The epidemiological burden and overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-2019 among 202,005 infected patients: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis
Purpose The main purpose of this study was to examine the overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infected populations and the risk of the underlying burden of disease in terms of the case fatality ratio (CFR). Methods We carried out a systematic review and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Infection 2020-12, Vol.48 (6), p.813-833 |
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| creator | Mahumud, Rashidul Alam Kamara, Joseph K. Renzaho, Andre M. N. |
| description | Purpose
The main purpose of this study was to examine the overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infected populations and the risk of the underlying burden of disease in terms of the case fatality ratio (CFR).
Methods
We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on COVID-19 patients published before 10
th
April 2020. Twenty-three studies containing data for 202,005 COVID-19 patients were identified and included in our study. Pooled effects of chronic comorbid conditions and CFR with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models.
Results
A median age of COVID-19 patients was 56.4 years and 55% of the patients were male. The most prevalent chronic comorbid conditions were: any type of chronic comorbidity (37%; 95% CI 32–41%), hypertension (22%; 95% CI 17–27%), diabetes (14%; 95% CI 12–17%), respiratory diseases (5%; 95% CI 3–6%), cardiovascular diseases (13%; 95% CI 10–16%) and other chronic diseases (e.g., cancer) (8%; 95% CI 6–10%). Furthermore, 37% of COVID-19 patients had at least one chronic comorbid condition, 28% of patients had two conditions, and 19% of patients had three or more chronic conditions. The overall pooled CFR was 7% (95% CI 6–7%). The crude CFRs increased significantly with increasing number of chronic comorbid conditions, ranging from 6% for at least one chronic comorbid condition to 13% for 2 or 3 chronic comorbid conditions, 12% for 4 chronic comorbid conditions, 14% for 5 chronic comorbid conditions, and 21% for 6 or more chronic comorbid conditions. Furthermore, the overall CFRs also significantly increased with higher levels of reported clinical symptoms, ranging from 14% for at least four symptoms, to 15% for 5 or 6 symptoms, and 21% for 7 or more symptoms.
Conclusions
The chronic comorbid conditions were identified as dominating risk factors, which should be considered in an emergency disease management and treatment choices. There is urgent need to further enhance systematic and real-time sharing of epidemiologic data, clinical results, and experience to inform the global response to COVID-19. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s15010-020-01502-8 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7434853</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2561654458</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-b434c748605c69ec0489362b09c13fbd2615e2b6918916955a00675a20c042303</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kstuFDEQRVsIRCaBH2CBLLFhQUP51Q8WSCgigBSJTVhbbnf1jKNue7C7B83f8CUs-DJqMiE8FiwsW76nqq6tWxRPOLzkAPWrzDVwKEHQoqMom3vFiivZltDW8n6xAglQNlxUJ8VpztcAoFtVPyxOpGi4FAJWxferDTLc-h4nH8e49s6OrFtSj4HZ0LO4w2THkfU-z8l3y-xjYHFgbpNi8I65OMXU-d7PHjPzgS5IsDuflnwoQpuxFMBbZqcY1j--CRAvyAehA7oZe7a1VBrm_JrhjmwEh2xIcWKW5X2ecSLZsUQafr1xNOFsSxvsuM8-PyoeDHbM-Ph2Pys-X7y7Ov9QXn56__H87WXpVK3mslNSuVo1FWhXtehANa2sRAet43LoelFxjaKrWt60vGq1tgBVra0AQoUEeVa8OfbdLt2EvSPD9C1mm_xk095E683fSvAbs447U9PkRktq8Py2QYpfFsyzmXx2OI42YFyyEUpqLdoaNKHP_kGv45LowUTpildaKd0QJY6USzHnhMOdGQ7mEA9zjIeheJibeJhD0dM_n3FX8isPBMgjkEkKa0y_Z_-n7U9VjMhu</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2561654458</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The epidemiological burden and overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-2019 among 202,005 infected patients: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Mahumud, Rashidul Alam ; Kamara, Joseph K. ; Renzaho, Andre M. N.</creator><creatorcontrib>Mahumud, Rashidul Alam ; Kamara, Joseph K. ; Renzaho, Andre M. N.</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
The main purpose of this study was to examine the overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infected populations and the risk of the underlying burden of disease in terms of the case fatality ratio (CFR).
Methods
We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on COVID-19 patients published before 10
th
April 2020. Twenty-three studies containing data for 202,005 COVID-19 patients were identified and included in our study. Pooled effects of chronic comorbid conditions and CFR with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models.
