Effect of Mutations on mRNA and Globin Stability: The Cases of Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart and Hb Southern Italy

We identified two unstable variants in the third exon of α-globin genes: Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart (HBA1:c.358C>T), and Hb Caserta (HBA2:c.79G>A) in to Hb Sun Prairie (HBA2:c.391G>C), also named Hb Southern Italy. These mutations occurred in the H helix of the α-globin that is involved in hem...

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Veröffentlicht in:Genes 2020-07, Vol.11 (8), p.870
Hauptverfasser: Cardiero, Giovanna, Musollino, Gennaro, Friscia, Maria Grazia, Testa, Rosario, Virruso, Lucrezia, Di Girgenti, Caterina, Caldora, Mercedes, Colella Bisogno, Rosario, Gaudiano, Carlo, Manco, Giuseppe, Lacerra, Giuseppina
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container_end_page
container_issue 8
container_start_page 870
container_title Genes
container_volume 11
creator Cardiero, Giovanna
Musollino, Gennaro
Friscia, Maria Grazia
Testa, Rosario
Virruso, Lucrezia
Di Girgenti, Caterina
Caldora, Mercedes
Colella Bisogno, Rosario
Gaudiano, Carlo
Manco, Giuseppe
Lacerra, Giuseppina
description We identified two unstable variants in the third exon of α-globin genes: Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart (HBA1:c.358C>T), and Hb Caserta (HBA2:c.79G>A) in to Hb Sun Prairie (HBA2:c.391G>C), also named Hb Southern Italy. These mutations occurred in the H helix of the α-globin that is involved in heme contacting, specific recognition of α-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP), and α β interactions. The carriers showed α-thalassemia phenotype, but one also jaundice and cholelithiasis. Molecular identification of clusters of families in Southern Italy encouraged molecular characterization of mRNA, globin chain analyses, molecular modeling studies, and comparison with globin variants to understand the mechanisms causing the α-thalassemia phenotype. A normal amount of Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart mRNA were found, and molecular modeling highlighted additional H bonds with AHSP. For Hb Southern Italy, showing an unexpected α/β biosynthetic ratio typical of the β-thalassemia type, two different molecular mechanisms were shown: Reduction of the variant mRNA, likely due to the No-Go Decay for the presence of unused triplet ACG at cod 26, and protein instability due to the impairment of AHSP interaction. The UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A1) genotyping was conclusive in the case of jaundice and cholelithiasis. Multiple approaches are needed to properly identify the mechanisms leading to unstable variants and the effect of a mutation.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/genes11080870
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These mutations occurred in the H helix of the α-globin that is involved in heme contacting, specific recognition of α-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP), and α β interactions. The carriers showed α-thalassemia phenotype, but one also jaundice and cholelithiasis. Molecular identification of clusters of families in Southern Italy encouraged molecular characterization of mRNA, globin chain analyses, molecular modeling studies, and comparison with globin variants to understand the mechanisms causing the α-thalassemia phenotype. A normal amount of Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart mRNA were found, and molecular modeling highlighted additional H bonds with AHSP. For Hb Southern Italy, showing an unexpected α/β biosynthetic ratio typical of the β-thalassemia type, two different molecular mechanisms were shown: Reduction of the variant mRNA, likely due to the No-Go Decay for the presence of unused triplet ACG at cod 26, and protein instability due to the impairment of AHSP interaction. The UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A1) genotyping was conclusive in the case of jaundice and cholelithiasis. Multiple approaches are needed to properly identify the mechanisms leading to unstable variants and the effect of a mutation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/genes11080870</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32751969</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Binding Sites ; Biosynthesis ; Blood Proteins - metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Female ; Gene mutations ; Genotyping ; Glucuronosyltransferase ; Glucuronosyltransferase - genetics ; Hematology ; Heme ; Hemoglobin ; Hemoglobin A - chemistry ; Hemoglobin A - genetics ; Hemoglobin A - metabolism ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal - chemistry ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal - genetics ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal - metabolism ; Humans ; Italy ; Jaundice ; Male ; Messenger RNA ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Chaperones - metabolism ; Molecular modelling ; mRNA stability ; Mutation ; Observations ; Phenotype ; Phenotypes ; Physiological aspects ; Protein Binding ; Protein Stability ; Proteins ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger - genetics ; RNA, Messenger - metabolism ; Software ; Studies ; Thalassemia ; Thalassemia - genetics ; Thalassemia - pathology</subject><ispartof>Genes, 2020-07, Vol.11 (8), p.870</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-675bbed30723b80600d50fe5f06ace3f36f4b005ab5b085459b20d2932d8664e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-675bbed30723b80600d50fe5f06ace3f36f4b005ab5b085459b20d2932d8664e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6191-3952 ; 0000-0003-1038-8363</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7466077/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7466077/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27923,27924,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751969$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cardiero, Giovanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Musollino, Gennaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friscia, Maria Grazia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Testa, Rosario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Virruso, Lucrezia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Di Girgenti, Caterina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caldora, Mercedes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colella Bisogno, Rosario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaudiano, Carlo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manco, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lacerra, Giuseppina</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Mutations on mRNA and Globin Stability: The Cases of Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart and Hb Southern Italy</title><title>Genes</title><addtitle>Genes (Basel)</addtitle><description>We identified two unstable variants in the third exon of α-globin genes: Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart (HBA1:c.358C&gt;T), and Hb Caserta (HBA2:c.79G&gt;A) in to Hb Sun Prairie (HBA2:c.391G&gt;C), also named Hb Southern Italy. 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metabolism</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene mutations</topic><topic>Genotyping</topic><topic>Glucuronosyltransferase</topic><topic>Glucuronosyltransferase - genetics</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Heme</topic><topic>Hemoglobin</topic><topic>Hemoglobin A - chemistry</topic><topic>Hemoglobin A - genetics</topic><topic>Hemoglobin A - metabolism</topic><topic>Hemoglobins, Abnormal - chemistry</topic><topic>Hemoglobins, Abnormal - genetics</topic><topic>Hemoglobins, Abnormal - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Italy</topic><topic>Jaundice</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Messenger RNA</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Molecular Chaperones - metabolism</topic><topic>Molecular modelling</topic><topic>mRNA stability</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Observations</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Protein Binding</topic><topic>Protein Stability</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>RNA Stability</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - 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These mutations occurred in the H helix of the α-globin that is involved in heme contacting, specific recognition of α-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP), and α β interactions. The carriers showed α-thalassemia phenotype, but one also jaundice and cholelithiasis. Molecular identification of clusters of families in Southern Italy encouraged molecular characterization of mRNA, globin chain analyses, molecular modeling studies, and comparison with globin variants to understand the mechanisms causing the α-thalassemia phenotype. A normal amount of Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart mRNA were found, and molecular modeling highlighted additional H bonds with AHSP. For Hb Southern Italy, showing an unexpected α/β biosynthetic ratio typical of the β-thalassemia type, two different molecular mechanisms were shown: Reduction of the variant mRNA, likely due to the No-Go Decay for the presence of unused triplet ACG at cod 26, and protein instability due to the impairment of AHSP interaction. The UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A1) genotyping was conclusive in the case of jaundice and cholelithiasis. Multiple approaches are needed to properly identify the mechanisms leading to unstable variants and the effect of a mutation.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>32751969</pmid><doi>10.3390/genes11080870</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6191-3952</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-8363</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Binding Sites
Biosynthesis
Blood Proteins - metabolism
Cells, Cultured
Child
Female
Gene mutations
Genotyping
Glucuronosyltransferase
Glucuronosyltransferase - genetics
Hematology
Heme
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin A - chemistry
Hemoglobin A - genetics
Hemoglobin A - metabolism
Hemoglobins, Abnormal - chemistry
Hemoglobins, Abnormal - genetics
Hemoglobins, Abnormal - metabolism
Humans
Italy
Jaundice
Male
Messenger RNA
Middle Aged
Molecular Chaperones - metabolism
Molecular modelling
mRNA stability
Mutation
Observations
Phenotype
Phenotypes
Physiological aspects
Protein Binding
Protein Stability
Proteins
RNA Stability
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Software
Studies
Thalassemia
Thalassemia - genetics
Thalassemia - pathology
title Effect of Mutations on mRNA and Globin Stability: The Cases of Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart and Hb Southern Italy
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