Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): User demographics, use patterns, and implications for the opioid epidemic

•Kratom is a Southeast Asian plant with opioid-receptor mediated effects.•Kratom has recently emerged as a substance of abuse, with limited available data.•Kratom is being used by White, middle-aged Americans for pain, anxiety, depression.•Users also report using kratom to decrease opioid use, withd...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Drug and alcohol dependence 2020-03, Vol.208, p.107849-107849, Article 107849
Hauptverfasser:	Garcia-Romeu, Albert, Cox, David J., Smith, Kirsten E., Dunn, Kelly E., Griffiths, Roland R.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Adult Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - isolation & purification Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - therapeutic use Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects Analgesics, Opioid - therapeutic use Anxiety Anxiety - drug therapy Anxiety - epidemiology Anxiety - psychology Craving Cross-Sectional Studies Demographics Demography Dosage Drug abuse Drug addiction Drug withdrawal Epidemics Epidemiology Female Harm reduction Herbal medicine Humans Kratom Male Mental depression Middle age Middle Aged Mitragyna Mitragyna speciosa Mitragynine Narcotics Opioid Epidemic - prevention & control Opioid receptors Opioid use disorder Opioid-Related Disorders - drug therapy Opioid-Related Disorders - epidemiology Opioid-Related Disorders - psychology Opioids Pain Pain - drug therapy Pain - epidemiology Pain - psychology Pharmacology Plant Extracts - isolation & purification Plant Extracts - therapeutic use Polls & surveys Privacy Side effects Sociodemographics Substance abuse treatment Substance use Substance use disorder Surveys and Questionnaires Young Adult
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