Spatial and temporal variations of air pollution over 41 cities of India during the COVID-19 lockdown period
In this study, we characterize the impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution using NO 2 and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from TROPOMI and MODIS satellite datasets for 41 cities in India. Specifically, our results suggested a 13% NO 2 reduction during the lockdown (March 25–May 3rd, 2020) compared to the p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2020-10, Vol.10 (1), p.16574-16574, Article 16574 |
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| description | In this study, we characterize the impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution using NO
2
and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from TROPOMI and MODIS satellite datasets for 41 cities in India. Specifically, our results suggested a 13% NO
2
reduction during the lockdown (March 25–May 3rd, 2020) compared to the pre-lockdown (January 1st–March 24th, 2020) period. Also, a 19% reduction in NO
2
was observed during the 2020-lockdown as compared to the same period during 2019. The top cities where NO
2
reduction occurred were New Delhi (61.74%), Delhi (60.37%), Bangalore (48.25%), Ahmedabad (46.20%), Nagpur (46.13%), Gandhinagar (45.64) and Mumbai (43.08%) with less reduction in coastal cities. The temporal analysis revealed a progressive decrease in NO
2
for all seven cities during the 2020 lockdown period. Results also suggested spatial differences, i.e., as the distance from the city center increased, the NO
2
levels decreased exponentially. In contrast, to the decreased NO
2
observed for most of the cities, we observed an increase in NO
2
for cities in Northeast India during the 2020 lockdown period and attribute it to vegetation fires. The NO
2
temporal patterns matched the AOD signal; however, the correlations were poor. Overall, our results highlight COVID-19 impacts on NO
2
, and the results can inform pollution mitigation efforts across different cities of India. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-020-72271-5 |
| format | Article |
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2
and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from TROPOMI and MODIS satellite datasets for 41 cities in India. Specifically, our results suggested a 13% NO
2
reduction during the lockdown (March 25–May 3rd, 2020) compared to the pre-lockdown (January 1st–March 24th, 2020) period. Also, a 19% reduction in NO
2
was observed during the 2020-lockdown as compared to the same period during 2019. The top cities where NO
2
reduction occurred were New Delhi (61.74%), Delhi (60.37%), Bangalore (48.25%), Ahmedabad (46.20%), Nagpur (46.13%), Gandhinagar (45.64) and Mumbai (43.08%) with less reduction in coastal cities. The temporal analysis revealed a progressive decrease in NO
2
for all seven cities during the 2020 lockdown period. Results also suggested spatial differences, i.e., as the distance from the city center increased, the NO
2
levels decreased exponentially. In contrast, to the decreased NO
2
observed for most of the cities, we observed an increase in NO
2
for cities in Northeast India during the 2020 lockdown period and attribute it to vegetation fires. The NO
2
temporal patterns matched the AOD signal; however, the correlations were poor. Overall, our results highlight COVID-19 impacts on NO
2
, and the results can inform pollution mitigation efforts across different cities of India.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72271-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33024128</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>704/172 ; 704/172/4081 ; Air pollution ; Cities ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; multidisciplinary ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Optical analysis ; Pollution control ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Shelter in place ; Temporal variations</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2020-10, Vol.10 (1), p.16574-16574, Article 16574</ispartof><rights>This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020</rights><rights>This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-db2e8d31368b24a0b592bc42ebb99c4c1920152dd48c7461c2f20567fb0ba2ea3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-db2e8d31368b24a0b592bc42ebb99c4c1920152dd48c7461c2f20567fb0ba2ea3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7539013/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7539013/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27901,27902,41096,42165,51551,53766,53768</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eaturu, Aditya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biswas, Sumalika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lasko, Kristofer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahu, Saroj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garg, J. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Justice, Chris</creatorcontrib><title>Spatial and temporal variations of air pollution over 41 cities of India during the COVID-19 lockdown period</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>In this study, we characterize the impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution using NO
2
and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from TROPOMI and MODIS satellite datasets for 41 cities in India. Specifically, our results suggested a 13% NO
2
reduction during the lockdown (March 25–May 3rd, 2020) compared to the pre-lockdown (January 1st–March 24th, 2020) period. Also, a 19% reduction in NO
