Assessment of the effect of the COVID‐19 lockdown on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring
Aim To describe the effect of the stringent lockdown measures, introduced in the UK on 23 March 2020 to curtail the transmission of COVID‐19, on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring. Methods We undertook an observational study of 572 individuals with type 1...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetic medicine 2021-01, Vol.38 (1), p.e14374-n/a |
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| creator | Dover, A. R. Ritchie, S. A. McKnight, J. A. Strachan, M. W. J. Zammitt, N. N. Wake, D.J. Forbes, S. Stimson, R. H. Gibb, F. W. |
| description | Aim
To describe the effect of the stringent lockdown measures, introduced in the UK on 23 March 2020 to curtail the transmission of COVID‐19, on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring.
Methods
We undertook an observational study of 572 individuals with type 1 diabetes for whom paired flash glucose monitoring data were available between early March and May 2020. The primary outcome was change in flash glucose monitoring variables. We also assessed clinical variables associated with change in glycaemic control.
Results
Percentage of time in range increased between March and May 2020 [median (interquartile range) 53 (41–64)% vs 56 (45–68)%; P < 0.001], with associated improvements in standard deviation of glucose (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/dme.14374 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7436620</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2430100550</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4434-d02d6f49944d795a0e647762b412adcdbf1a3803d42a172fe2b2f43dd88ef2c73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc1uEzEURkcIRENhwQsgS2xgMa1_bsaZDVKVFqhU1A2wtTz2deLiscN4hig7Vqx5Rp4El5QIkPDGsu7x0Xf1VdVTRk9YOae2xxMGQsK9asaggXoOLbtfzagEXgsq2VH1KOcbShlvRfuwOhJcAm0XMKu-neWMOfcYR5IcGddI0Dk0h9fy-uPl-Y-v31lLQjKfbNpGkiJZhZ3R2HtDTIrjkALxkWwwbQKSrR_XZNxtkDBive5wxEym7OOKuKDzunyeTMpI-hT9mIYyeFw9cDpkfHJ3H1cfXl-8X76tr67fXC7PrmoDIKC2lNvGQdsCWNnONcUGpGx4B4xra2znmBYLKixwzSR3yDvuQFi7WKDjRorj6tXeu5m6Hq0paw86qM3gez3sVNJe_T2Jfq1W6YuSIJqG0yJ4cScY0ucJ86h6nw2GoCOmKSsOgjJK5_Nb9Pk_6E2ahljWK5RkJR-XbaFe7ikzpJwHdIcwjKrbdlVpV_1qt7DP_kx_IH_XWYDTPbD1AXf_N6nzdxd75U-Qd7DF</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2471172279</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Assessment of the effect of the COVID‐19 lockdown on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Dover, A. R. ; Ritchie, S. A. ; McKnight, J. A. ; Strachan, M. W. J. ; Zammitt, N. N. ; Wake, D.J. ; Forbes, S. ; Stimson, R. H. ; Gibb, F. W.</creator><creatorcontrib>Dover, A. R. ; Ritchie, S. A. ; McKnight, J. A. ; Strachan, M. W. J. ; Zammitt, N. N. ; Wake, D.J. ; Forbes, S. ; Stimson, R. H. ; Gibb, F. W.</creatorcontrib><description>Aim
To describe the effect of the stringent lockdown measures, introduced in the UK on 23 March 2020 to curtail the transmission of COVID‐19, on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring.
Methods
We undertook an observational study of 572 individuals with type 1 diabetes for whom paired flash glucose monitoring data were available between early March and May 2020. The primary outcome was change in flash glucose monitoring variables. We also assessed clinical variables associated with change in glycaemic control.
