Host phylogeny and life history stage shape the gut microbiome in dwarf (Kogia sima) and pygmy (Kogia breviceps) sperm whales
Gut microbiomes perform crucial roles in host health and development, but few studies have explored cetacean microbiomes especially deep divers. We characterized the gut microbiomes of stranded dwarf ( Kogia sima ) and pygmy ( K. breviceps ) sperm whales to examine the effects of phylogeny and life...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2020-09, Vol.10 (1), p.15162-15162, Article 15162 |
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| creator | Denison, Elizabeth R. Rhodes, Ryan G. McLellan, William A. Pabst, D. Ann Erwin, Patrick M. |
| description | Gut microbiomes perform crucial roles in host health and development, but few studies have explored cetacean microbiomes especially deep divers. We characterized the gut microbiomes of stranded dwarf (
Kogia sima
) and pygmy (
K. breviceps
) sperm whales to examine the effects of phylogeny and life stage on microbiome composition and diversity. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed diverse gut communities (averaging 674 OTUs) dominated by a few symbiont taxa (25 OTUs accounted for 64% of total relative abundance). Both phylogeny and life stage shaped community composition and diversity, with species-specific microbiome differences present early in life. Further analysis showed evidence of microbiome convergence with host maturity, albeit through different processes: symbiont ‘accumulation’ in
K. sima
and ‘winnowing’ in
K. breviceps
, indicating different methods of community assembly during host development. Furthermore, culture-based analyses yielded 116 pure cultures matching 25 OTUs, including one isolate positive for chitin utilization. Our findings indicate that kogiid gut microbiomes are highly diverse and species-specific, undergo significant shifts with host development, and can be cultivated on specialized media under anaerobic conditions. These results enhance our understanding of the kogiid gut microbiome and may provide useful information for symbiont assessment in host health. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-020-72032-4 |
| format | Article |
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Kogia sima
) and pygmy (
K. breviceps
) sperm whales to examine the effects of phylogeny and life stage on microbiome composition and diversity. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed diverse gut communities (averaging 674 OTUs) dominated by a few symbiont taxa (25 OTUs accounted for 64% of total relative abundance). Both phylogeny and life stage shaped community composition and diversity, with species-specific microbiome differences present early in life. Further analysis showed evidence of microbiome convergence with host maturity, albeit through different processes: symbiont ‘accumulation’ in
K. sima
and ‘winnowing’ in
K. breviceps
, indicating different methods of community assembly during host development. Furthermore, culture-based analyses yielded 116 pure cultures matching 25 OTUs, including one isolate positive for chitin utilization. Our findings indicate that kogiid gut microbiomes are highly diverse and species-specific, undergo significant shifts with host development, and can be cultivated on specialized media under anaerobic conditions. These results enhance our understanding of the kogiid gut microbiome and may provide useful information for symbiont assessment in host health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72032-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32938948</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/326/2565/2134 ; 631/326/2565/547 ; 704/829/826 ; Anaerobic conditions ; Animal behavior ; Animals ; Aquatic mammals ; Biodiversity ; Cetacea ; Chitin ; Community composition ; Culture media ; Developmental stages ; Digestive system ; Ecosystem biology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Intestinal microflora ; Kogia sima ; Life Cycle Stages ; Life history ; Marine mammals ; Microbiomes ; Microbiota ; multidisciplinary ; Phylogeny ; Relative abundance ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; Roles ; rRNA 16S ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Sequence analysis ; Species diversity ; Species Specificity ; Stranding ; Symbiosis ; Whales ; Whales & whaling ; Whales - classification ; Whales - growth & development ; Whales - microbiology</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2020-09, Vol.10 (1), p.15162-15162, Article 15162</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-a5067902028d41d0d588d345f8867a7bca1795c06415fce7a239ea0907755f373</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-a5067902028d41d0d588d345f8867a7bca1795c06415fce7a239ea0907755f373</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7495435/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7495435/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27901,27902,41096,42165,51551,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32938948$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Denison, Elizabeth R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rhodes, Ryan G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLellan, William A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pabst, D. Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erwin, Patrick M.</creatorcontrib><title>Host phylogeny and life history stage shape the gut microbiome in dwarf (Kogia sima) and pygmy (Kogia breviceps) sperm whales</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Gut microbiomes perform crucial roles in host health and development, but few studies have explored cetacean microbiomes especially deep divers. We characterized the gut microbiomes of stranded dwarf (
Kogia sima
) and pygmy (
K. breviceps
) sperm whales to examine the effects of phylogeny and life stage on microbiome composition and diversity. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed diverse gut communities (averaging 674 OTUs) dominated by a few symbiont taxa (25 OTUs accounted for 64% of total relative abundance). Both phylogeny and life stage shaped community composition and diversity, with species-specific microbiome differences present early in life. Further analysis showed evidence of microbiome convergence with host maturity, albeit through different processes: symbiont ‘accumulation’ in