2
was observed during the 2020-lockdown as compared to the same period during 2019. The top cities where NO
2
reduction occurred were New Delhi (61.74%), Delhi (60.37%), Bangalore (48.25%), Ahmedabad (46.20%), Nagpur (46.13%), Gandhinagar (45.64) and Mumbai (43.08%) with less reduction in coastal cities. The temporal analysis revealed a progressive decrease in NO
2
for all seven cities during the 2020 lockdown period. Results also suggested spatial differences, i.e., as the distance from the city center increased, the NO
2
levels decreased exponentially. In contrast, to the decreased NO
2
observed for most of the cities, we observed an increase in NO
2
for cities in Northeast India during the 2020 lockdown period and attribute it to vegetation fires. The NO
2
temporal patterns matched the AOD signal; however, the correlations were poor. Overall, our results highlight COVID-19 impacts on NO
2
, and the results can inform pollution mitigation efforts across different cities of India.</description><subject>704/172</subject><subject>704/172/4081</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Optical analysis</subject><subject>Pollution control</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Shelter in place</subject><subject>Temporal variations</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1vFSEUhonR2Kb2D7giceNmLBzgDmxMzNXqTZp0YeuW8DUtdS6MMHNN_73c3qZ-LGQDnPO-Tzi8CL2m5B0lTJ5VToWSHQHS9QA97cQzdAyEiw4YwPM_zkfotNY70pYAxal6iY4YI8ApyGM0fp3MHM2ITfJ4Dtspl3bZmRJbOaeK84BNLHjK47jsKzjvQsGcYhfnGB76m-SjwX4pMd3g-Tbg9eW3zceOKjxm993nnwlPocTsX6EXgxlrOH3cT9D1-aer9Zfu4vLzZv3honOiJ3PnLQTpGWUraYEbYoUC6zgEa5Vy3FEFhArwnkvX8xV1MAARq36wxBoIhp2g9wfutNht8C6kuU2lpxK3ptzrbKL-u5Pirb7JO90LpghlDfD2EVDyjyXUWW9jdWEcTQp5qRo4V1RSImiTvvlHepeXktp4GlZKSEKU3APhoHIl11rC8PQYSvQ-T33IU7c89UOeWjQTO5jqtP_aUH6j_-P6BdepoSo</recordid><startdate>20201006</startdate><enddate>20201006</enddate><creator>Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad</creator><creator>Eaturu, Aditya</creator><creator>Biswas, Sumalika</creator><creator>Lasko, Kristofer</creator><creator>Sahu, Saroj</creator><creator>Garg, J. 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K. ; Justice, Chris</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-db2e8d31368b24a0b592bc42ebb99c4c1920152dd48c7461c2f20567fb0ba2ea3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>704/172</topic><topic>704/172/4081</topic><topic>Air pollution</topic><topic>Cities</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Nitrogen dioxide</topic><topic>Optical analysis</topic><topic>Pollution control</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Shelter in place</topic><topic>Temporal variations</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eaturu, Aditya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biswas, Sumalika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lasko, Kristofer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahu, Saroj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garg, J. 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K.</au><au>Justice, Chris</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spatial and temporal variations of air pollution over 41 cities of India during the COVID-19 lockdown period</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><date>2020-10-06</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>16574</spage><epage>16574</epage><pages>16574-16574</pages><artnum>16574</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>In this study, we characterize the impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution using NO
2
and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from TROPOMI and MODIS satellite datasets for 41 cities in India. Specifically, our results suggested a 13% NO
2
reduction during the lockdown (March 25–May 3rd, 2020) compared to the pre-lockdown (January 1st–March 24th, 2020) period. Also, a 19% reduction in NO
2
was observed during the 2020-lockdown as compared to the same period during 2019. The top cities where NO
2
reduction occurred were New Delhi (61.74%), Delhi (60.37%), Bangalore (48.25%), Ahmedabad (46.20%), Nagpur (46.13%), Gandhinagar (45.64) and Mumbai (43.08%) with less reduction in coastal cities. The temporal analysis revealed a progressive decrease in NO
2
for all seven cities during the 2020 lockdown period. Results also suggested spatial differences, i.e., as the distance from the city center increased, the NO
2
levels decreased exponentially. In contrast, to the decreased NO
2
observed for most of the cities, we observed an increase in NO
2
for cities in Northeast India during the 2020 lockdown period and attribute it to vegetation fires. The NO
2
temporal patterns matched the AOD signal; however, the correlations were poor. Overall, our results highlight COVID-19 impacts on NO
2
, and the results can inform pollution mitigation efforts across different cities of India.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>33024128</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-020-72271-5</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 704/172 704/172/4081 Air pollution Cities Coronaviruses COVID-19 Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Nitrogen dioxide Optical analysis Pollution control Science Science (multidisciplinary) Shelter in place Temporal variations |
| title | Spatial and temporal variations of air pollution over 41 cities of India during the COVID-19 lockdown period |
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