Results
Percentage of time in range increased between March and May 2020 [median (interquartile range) 53 (41–64)% vs 56 (45–68)%; P < 0.001], with associated improvements in standard deviation of glucose (P <0.001) and estimated HbA1c (P <0.001). There was a small reduction in the number of individuals meeting the hypoglycaemia target of <5% per day (64% vs 58%; P = 0.004). Comparing changes in flash glucose monitoring data from March to May in 2019 with the same period in 2020 confirmed that these differences were confined to 2020. Socio‐economic deprivation was an independent predictor of a ≥5% reduction in time in range during lockdown (odds ratio 0.45 for people in the two most affluent Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles; P <0.001).
Conclusions
Lockdown was not associated with a significant deterioration in glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring. However, socio‐economic deprivation appeared to increase the risk of decline in glycaemic control, which has implications for how support is focused in challenging times.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0742-3071</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1464-5491</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/dme.14374</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32740984</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Blood Glucose - analysis ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - methods ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood ; Female ; Glucose ; Glucose monitoring ; Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis ; Glycemic Control - statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quarantine - statistics & numerical data ; Research: Care Delivery ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Scotland ; Shelter in place ; Socioeconomic Factors</subject><ispartof>Diabetic medicine, 2021-01, Vol.38 (1), p.e14374-n/a</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK</rights><rights>2020 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK.</rights><rights>2020. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4434-d02d6f49944d795a0e647762b412adcdbf1a3803d42a172fe2b2f43dd88ef2c73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4434-d02d6f49944d795a0e647762b412adcdbf1a3803d42a172fe2b2f43dd88ef2c73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5576-6463 ; 0000-0002-8214-7625</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fdme.14374$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fdme.14374$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32740984$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dover, A. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritchie, S. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKnight, J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strachan, M. W. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zammitt, N. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wake, D.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forbes, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stimson, R. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibb, F. W.</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of the effect of the COVID‐19 lockdown on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring</title><title>Diabetic medicine</title><addtitle>Diabet Med</addtitle><description>Aim
To describe the effect of the stringent lockdown measures, introduced in the UK on 23 March 2020 to curtail the transmission of COVID‐19, on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring.
Methods
We undertook an observational study of 572 individuals with type 1 diabetes for whom paired flash glucose monitoring data were available between early March and May 2020. The primary outcome was change in flash glucose monitoring variables. We also assessed clinical variables associated with change in glycaemic control.
Results
Percentage of time in range increased between March and May 2020 [median (interquartile range) 53 (41–64)% vs 56 (45–68)%; P < 0.001], with associated improvements in standard deviation of glucose (P <0.001) and estimated HbA1c (P <0.001). There was a small reduction in the number of individuals meeting the hypoglycaemia target of <5% per day (64% vs 58%; P = 0.004). Comparing changes in flash glucose monitoring data from March to May in 2019 with the same period in 2020 confirmed that these differences were confined to 2020. Socio‐economic deprivation was an independent predictor of a ≥5% reduction in time in range during lockdown (odds ratio 0.45 for people in the two most affluent Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles; P <0.001).
Conclusions
Lockdown was not associated with a significant deterioration in glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring. However, socio‐economic deprivation appeared to increase the risk of decline in glycaemic control, which has implications for how support is focused in challenging times.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - analysis</subject><subject>Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention & control</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Glucose monitoring</subject><subject>Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis</subject><subject>Glycemic Control - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypoglycemia</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Quarantine - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Research: Care Delivery</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Scotland</subject><subject>Shelter in place</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><issn>0742-3071</issn><issn>1464-5491</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1uEzEURkcIRENhwQsgS2xgMa1_bsaZDVKVFqhU1A2wtTz2deLiscN4hig7Vqx5Rp4El5QIkPDGsu7x0Xf1VdVTRk9YOae2xxMGQsK9asaggXoOLbtfzagEXgsq2VH1KOcbShlvRfuwOhJcAm0XMKu-neWMOfcYR5IcGddI0Dk0h9fy-uPl-Y-v31lLQjKfbNpGkiJZhZ3R2HtDTIrjkALxkWwwbQKSrR_XZNxtkDBive5wxEym7OOKuKDzunyeTMpI-hT9mIYyeFw9cDpkfHJ3H1cfXl-8X76tr67fXC7PrmoDIKC2lNvGQdsCWNnONcUGpGx4B4xra2znmBYLKixwzSR3yDvuQFi7WKDjRorj6tXeu5m6Hq0paw86qM3gez3sVNJe_T2Jfq1W6YuSIJqG0yJ4cScY0ucJ86h6nw2GoCOmKSsOgjJK5_Nb9Pk_6E2ahljWK5RkJR-XbaFe7ikzpJwHdIcwjKrbdlVpV_1qt7DP_kx_IH_XWYDTPbD1AXf_N6nzdxd75U-Qd7DF</recordid><startdate>202101</startdate><enddate>202101</enddate><creator>Dover, A. R.