An overview of moonlighting proteins in Staphylococcus aureus infection
Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for numerous instances of superficial, toxin-mediated, and invasive infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), as well as vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) strains of S. aureus , poses a massive threat to human health. The tenacity of S. aureus to acqui...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Archives of microbiology 2021-03, Vol.203 (2), p.481-498 |
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| creator | Hemmadi, Vijay Biswas, Malabika |
| description | Staphylococcus aureus
is responsible for numerous instances of superficial, toxin-mediated, and invasive infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), as well as vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) strains of
S. aureus
, poses a massive threat to human health. The tenacity of
S. aureus
to acquire resistance against numerous antibiotics in a very short duration makes the effort towards developing new antibiotics almost futile.
S. aureus
owes its destructive pathogenicity to the plethora of virulent factors it produces among which a majority of them are moonlighting proteins. Moonlighting proteins are the multifunctional proteins in which a single protein, with different oligomeric conformations, perform multiple independent functions in different cell compartments. Peculiarly, proteins involved in key ancestral functions and metabolic pathways typically exhibit moonlighting functions. Pathogens mainly employ those proteins as virulent factors which exhibit high structural conservation towards their host counterparts. Consequentially, the host immune system counteracts these invading bacterial virulent factors with minimal protective action. Additionally, many moonlighting proteins also play multiple roles in various stages of pathogenicity while augmenting the virulence of the bacterium. This has necessitated elaborative studies to be conducted on moonlighting proteins of
S. aureus
that can serve as drug targets. This review is a small effort towards understanding the role of various moonlighting proteins in the pathogenicity of
S. aureus
. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00203-020-02071-y |
| format | Article |
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is responsible for numerous instances of superficial, toxin-mediated, and invasive infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), as well as vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) strains of
S. aureus
, poses a massive threat to human health. The tenacity of
S. aureus
to acquire resistance against numerous antibiotics in a very short duration makes the effort towards developing new antibiotics almost futile.
S. aureus
owes its destructive pathogenicity to the plethora of virulent factors it produces among which a majority of them are moonlighting proteins. Moonlighting proteins are the multifunctional proteins in which a single protein, with different oligomeric conformations, perform multiple independent functions in different cell compartments. Peculiarly, proteins involved in key ancestral functions and metabolic pathways typically exhibit moonlighting functions. Pathogens mainly employ those proteins as virulent factors which exhibit high structural conservation towards their host counterparts. Consequentially, the host immune system counteracts these invading bacterial virulent factors with minimal protective action. Additionally, many moonlighting proteins also play multiple roles in various stages of pathogenicity while augmenting the virulence of the bacterium. This has necessitated elaborative studies to be conducted on moonlighting proteins of
S. aureus
that can serve as drug targets. This review is a small effort towards understanding the role of various moonlighting proteins in the pathogenicity of
S. aureus
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0302-8933</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-072X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02071-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33048189</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology ; Antibiotic resistance ; Antibiotics ; Bacterial Proteins - genetics ; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Cell Biology ; Drug resistance ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics ; Ecology ; Humans ; Immune system ; Life Sciences ; Metabolic pathways ; Methicillin ; Microbial Ecology ; Microbiology ; Mini-Review ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Penicillin ; Proteins ; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus - genetics ; Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity ; Therapeutic targets ; Toxins ; Vancomycin ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors - genetics ; Virulence Factors - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Archives of microbiology, 2021-03, Vol.203 (2), p.481-498</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389y-1e689f463952775a6471b03ec1c280f937bec7950916b9c37c487b1dfcb74efb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389y-1e689f463952775a6471b03ec1c280f937bec7950916b9c37c487b1dfcb74efb3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2497-9765 ; 0000-0002-8169-6817</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00203-020-02071-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00203-020-02071-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048189$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hemmadi, Vijay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biswas, Malabika</creatorcontrib><title>An overview of moonlighting proteins in Staphylococcus aureus infection</title><title>Archives of microbiology</title><addtitle>Arch Microbiol</addtitle><addtitle>Arch Microbiol</addtitle><description>Staphylococcus aureus
is responsible for numerous instances of superficial, toxin-mediated, and invasive infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), as well as vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) strains of
S. aureus
, poses a massive threat to human health. The tenacity of
S. aureus
to acquire resistance against numerous antibiotics in a very short duration makes the effort towards developing new antibiotics almost futile.
