The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Street Litter in South Africa
The lockdowns instigated to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to assess how restrictions on human activity affect street litter. We recorded daily litter arrival rates for 50 days in two South African cities from the time of strictest lockdown through two successi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental Processes 2020-12, Vol.7 (4), p.1303-1312 |
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| creator | Ryan, Peter G. Maclean, Kyle Weideman, Eleanor A. |
| description | The lockdowns instigated to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to assess how restrictions on human activity affect street litter. We recorded daily litter arrival rates for 50 days in two South African cities from the time of strictest lockdown through two successive easings in regulations. The strict lockdown had no marked impact on litter composition, which was dominated by convenience foods and beverages (29% by number, 34% by mass) and tobacco products (33% by number, 3% by mass). The ban on the sale of tobacco products during the lockdown did not greatly reduce the number of cigarette butts and associated packaging. Vehicle parts accounted for |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40710-020-00472-1 |
| format | Article |
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Highlights
• Street litter loads increased three-fold in two cities as C
ovid
lockdowns eased.
• Cigarette butts made up 33% of litter by number despite a ban on tobacco sales.
• There is a clear link between human activity levels and littering.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2198-7491</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2198-7505</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40710-020-00472-1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Beverages ; Convenience foods ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Epidemics ; Laws, regulations and rules ; Refuse and refuse disposal ; Short Communication ; South Africa ; Tobacco products ; Waste Management/Waste Technology ; Waste spills ; Water Quality/Water Pollution</subject><ispartof>Environmental Processes, 2020-12, Vol.7 (4), p.1303-1312</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Springer</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-4b7965109c3bc3e0cc3f5f0617468d6a938c047bb5c54bf327af3e20738dce673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-4b7965109c3bc3e0cc3f5f0617468d6a938c047bb5c54bf327af3e20738dce673</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3356-2056 ; 0000-0001-5084-0532 ; 0000-0002-4741-0811</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40710-020-00472-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40710-020-00472-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ryan, Peter G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maclean, Kyle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weideman, Eleanor A.</creatorcontrib><title>The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Street Litter in South Africa</title><title>Environmental Processes</title><addtitle>Environ. Process</addtitle><description>The lockdowns instigated to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to assess how restrictions on human activity affect street litter. We recorded daily litter arrival rates for 50 days in two South African cities from the time of strictest lockdown through two successive easings in regulations. The strict lockdown had no marked impact on litter composition, which was dominated by convenience foods and beverages (29% by number, 34% by mass) and tobacco products (33% by number, 3% by mass). The ban on the sale of tobacco products during the lockdown did not greatly reduce the number of cigarette butts and associated packaging. Vehicle parts accounted for <1% of litter items (2% by mass) whereas household waste spilled from bins prior to or during collection accounted for 3% of litter items (14% by mass). Street litter loads decreased roughly by a factor of three during the strict lockdown. The increase in litter was gradual, suggesting a reduction in compliance with regulations as the lockdown continued. Our results show a clear link between human activity levels and littering.
Highlights
• Street litter loads increased three-fold in two cities as C
ovid
lockdowns eased.
• Cigarette butts made up 33% of litter by number despite a ban on tobacco sales.
• There is a clear link between human activity levels and littering.</description><subject>Beverages</subject><subject>Convenience foods</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Laws, regulations and rules</subject><subject>Refuse and refuse disposal</subject><subject>Short Communication</subject><subject>South Africa</subject><subject>Tobacco products</subject><subject>Waste Management/Waste Technology</subject><subject>Waste spills</subject><subject>Water Quality/Water Pollution</subject><issn>2198-7491</issn><issn>2198-7505</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc1OAyEUhSdGExvtC7jiBaZeYBhmNiZN_atp0oWtW8JQaKkdaBiq8e2ljpq4MYRwOdzvEDhZdoVhhAH4dVcAx5ADSRMKTnJ8kg0IrqucM2CnP3VR4_Ns2HVbACC4AELrQfa02Gg0bfdSReQNimk3mb9Mb3Nco5lXryv_7pB3aBka6dBzDFpHNLMx6oBsEvwhbtDYBKvkZXZm5K7Tw-_1Ilve3y0mj_ls_jCdjGe5KjiOedHwumQYakUbRTUoRQ0zUGJelNWqlDWtVHpF0zDFisZQwqWhmgCn1UrpktOL7Kb33R-aVifNxSB3Yh9sK8OH8NKKvyfObsTavwnOaIX50WDUG6zlTgvrjE9tKo2Vbq3yThub9DGHkpESszIBpAdU8F0XtPm9DIM4RiD6CESKQHxFIHCCaA91qdmtdRBbfwgu_cx_1CfdHYf2</recordid><startdate>20201201</startdate><enddate>20201201</enddate><creator>Ryan, Peter G.</creator><creator>Maclean, Kyle</creator><creator>Weideman, Eleanor A.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IAO</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-2056</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-0532</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-0811</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201201</creationdate><title>The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Street Litter in South Africa</title><author>Ryan, Peter G. ; Maclean, Kyle ; Weideman, Eleanor A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-4b7965109c3bc3e0cc3f5f0617468d6a938c047bb5c54bf327af3e20738dce673</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Beverages</topic><topic>Convenience foods</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental Management</topic><topic>Environmental Science and Engineering</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Laws, regulations and rules</topic><topic>Refuse and refuse disposal</topic><topic>Short Communication</topic><topic>South Africa</topic><topic>Tobacco products</topic><topic>Waste Management/Waste Technology</topic><topic>Waste spills</topic><topic>Water Quality/Water Pollution</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ryan, Peter G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maclean, Kyle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weideman, Eleanor A.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale Academic OneFile</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Environmental Processes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ryan, Peter G.</au><au>Maclean, Kyle</au><au>Weideman, Eleanor A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Street Litter in South Africa</atitle><jtitle>Environmental Processes</jtitle><stitle>Environ. Process</stitle><date>2020-12-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1303</spage><epage>1312</epage><pages>1303-1312</pages><issn>2198-7491</issn><eissn>2198-7505</eissn><abstract>The lockdowns instigated to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to assess how restrictions on human activity affect street litter. We recorded daily litter arrival rates for 50 days in two South African cities from the time of strictest lockdown through two successive easings in regulations. The strict lockdown had no marked impact on litter composition, which was dominated by convenience foods and beverages (29% by number, 34% by mass) and tobacco products (33% by number, 3% by mass). The ban on the sale of tobacco products during the lockdown did not greatly reduce the number of cigarette butts and associated packaging. Vehicle parts accounted for <1% of litter items (2% by mass) whereas household waste spilled from bins prior to or during collection accounted for 3% of litter items (14% by mass). Street litter loads decreased roughly by a factor of three during the strict lockdown. The increase in litter was gradual, suggesting a reduction in compliance with regulations as the lockdown continued. Our results show a clear link between human activity levels and littering.
Highlights
• Street litter loads increased three-fold in two cities as C
ovid
lockdowns eased.
• Cigarette butts made up 33% of litter by number despite a ban on tobacco sales.
• There is a clear link between human activity levels and littering.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s40710-020-00472-1</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-2056</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-0532</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-0811</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental Processes, 2020-12, Vol.7 (4), p.1303-1312 |
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| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Beverages Convenience foods Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Environmental Management Environmental Science and Engineering Epidemics Laws, regulations and rules Refuse and refuse disposal Short Communication South Africa Tobacco products Waste Management/Waste Technology Waste spills Water Quality/Water Pollution |
| title | The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Street Litter in South Africa |
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