Results
A median age of COVID-19 patients was 56.4 years and 55% of the patients were male. The most prevalent chronic comorbid conditions were: any type of chronic comorbidity (37%; 95% CI 32–41%), hypertension (22%; 95% CI 17–27%), diabetes (14%; 95% CI 12–17%), respiratory diseases (5%; 95% CI 3–6%), cardiovascular diseases (13%; 95% CI 10–16%) and other chronic diseases (e.g., cancer) (8%; 95% CI 6–10%). Furthermore, 37% of COVID-19 patients had at least one chronic comorbid condition, 28% of patients had two conditions, and 19% of patients had three or more chronic conditions. The overall pooled CFR was 7% (95% CI 6–7%). The crude CFRs increased significantly with increasing number of chronic comorbid conditions, ranging from 6% for at least one chronic comorbid condition to 13% for 2 or 3 chronic comorbid conditions, 12% for 4 chronic comorbid conditions, 14% for 5 chronic comorbid conditions, and 21% for 6 or more chronic comorbid conditions. Furthermore, the overall CFRs also significantly increased with higher levels of reported clinical symptoms, ranging from 14% for at least four symptoms, to 15% for 5 or 6 symptoms, and 21% for 7 or more symptoms.
Conclusions
The chronic comorbid conditions were identified as dominating risk factors, which should be considered in an emergency disease management and treatment choices. There is urgent need to further enhance systematic and real-time sharing of epidemiologic data, clinical results, and experience to inform the global response to COVID-19.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0300-8126</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1439-0973</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01502-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32813220</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Chronic conditions ; Chronic Disease ; Chronic illnesses ; Comorbidity ; Confidence intervals ; Coronaviruses ; Cost of Illness ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - diagnosis ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - mortality ; COVID-19 - virology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Disease ; Epidemiology ; Family Medicine ; Female ; General Practice ; Health risks ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infectious Diseases ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Meta-analysis ; Mortality ; Patients ; Public Health Surveillance ; Publication Bias ; Respiratory diseases ; Review ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Signs and symptoms ; Systematic review ; Time sharing ; Viral diseases</subject><ispartof>Infection, 2020-12, Vol.48 (6), p.813-833</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-b434c748605c69ec0489362b09c13fbd2615e2b6918916955a00675a20c042303</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-b434c748605c69ec0489362b09c13fbd2615e2b6918916955a00675a20c042303</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9788-1868</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s15010-020-01502-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s15010-020-01502-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32813220$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mahumud, Rashidul Alam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamara, Joseph K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renzaho, Andre M. N.</creatorcontrib><title>The epidemiological burden and overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-2019 among 202,005 infected patients: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis</title><title>Infection</title><addtitle>Infection</addtitle><addtitle>Infection</addtitle><description>Purpose
The main purpose of this study was to examine the overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infected populations and the risk of the underlying burden of disease in terms of the case fatality ratio (CFR).
Methods
We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on COVID-19 patients published before 10
th
April 2020. Twenty-three studies containing data for 202,005 COVID-19 patients were identified and included in our study. Pooled effects of chronic comorbid conditions and CFR with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models.
Results
A median age of COVID-19 patients was 56.4 years and 55% of the patients were male. The most prevalent chronic comorbid conditions were: any type of chronic comorbidity (37%; 95% CI 32–41%), hypertension (22%; 95% CI 17–27%), diabetes (14%; 95% CI 12–17%), respiratory diseases (5%; 95% CI 3–6%), cardiovascular diseases (13%; 95% CI 10–16%) and other chronic diseases (e.g., cancer) (8%; 95% CI 6–10%). Furthermore, 37% of COVID-19 patients had at least one chronic comorbid condition, 28% of patients had two conditions, and 19% of patients had three or more chronic conditions. The overall pooled CFR was 7% (95% CI 6–7%). The crude CFRs increased significantly with increasing number of chronic comorbid conditions, ranging from 6% for at least one chronic comorbid condition to 13% for 2 or 3 chronic comorbid conditions, 12% for 4 chronic comorbid conditions, 14% for 5 chronic comorbid conditions, and 21% for 6 or more chronic comorbid conditions. Furthermore, the overall CFRs also significantly increased with higher levels of reported clinical symptoms, ranging from 14% for at least four symptoms, to 15% for 5 or 6 symptoms, and 21% for 7 or more symptoms.
