Correlation Between Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients Assessed by Pneumonia Severity Index: An Observational Descriptive Study
Introduction Pneumonia severity index (PSI) is a prognostic index used for estimating the possibility of death due to community-acquired pneumonia. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Vitamin D also has antimicrobial properties and according to recent...
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| creator | Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki E Mantzouranis, Konstantinos Damaskos, Christos Karakou, Evgenia Melemeni, Despoina Mermigkis, Dimitrios Petsinis, Georgios Sklapani, Pagona Trakas, Nikolaos Tsiafaki, Xanthi |
| description | Introduction Pneumonia severity index (PSI) is a prognostic index used for estimating the possibility of death due to community-acquired pneumonia. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Vitamin D also has antimicrobial properties and according to recent studies, its deficiency may be correlated to an increased frequency of respiratory infections. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the best vitamin D status index reflecting vitamin D produced in the skin and offered from food and dietary supplements. Methods The study involved patients, who fulfilled the criteria of community-acquired pneumonia. The exclusion criteria were: patients |
| doi_str_mv | 10.7759/cureus.8947 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7398711</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2438856560</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c302t-1cd3fd2855afa3e6eba46898496ef88bf801a0c019b853d639cf71165980f443</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkl1rFDEUhgdRbKm98l4C3ggyNZnMR-KFsN1Wt7BQob0PmeSMpswk22QydvyB_q5mu3VZhUASznPec07yZtlbgs-apuKfVPQQwxnjZfMiOy5IzXJGWPny4HyUnYZwhzEmuClwg19nR7Ro6orz4jj7s3TeQy9H4yw6h_EXgEU34OOA1jBBH5DrUFHlq1l79zBPZpSDsegCSasTN4E347xllm4Yok2XfKHuo_Gg0XcLcXDWSJQyVi5sUnJvfm8jqR7YMaBFCJCWRu18gO91r6yGh89oYdF1G8BPT23KHl1AUN5sRjMBuhmjnt9krzrZBzh93k-y26-Xt8tVvr7-drVcrHNFcTHmRGna6YJVlewkhRpaWdaMs5LX0DHWdgwTiRUmvGUV1TXlqmsISW_FcFeW9CT7spPdxHYArdIMXvZi480g_SycNOLfiDU_xQ83iYZyloSSwIdnAe_uI4RRDCYo6HtpwcUgipKS9Ge82NZ6_x9656JP0z9RjFV1VeNEfdxRyrsQPHT7ZggWW4eInUPE1iGJfnfY_5796wf6CE4QvSM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2438856560</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Correlation Between Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients Assessed by Pneumonia Severity Index: An Observational Descriptive Study</title><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki E ; Mantzouranis, Konstantinos ; Damaskos, Christos ; Karakou, Evgenia ; Melemeni, Despoina ; Mermigkis, Dimitrios ; Petsinis, Georgios ; Sklapani, Pagona ; Trakas, Nikolaos ; Tsiafaki, Xanthi</creator><creatorcontrib>Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki E ; Mantzouranis, Konstantinos ; Damaskos, Christos ; Karakou, Evgenia ; Melemeni, Despoina ; Mermigkis, Dimitrios ; Petsinis, Georgios ; Sklapani, Pagona ; Trakas, Nikolaos ; Tsiafaki, Xanthi</creatorcontrib><description>Introduction Pneumonia severity index (PSI) is a prognostic index used for estimating the possibility of death due to community-acquired pneumonia. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Vitamin D also has antimicrobial properties and according to recent studies, its deficiency may be correlated to an increased frequency of respiratory infections. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the best vitamin D status index reflecting vitamin D produced in the skin and offered from food and dietary supplements. Methods The study involved patients, who fulfilled the criteria of community-acquired pneumonia. The exclusion criteria were: patients <18 years old, severely immunocompromised patients, patients with tuberculosis, patients with malabsorption disorders, nursing home residents, patients with a history of malignancy, chronic renal or liver disease, patients with congestive health failure or cerebrovascular disease, and patients receiving vitamin D as a supplement. The following parameters, recorded on admission, were evaluated: age, sex, co-morbidity, residence in a nursing home, duration of symptoms, clinical symptoms, confusion, blood gas analysis, chest radiograph (pleural effusion), and laboratory parameters. The patients were classified in risk classes according to the PSI. Blood samples were collected within the first 48 hours of hospitalization. The serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined by electrochemiluminescence binding assay in Roche Cobas 601 immunoassay analyzer and mean serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in each risk class were calculated. For statistical analysis, the statistical program SPSS for Windows version 17.