Tensile Behavior of High-Density Polyethylene Including the Effects of Processing Technique, Thickness, Temperature, and Strain Rate
The primary goal of this study was to investigate the monotonic tensile behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in its virgin, regrind, and laminated forms. HDPE is the most commonly used polymer in many industries. A variety of tensile tests were performed using plate-type specimens made of re...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2020-08, Vol.12 (9), p.1857 |
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| description | The primary goal of this study was to investigate the monotonic tensile behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in its virgin, regrind, and laminated forms. HDPE is the most commonly used polymer in many industries. A variety of tensile tests were performed using plate-type specimens made of rectangular plaques. Several factors can affect the tensile behavior such as thickness, processing technique, temperature, and strain rate. Testing temperatures were chosen at −40, 23 (room temperature, RT), 53, and 82 °C to investigate temperature effect. Tensile properties, including elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength, were obtained for all conditions. Tensile properties significantly reduced by increasing temperature while elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength linearly increased at higher strain rates. A significant effect of thickness on tensile properties was observed for injection molding specimens at 23 °C, but no thickness effect was observed for compression molded specimens at either 23 or 82 °C. The aforementioned effects and discussion of their influence on tensile properties are presented in this paper. Polynomial relations for tensile properties, including elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength, were developed as functions of temperature and strain rate. Such relations can be used to estimate tensile properties of HDPE as a function of temperature and/or strain rate for application in designing parts with this material. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym12091857 |
| format | Article |
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HDPE is the most commonly used polymer in many industries. A variety of tensile tests were performed using plate-type specimens made of rectangular plaques. Several factors can affect the tensile behavior such as thickness, processing technique, temperature, and strain rate. Testing temperatures were chosen at −40, 23 (room temperature, RT), 53, and 82 °C to investigate temperature effect. Tensile properties, including elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength, were obtained for all conditions. Tensile properties significantly reduced by increasing temperature while elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength linearly increased at higher strain rates. A significant effect of thickness on tensile properties was observed for injection molding specimens at 23 °C, but no thickness effect was observed for compression molded specimens at either 23 or 82 °C. The aforementioned effects and discussion of their influence on tensile properties are presented in this paper. Polynomial relations for tensile properties, including elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength, were developed as functions of temperature and strain rate. Such relations can be used to estimate tensile properties of HDPE as a function of temperature and/or strain rate for application in designing parts with this material.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym12091857</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32824990</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Deformation ; Elastic properties ; High density polyethylenes ; Injection molding ; Manufacturing ; Mathematical analysis ; Mechanical properties ; Modulus of elasticity ; Molecular structure ; Molecular weight ; Morphology ; Permeability ; Polyethylene ; Polymers ; Polynomials ; Room temperature ; Scrap ; Strain rate ; Temperature ; Temperature effects ; Tensile properties ; Tensile strength ; Tensile tests ; Tension tests ; Thickness ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Yield strength ; Yield stress</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2020-08, Vol.12 (9), p.1857</ispartof><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c458t-25416a739e2d2b452eadfda10b761162b0814b11c68fe902bb7698608213e56a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c458t-25416a739e2d2b452eadfda10b761162b0814b11c68fe902bb7698608213e56a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564066/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564066/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Amjadi, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fatemi, Ali</creatorcontrib><title>Tensile Behavior of High-Density Polyethylene Including the Effects of Processing Technique, Thickness, Temperature, and Strain Rate</title><title>Polymers</title><description>The primary goal of this study was to investigate the monotonic tensile behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in its virgin, regrind, and laminated forms. HDPE is the most commonly used polymer in many industries. A variety of tensile tests were performed using plate-type specimens made of rectangular plaques. Several factors can affect the tensile behavior such as thickness, processing technique, temperature, and strain rate. Testing temperatures were chosen at −40, 23 (room temperature, RT), 53, and 82 °C to investigate temperature effect. Tensile properties, including elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength, were obtained for all conditions. Tensile properties significantly reduced by increasing temperature while elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength linearly increased at higher strain rates. A significant effect of thickness on tensile properties was observed for injection molding specimens at 23 °C, but no thickness effect was observed for compression molded specimens at either 23 or 82 °C. The aforementioned effects and discussion of their influence on tensile properties are presented in this paper. Polynomial relations for tensile properties, including elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength, were developed as functions of temperature and strain rate. Such relations can be used to estimate tensile properties of HDPE as a function of temperature and/or strain rate for application in designing parts with this material.