K. sima
and ‘winnowing’ in
K. breviceps
, indicating different methods of community assembly during host development. Furthermore, culture-based analyses yielded 116 pure cultures matching 25 OTUs, including one isolate positive for chitin utilization. Our findings indicate that kogiid gut microbiomes are highly diverse and species-specific, undergo significant shifts with host development, and can be cultivated on specialized media under anaerobic conditions. These results enhance our understanding of the kogiid gut microbiome and may provide useful information for symbiont assessment in host health.</description><subject>631/326/2565/2134</subject><subject>631/326/2565/547</subject><subject>704/829/826</subject><subject>Anaerobic conditions</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic mammals</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Cetacea</subject><subject>Chitin</subject><subject>Community composition</subject><subject>Culture media</subject><subject>Developmental stages</subject><subject>Digestive system</subject><subject>Ecosystem biology</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics</subject><subject>Host Microbial Interactions</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Intestinal microflora</subject><subject>Kogia sima</subject><subject>Life Cycle Stages</subject><subject>Life history</subject><subject>Marine mammals</subject><subject>Microbiomes</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Relative abundance</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</subject><subject>Roles</subject><subject>rRNA 16S</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Sequence analysis</subject><subject>Species diversity</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Stranding</subject><subject>Symbiosis</subject><subject>Whales</subject><subject>Whales & whaling</subject><subject>Whales - classification</subject><subject>Whales - growth & development</subject><subject>Whales - microbiology</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u1TAQhS0EolXpC7BAlti0ixTHP9f2BglVQCsqsYG15ZtMEldJHDxJqyz67vj2tqWwwBtbns_Hc-YQ8rZkZyUT5gPKUllTMM4KzZnghXxBDjmTquCC85fPzgfkGPGa5aW4laV9TQ4Et8JYaQ7J3UXEmU7d2scWxpX6saZ9aIB2AeeYVoqzb4Fi5yegcwe0XWY6hCrFbYgD0DDS-tanhp58i23wFMPgT-9VprUd1sfrbYKbUMGEpxQnSAO97XwP-Ia8anyPcPywH5GfXz7_OL8orr5_vTz_dFVUiuu58IpttM1WuallWbNaGVMLqRpjNtrrbeVLbVXFNnkmTQXac2HBM8u0VqoRWhyRj3vdadkOUFcwzsn3bkq527S66IP7uzKGzrXxxmlplRQqC5w8CKT4awGc3RCwgr73I8QFHZdSGJ27kRl9_w96HZc0Zns7ihshhBWZ4nsqTxIxQfPUTMncLmC3D9hl1-4-YLeTfvfcxtOTxzgzIPYA5tLYQvrz939kfwNp_bDf</recordid><startdate>20200916</startdate><enddate>20200916</enddate><creator>Denison, Elizabeth R.</creator><creator>Rhodes, Ryan G.</creator><creator>McLellan, William A.</creator><creator>Pabst, D. 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Ann</au><au>Erwin, Patrick M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Host phylogeny and life history stage shape the gut microbiome in dwarf (Kogia sima) and pygmy (Kogia breviceps) sperm whales</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2020-09-16</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>15162</spage><epage>15162</epage><pages>15162-15162</pages><artnum>15162</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Gut microbiomes perform crucial roles in host health and development, but few studies have explored cetacean microbiomes especially deep divers. We characterized the gut microbiomes of stranded dwarf (
Kogia sima
) and pygmy (
K. breviceps
) sperm whales to examine the effects of phylogeny and life stage on microbiome composition and diversity. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed diverse gut communities (averaging 674 OTUs) dominated by a few symbiont taxa (25 OTUs accounted for 64% of total relative abundance). Both phylogeny and life stage shaped community composition and diversity, with species-specific microbiome differences present early in life. Further analysis showed evidence of microbiome convergence with host maturity, albeit through different processes: symbiont ‘accumulation’ in
K. sima
and ‘winnowing’ in
K. breviceps
, indicating different methods of community assembly during host development. Furthermore, culture-based analyses yielded 116 pure cultures matching 25 OTUs, including one isolate positive for chitin utilization. Our findings indicate that kogiid gut microbiomes are highly diverse and species-specific, undergo significant shifts with host development, and can be cultivated on specialized media under anaerobic conditions. These results enhance our understanding of the kogiid gut microbiome and may provide useful information for symbiont assessment in host health.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>32938948</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-020-72032-4</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Nature Journals Open Access; PubMed (Medline); SpringerOpen; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | 631/326/2565/2134 631/326/2565/547 704/829/826 Anaerobic conditions Animal behavior Animals Aquatic mammals Biodiversity Cetacea Chitin Community composition Culture media Developmental stages Digestive system Ecosystem biology Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics Host Microbial Interactions Humanities and Social Sciences Intestinal microflora Kogia sima Life Cycle Stages Life history Marine mammals Microbiomes Microbiota multidisciplinary Phylogeny Relative abundance RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Roles rRNA 16S Science Science (multidisciplinary) Sequence analysis Species diversity Species Specificity Stranding Symbiosis Whales Whales & whaling Whales - classification Whales - growth & development Whales - microbiology |
| title | Host phylogeny and life history stage shape the gut microbiome in dwarf (Kogia sima) and pygmy (Kogia breviceps) sperm whales |
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