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used. Results A total of 46 patients, 28 males and 18 females, with a mean age of 71.5±17.57 years, hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, were included. Sixteen patients (35%) had a severe deficiency, with 25(OH)D levels <10 ng/ml, 17 patients (37%) had moderate deficiency with 25(OH)D levels between 10-20 ng/ml, and 13 patients (28%) had insufficiency with 25(OH)D levels between 20-29 ng/ml. According to the PSI, four (8.7%) patients with a mean age of 53.75±15.43 years were classified as risk class I, 10 (21.7%) patients with a mean age of 54.7±14.82 years as class II, 10 (21.7%) patients with a mean age of 68.41±3.96 years as class III, 17 (37%) patients with a mean age of 84.82±9.73 years as class IV, and five (10.9%) patients with a mean age of 80.2±9.41 years as class V. The mean levels of 25(OH)D were 19.11±11.24 ng/ml in class I, 16.81±8.94 ng/ml in class II, 16.65±9.18 ng/ml in class III, 14.76±10.22 ng/ml in class IV, and 7.49±4.41 ng/ml in class V. There was a positive correlation between low levels of 25(OH)D and the pneumonia severity and statistically significant difference between the mean levels of 25(OH)D in class V (7.49±4.41 ng/ml) compared to overall mean levels in classes I, II, III and IV (16.15±9.49 ng/ml), with p<0.05. Conclusions According to our results, there was a positive association between low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and community-acquired pneumonia severity assessed by PSI. The determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D status, mostly in patients >60 years old, may prevent severe community-acquired pneumonia.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8947</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32765992</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Cureus Inc</publisher><subject>Age ; Antibiotics ; Blood gas analysis ; Cell growth ; Dietary supplements ; Epidemiology/Public Health ; Females ; Hospitalization ; Infectious Disease ; Laboratories ; Medical prognosis ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Nursing homes ; Patients ; Peptides ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonology ; Variance analysis ; Vitamin D</subject><ispartof>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA), 2020-07, Vol.12 (7), p.e8947-e8947</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2020, Georgakopoulou et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020, Georgakopoulou et al. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020, Georgakopoulou et al. 2020 Georgakopoulou et al.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c302t-1cd3fd2855afa3e6eba46898496ef88bf801a0c019b853d639cf71165980f443</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c302t-1cd3fd2855afa3e6eba46898496ef88bf801a0c019b853d639cf71165980f443</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7398711/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7398711/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32765992$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mantzouranis, Konstantinos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Damaskos, Christos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karakou, Evgenia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melemeni, Despoina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mermigkis, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petsinis, Georgios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sklapani, Pagona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trakas, Nikolaos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsiafaki, Xanthi</creatorcontrib><title>Correlation Between Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients Assessed by Pneumonia Severity Index: An Observational Descriptive Study</title><title>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</title><addtitle>Cureus</addtitle><description>Introduction Pneumonia severity index (PSI) is a prognostic index used for estimating the possibility of death due to community-acquired pneumonia. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Vitamin D also has antimicrobial properties and according to recent studies, its deficiency may be correlated to an increased frequency of respiratory infections. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the best vitamin D status index reflecting vitamin D produced in the skin and offered from food and dietary supplements. Methods The study involved patients, who fulfilled the criteria of community-acquired pneumonia. The exclusion criteria were: patients <18 years old, severely immunocompromised patients, patients with tuberculosis, patients with malabsorption disorders, nursing home residents, patients with a history of malignancy, chronic renal or liver disease, patients with congestive health failure or cerebrovascular disease, and patients receiving vitamin D as a supplement. The following parameters, recorded on admission, were evaluated: age, sex, co-morbidity, residence in a nursing home, duration of symptoms, clinical symptoms, confusion, blood gas analysis, chest radiograph (pleural effusion), and laboratory parameters. The patients were classified in risk classes according to the PSI. Blood samples were collected within the first 48 hours of hospitalization. The serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined by electrochemiluminescence binding assay in Roche Cobas 601 immunoassay analyzer and mean serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in each risk class were calculated. For statistical analysis, the statistical program SPSS for Windows version 17.