</description><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Elastic properties</subject><subject>High density polyethylenes</subject><subject>Injection molding</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Modulus of elasticity</subject><subject>Molecular structure</subject><subject>Molecular weight</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Polynomials</subject><subject>Room temperature</subject><subject>Scrap</subject><subject>Strain rate</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Temperature effects</subject><subject>Tensile properties</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Tensile tests</subject><subject>Tension tests</subject><subject>Thickness</subject><subject>Ultimate tensile strength</subject><subject>Yield strength</subject><subject>Yield stress</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUctO3DAUtapWBVGW3Vti00VD_YidZINUXgUJqQima8txbiaGxB5sB2n2_XAcDUKl3tyrc47PfSH0lZJjzhvyY-PH7UQZaWgtqg9on5GKFyWX5OM_-R46jPGB5FcKKWn1Ge1xVrOyacg--rsCF-0I-BQG_Wx9wL7HV3Y9FOcLkbb4NteANGxHcICvnRnnzro1TgPgi74Hk-Ly5TZ4AzEuzArM4OzTDN_xarDm0WU8pzBtIOg0h4xr1-H7FLR1-E4n-II-9XqMcPgaD9Cfy4vV2VVx8_vX9dnPm8KUok4FEyWVuuINsI61pWCgu77TlLSVpFSyltS0bCk1su6hIazNeFNLUjPKQUjND9DJzncztxN0BlzuYVSbYCcdtsprq94zzg5q7Z9VJWRJpMwG314Ngs8DxqQmGw2Mo3bg56hY3jdvOK8W6dF_0gc_B5fH26mYkERkVbFTmeBjDNC_NUOJWk6s3p2YvwAN5Zmx</recordid><startdate>20200819</startdate><enddate>20200819</enddate><creator>Amjadi, Mohammad</creator><creator>Fatemi, Ali</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200819</creationdate><title>Tensile Behavior of High-Density Polyethylene Including the Effects of Processing Technique, Thickness, Temperature, and Strain Rate</title><author>Amjadi, Mohammad ; Fatemi, Ali</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c458t-25416a739e2d2b452eadfda10b761162b0814b11c68fe902bb7698608213e56a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Deformation</topic><topic>Elastic properties</topic><topic>High density polyethylenes</topic><topic>Injection molding</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Modulus of elasticity</topic><topic>Molecular structure</topic><topic>Molecular weight</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Polyethylene</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Polynomials</topic><topic>Room temperature</topic><topic>Scrap</topic><topic>Strain rate</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Temperature effects</topic><topic>Tensile properties</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><topic>Tensile tests</topic><topic>Tension tests</topic><topic>Thickness</topic><topic>Ultimate tensile strength</topic><topic>Yield strength</topic><topic>Yield stress</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Amjadi, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fatemi, Ali</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Amjadi, Mohammad</au><au>Fatemi, Ali</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tensile Behavior of High-Density Polyethylene Including the Effects of Processing Technique, Thickness, Temperature, and Strain Rate</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><date>2020-08-19</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1857</spage><pages>1857-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>The primary goal of this study was to investigate the monotonic tensile behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in its virgin, regrind, and laminated forms. HDPE is the most commonly used polymer in many industries. A variety of tensile tests were performed using plate-type specimens made of rectangular plaques. Several factors can affect the tensile behavior such as thickness, processing technique, temperature, and strain rate. Testing temperatures were chosen at −40, 23 (room temperature, RT), 53, and 82 °C to investigate temperature effect. Tensile properties, including elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength, were obtained for all conditions. Tensile properties significantly reduced by increasing temperature while elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength linearly increased at higher strain rates. A significant effect of thickness on tensile properties was observed for injection molding specimens at 23 °C, but no thickness effect was observed for compression molded specimens at either 23 or 82 °C. The aforementioned effects and discussion of their influence on tensile properties are presented in this paper. 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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Deformation Elastic properties High density polyethylenes Injection molding Manufacturing Mathematical analysis Mechanical properties Modulus of elasticity Molecular structure Molecular weight Morphology Permeability Polyethylene Polymers Polynomials Room temperature Scrap Strain rate Temperature Temperature effects Tensile properties Tensile strength Tensile tests Tension tests Thickness Ultimate tensile strength Yield strength Yield stress |
| title | Tensile Behavior of High-Density Polyethylene Including the Effects of Processing Technique, Thickness, Temperature, and Strain Rate |
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