</creator><creator>Ritchie, S. A.</creator><creator>McKnight, J. A.</creator><creator>Strachan, M. W. J.</creator><creator>Zammitt, N. N.</creator><creator>Wake, D.J.</creator><creator>Forbes, S.</creator><creator>Stimson, R. H.</creator><creator>Gibb, F. 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W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4434-d02d6f49944d795a0e647762b412adcdbf1a3803d42a172fe2b2f43dd88ef2c73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - analysis</topic><topic>Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - prevention & control</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Glucose monitoring</topic><topic>Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis</topic><topic>Glycemic Control - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypoglycemia</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Quarantine - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Research: Care Delivery</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Scotland</topic><topic>Shelter in place</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dover, A. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritchie, S. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKnight, J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strachan, M. W. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zammitt, N. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wake, D.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forbes, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stimson, R. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibb, F. W.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Diabetic medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dover, A. R.</au><au>Ritchie, S. A.</au><au>McKnight, J. A.</au><au>Strachan, M. W. J.</au><au>Zammitt, N. N.</au><au>Wake, D.J.</au><au>Forbes, S.</au><au>Stimson, R. H.</au><au>Gibb, F. W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of the effect of the COVID‐19 lockdown on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring</atitle><jtitle>Diabetic medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Diabet Med</addtitle><date>2021-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e14374</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>e14374-n/a</pages><issn>0742-3071</issn><eissn>1464-5491</eissn><abstract>Aim
To describe the effect of the stringent lockdown measures, introduced in the UK on 23 March 2020 to curtail the transmission of COVID‐19, on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring.
Methods
We undertook an observational study of 572 individuals with type 1 diabetes for whom paired flash glucose monitoring data were available between early March and May 2020. The primary outcome was change in flash glucose monitoring variables. We also assessed clinical variables associated with change in glycaemic control.
Results
Percentage of time in range increased between March and May 2020 [median (interquartile range) 53 (41–64)% vs 56 (45–68)%; P < 0.001], with associated improvements in standard deviation of glucose (P <0.001) and estimated HbA1c (P <0.001). There was a small reduction in the number of individuals meeting the hypoglycaemia target of <5% per day (64% vs 58%; P = 0.004). Comparing changes in flash glucose monitoring data from March to May in 2019 with the same period in 2020 confirmed that these differences were confined to 2020. Socio‐economic deprivation was an independent predictor of a ≥5% reduction in time in range during lockdown (odds ratio 0.45 for people in the two most affluent Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles; P <0.001).
Conclusions
Lockdown was not associated with a significant deterioration in glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring. However, socio‐economic deprivation appeared to increase the risk of decline in glycaemic control, which has implications for how support is focused in challenging times.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>32740984</pmid><doi>10.1111/dme.14374</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-6463</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-7625</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Diabetic medicine, 2021-01, Vol.38 (1), p.e14374-n/a |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Adult Blood Glucose - analysis Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - methods COVID-19 COVID-19 - prevention & control Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood Female Glucose Glucose monitoring Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis Glycemic Control - statistics & numerical data Humans Hypoglycemia Male Middle Aged Quarantine - statistics & numerical data Research: Care Delivery SARS-CoV-2 Scotland Shelter in place Socioeconomic Factors |
| title | Assessment of the effect of the COVID‐19 lockdown on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring |
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