167-179</pages><issn>1591-8890</issn><eissn>1591-9528</eissn><abstract>The new type of coronavirus (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2 originated from Wuhan, China and has led to a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 is a novel emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 characterized as atypical pneumonia. As of July 1, 2020, more than 10 million people worldwide had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The typical manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, sore throat, fatigue, cough, and dyspnoea combined with recent exposure. Most of the patients with COVID-19 have mild or moderate disease, however up to 5–10% present with severe and even life-threatening disease course. The mortality rates are approximately 2%. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective and specific antiviral treatment. Currently, supportive care measures such as ventilation oxygenation and fluid management remain the standard of care. Several clinical trials are currently trying to identify the most potent drug or combination against the disease, and it is strongly recommended to enroll patients into ongoing trials. Antivirals can be proven as safe and effective only in the context of randomized clinical trials. Currently several agents such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, monoclonal antibodies, antisense RNA, corticosteroids, convalescent plasma and vaccines are being evaluated. The large numbers of therapeutic interventions aim to define the most efficacious regimen. The aim of this article is to describe the treatment strategies that have been used for COVID-19 patients and review all the available literature.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>33128197</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10238-020-00671-y</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-1229</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adenosine Monophosphate - analogs & derivatives Adenosine Monophosphate - therapeutic use Alanine - analogs & derivatives Alanine - therapeutic use Amides - therapeutic use Antisense RNA Antisense therapy Antiviral agents Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Antiviral drugs Chloroquine Chloroquine - therapeutic use Clinical trials Coronaviruses Corticosteroids Cough COVID-19 COVID-19 - therapy COVID-19 Drug Treatment COVID-19 Serotherapy COVID-19 Vaccines - therapeutic use Dyspnea Fever Hematology Humans Hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine - therapeutic use Immunization, Passive - methods Infectious diseases Internal Medicine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Monoclonal antibodies Oncology Oxygenation Palliative Care Pandemics Patients Pharyngitis Pyrazines - therapeutic use Respiration Review Review Article SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects SARS-CoV-2 - immunology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Therapeutic applications Treatment Outcome |
| title | Emerging treatment strategies for COVID-19 infection |
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