Conclusions
The chronic comorbid conditions were identified as dominating risk factors, which should be considered in an emergency disease management and treatment choices. There is urgent need to further enhance systematic and real-time sharing of epidemiologic data, clinical results, and experience to inform the global response to COVID-19.</description><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Chronic conditions</subject><subject>Chronic Disease</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>Cost of Illness</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - diagnosis</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - mortality</subject><subject>COVID-19 - virology</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Family Medicine</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General Practice</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mass Screening</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Public Health Surveillance</subject><subject>Publication Bias</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Signs and symptoms</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Time sharing</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><issn>0300-8126</issn><issn>1439-0973</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kstuFDEQRVsIRCaBH2CBLLFhQUP51Q8WSCgigBSJTVhbbnf1jKNue7C7B83f8CUs-DJqMiE8FiwsW76nqq6tWxRPOLzkAPWrzDVwKEHQoqMom3vFiivZltDW8n6xAglQNlxUJ8VpztcAoFtVPyxOpGi4FAJWxferDTLc-h4nH8e49s6OrFtSj4HZ0LO4w2THkfU-z8l3y-xjYHFgbpNi8I65OMXU-d7PHjPzgS5IsDuflnwoQpuxFMBbZqcY1j--CRAvyAehA7oZe7a1VBrm_JrhjmwEh2xIcWKW5X2ecSLZsUQafr1xNOFsSxvsuM8-PyoeDHbM-Ph2Pys-X7y7Ov9QXn56__H87WXpVK3mslNSuVo1FWhXtehANa2sRAet43LoelFxjaKrWt60vGq1tgBVra0AQoUEeVa8OfbdLt2EvSPD9C1mm_xk095E683fSvAbs447U9PkRktq8Py2QYpfFsyzmXx2OI42YFyyEUpqLdoaNKHP_kGv45LowUTpildaKd0QJY6USzHnhMOdGQ7mEA9zjIeheJibeJhD0dM_n3FX8isPBMgjkEkKa0y_Z_-n7U9VjMhu</recordid><startdate>20201201</startdate><enddate>20201201</enddate><creator>Mahumud, Rashidul Alam</creator><creator>Kamara, Joseph K.</creator><creator>Renzaho, Andre M. N.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-1868</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201201</creationdate><title>The epidemiological burden and overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-2019 among 202,005 infected patients: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis</title><author>Mahumud, Rashidul Alam ; Kamara, Joseph K. ; Renzaho, Andre M. N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-b434c748605c69ec0489362b09c13fbd2615e2b6918916955a00675a20c042303</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Chronic conditions</topic><topic>Chronic Disease</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>Cost of Illness</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - diagnosis</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - mortality</topic><topic>COVID-19 - virology</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Family Medicine</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General Practice</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Infectious Diseases</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mass Screening</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Public Health Surveillance</topic><topic>Publication Bias</topic><topic>Respiratory diseases</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Risk analysis</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Signs and symptoms</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Time sharing</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mahumud, Rashidul Alam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamara, Joseph K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renzaho, Andre M. N.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Infection</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mahumud, Rashidul Alam</au><au>Kamara, Joseph K.</au><au>Renzaho, Andre M. N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The epidemiological burden and overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-2019 among 202,005 infected patients: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis</atitle><jtitle>Infection</jtitle><stitle>Infection</stitle><addtitle>Infection</addtitle><date>2020-12-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>813</spage><epage>833</epage><pages>813-833</pages><issn>0300-8126</issn><eissn>1439-0973</eissn><abstract>Purpose
The main purpose of this study was to examine the overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infected populations and the risk of the underlying burden of disease in terms of the case fatality ratio (CFR).
Methods
We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on COVID-19 patients published before 10
th
April 2020. Twenty-three studies containing data for 202,005 COVID-19 patients were identified and included in our study. Pooled effects of chronic comorbid conditions and CFR with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models.
Results
A median age of COVID-19 patients was 56.4 years and 55% of the patients were male. The most prevalent chronic comorbid conditions were: any type of chronic comorbidity (37%; 95% CI 32–41%), hypertension (22%; 95% CI 17–27%), diabetes (14%; 95% CI 12–17%), respiratory diseases (5%; 95% CI 3–6%), cardiovascular diseases (13%; 95% CI 10–16%) and other chronic diseases (e.g., cancer) (8%; 95% CI 6–10%). Furthermore, 37% of COVID-19 patients had at least one chronic comorbid condition, 28% of patients had two conditions, and 19% of patients had three or more chronic conditions. The overall pooled CFR was 7% (95% CI 6–7%). The crude CFRs increased significantly with increasing number of chronic comorbid conditions, ranging from 6% for at least one chronic comorbid condition to 13% for 2 or 3 chronic comorbid conditions, 12% for 4 chronic comorbid conditions, 14% for 5 chronic comorbid conditions, and 21% for 6 or more chronic comorbid conditions. Furthermore, the overall CFRs also significantly increased with higher levels of reported clinical symptoms, ranging from 14% for at least four symptoms, to 15% for 5 or 6 symptoms, and 21% for 7 or more symptoms.
Conclusions
The chronic comorbid conditions were identified as dominating risk factors, which should be considered in an emergency disease management and treatment choices. There is urgent need to further enhance systematic and real-time sharing of epidemiologic data, clinical results, and experience to inform the global response to COVID-19.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>32813220</pmid><doi>10.1007/s15010-020-01502-8</doi><tpages>21</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-1868</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Chronic conditions Chronic Disease Chronic illnesses Comorbidity Confidence intervals Coronaviruses Cost of Illness COVID-19 COVID-19 - diagnosis COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - mortality COVID-19 - virology Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Disease Epidemiology Family Medicine Female General Practice Health risks Humans Hypertension Infectious Diseases Internal Medicine Male Mass Screening Medicine Medicine & Public Health Meta-analysis Mortality Patients Public Health Surveillance Publication Bias Respiratory diseases Review Risk analysis Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Signs and symptoms Systematic review Time sharing Viral diseases |
| title | The epidemiological burden and overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-2019 among 202,005 infected patients: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis |
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