S. aureus
owes its destructive pathogenicity to the plethora of virulent factors it produces among which a majority of them are moonlighting proteins. Moonlighting proteins are the multifunctional proteins in which a single protein, with different oligomeric conformations, perform multiple independent functions in different cell compartments. Peculiarly, proteins involved in key ancestral functions and metabolic pathways typically exhibit moonlighting functions. Pathogens mainly employ those proteins as virulent factors which exhibit high structural conservation towards their host counterparts. Consequentially, the host immune system counteracts these invading bacterial virulent factors with minimal protective action. Additionally, many moonlighting proteins also play multiple roles in various stages of pathogenicity while augmenting the virulence of the bacterium. This has necessitated elaborative studies to be conducted on moonlighting proteins of
S. aureus
that can serve as drug targets. This review is a small effort towards understanding the role of various moonlighting proteins in the pathogenicity of
S. aureus
.</description><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antibiotic resistance</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Metabolic pathways</subject><subject>Methicillin</subject><subject>Microbial Ecology</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Mini-Review</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Penicillin</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - genetics</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Therapeutic targets</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><subject>Vancomycin</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><subject>Virulence Factors - genetics</subject><subject>Virulence Factors - metabolism</subject><issn>0302-8933</issn><issn>1432-072X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUFP3DAQha2qqLts-wc4oEhcuKSM7SS2L0grBLQSEgeo1JuVmMmuV1l7sZNF-fd4WUoLh0r2-PC-eePRI-SIwncKIM4iAAOep7K7gubjJzKlBWc5CPb7M5kCB5ZLxfmEHMa4AqBMSvmFTDiHQlKppuR67jK_xbC1-JT5Nlt77zq7WPbWLbJN8D1aFzPrsru-3izHzhtvzBCzegg47IQWTW-9-0oO2rqL-O31nZFfV5f3Fz_ym9vrnxfzm9xwqcacYiVVW1RclUyIsq4KQRvgaKhhElrFRYNGqBIUrRpluDCFFA19aE0jCmwbPiPne9_N0KzxwaDrQ93pTbDrOoza11a_V5xd6oXfalGWtGRFMjh9NQj-ccDY67WNBruuduiHqFlRQiU4Ezv05AO68kNwab1EKUZZOjRRbE-Z4GMM2L59hoLe5aT3OelU9EtOekxNx_-u8dbyJ5gE8D0Qk-QWGP7O_o_tM0SAn1M</recordid><startdate>20210301</startdate><enddate>20210301</enddate><creator>Hemmadi, Vijay</creator><creator>Biswas, Malabika</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-9765</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-6817</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210301</creationdate><title>An overview of moonlighting proteins in Staphylococcus aureus infection</title><author>Hemmadi, Vijay ; 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is responsible for numerous instances of superficial, toxin-mediated, and invasive infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), as well as vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) strains of
S. aureus
, poses a massive threat to human health. The tenacity of
S. aureus
to acquire resistance against numerous antibiotics in a very short duration makes the effort towards developing new antibiotics almost futile.
S. aureus
owes its destructive pathogenicity to the plethora of virulent factors it produces among which a majority of them are moonlighting proteins. Moonlighting proteins are the multifunctional proteins in which a single protein, with different oligomeric conformations, perform multiple independent functions in different cell compartments. Peculiarly, proteins involved in key ancestral functions and metabolic pathways typically exhibit moonlighting functions. Pathogens mainly employ those proteins as virulent factors which exhibit high structural conservation towards their host counterparts. Consequentially, the host immune system counteracts these invading bacterial virulent factors with minimal protective action. Additionally, many moonlighting proteins also play multiple roles in various stages of pathogenicity while augmenting the virulence of the bacterium. This has necessitated elaborative studies to be conducted on moonlighting proteins of
S. aureus
that can serve as drug targets. This review is a small effort towards understanding the role of various moonlighting proteins in the pathogenicity of
S. aureus
.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>33048189</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00203-020-02071-y</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-9765</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-6817</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Archives of microbiology, 2021-03, Vol.203 (2), p.481-498 |
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| language | eng |
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| subjects | Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Bacterial Proteins - genetics Bacterial Proteins - metabolism Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Cell Biology Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics Ecology Humans Immune system Life Sciences Metabolic pathways Methicillin Microbial Ecology Microbiology Mini-Review Pathogenicity Pathogens Penicillin Proteins Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects Staphylococcus aureus - genetics Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity Therapeutic targets Toxins Vancomycin Virulence Virulence Factors - genetics Virulence Factors - metabolism |
| title | An overview of moonlighting proteins in Staphylococcus aureus infection |
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