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used. Results A total of 46 patients, 28 males and 18 females, with a mean age of 71.5±17.57 years, hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, were included. Sixteen patients (35%) had a severe deficiency, with 25(OH)D levels <10 ng/ml, 17 patients (37%) had moderate deficiency with 25(OH)D levels between 10-20 ng/ml, and 13 patients (28%) had insufficiency with 25(OH)D levels between 20-29 ng/ml. According to the PSI, four (8.7%) patients with a mean age of 53.75±15.43 years were classified as risk class I, 10 (21.7%) patients with a mean age of 54.7±14.82 years as class II, 10 (21.7%) patients with a mean age of 68.41±3.96 years as class III, 17 (37%) patients with a mean age of 84.82±9.73 years as class IV, and five (10.9%) patients with a mean age of 80.2±9.41 years as class V. The mean levels of 25(OH)D were 19.11±11.24 ng/ml in class I, 16.81±8.94 ng/ml in class II, 16.65±9.18 ng/ml in class III, 14.76±10.22 ng/ml in class IV, and 7.49±4.41 ng/ml in class V. There was a positive correlation between low levels of 25(OH)D and the pneumonia severity and statistically significant difference between the mean levels of 25(OH)D in class V (7.49±4.41 ng/ml) compared to overall mean levels in classes I, II, III and IV (16.15±9.49 ng/ml), with p<0.05. Conclusions According to our results, there was a positive association between low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and community-acquired pneumonia severity assessed by PSI. The determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D status, mostly in patients >60 years old, may prevent severe community-acquired pneumonia.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Blood gas analysis</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Dietary supplements</subject><subject>Epidemiology/Public Health</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Infectious Disease</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nursing homes</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Pulmonology</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><issn>2168-8184</issn><issn>2168-8184</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkl1rFDEUhgdRbKm98l4C3ggyNZnMR-KFsN1Wt7BQob0PmeSMpswk22QydvyB_q5mu3VZhUASznPec07yZtlbgs-apuKfVPQQwxnjZfMiOy5IzXJGWPny4HyUnYZwhzEmuClwg19nR7Ro6orz4jj7s3TeQy9H4yw6h_EXgEU34OOA1jBBH5DrUFHlq1l79zBPZpSDsegCSasTN4E347xllm4Yok2XfKHuo_Gg0XcLcXDWSJQyVi5sUnJvfm8jqR7YMaBFCJCWRu18gO91r6yGh89oYdF1G8BPT23KHl1AUN5sRjMBuhmjnt9krzrZBzh93k-y26-Xt8tVvr7-drVcrHNFcTHmRGna6YJVlewkhRpaWdaMs5LX0DHWdgwTiRUmvGUV1TXlqmsISW_FcFeW9CT7spPdxHYArdIMXvZi480g_SycNOLfiDU_xQ83iYZyloSSwIdnAe_uI4RRDCYo6HtpwcUgipKS9Ge82NZ6_x9656JP0z9RjFV1VeNEfdxRyrsQPHT7ZggWW4eInUPE1iGJfnfY_5796wf6CE4QvSM</recordid><startdate>20200701</startdate><enddate>20200701</enddate><creator>Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki E</creator><creator>Mantzouranis, Konstantinos</creator><creator>Damaskos, Christos</creator><creator>Karakou, Evgenia</creator><creator>Melemeni, Despoina</creator><creator>Mermigkis, Dimitrios</creator><creator>Petsinis, Georgios</creator><creator>Sklapani, Pagona</creator><creator>Trakas, Nikolaos</creator><creator>Tsiafaki, Xanthi</creator><general>Cureus Inc</general><general>Cureus</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200701</creationdate><title>Correlation Between Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients Assessed by Pneumonia Severity Index: An Observational Descriptive Study</title><author>Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki E ; Mantzouranis, Konstantinos ; Damaskos, Christos ; Karakou, Evgenia ; Melemeni, Despoina ; Mermigkis, Dimitrios ; Petsinis, Georgios ; Sklapani, Pagona ; Trakas, Nikolaos ; Tsiafaki, Xanthi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c302t-1cd3fd2855afa3e6eba46898496ef88bf801a0c019b853d639cf71165980f443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Blood gas analysis</topic><topic>Cell growth</topic><topic>Dietary supplements</topic><topic>Epidemiology/Public Health</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Infectious Disease</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Nursing homes</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Peptides</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Pulmonology</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mantzouranis, Konstantinos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Damaskos, Christos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karakou, Evgenia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melemeni, Despoina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mermigkis, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petsinis, Georgios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sklapani, Pagona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trakas, Nikolaos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsiafaki, Xanthi</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki E</au><au>Mantzouranis, Konstantinos</au><au>Damaskos, Christos</au><au>Karakou, Evgenia</au><au>Melemeni, Despoina</au><au>Mermigkis, Dimitrios</au><au>Petsinis, Georgios</au><au>Sklapani, Pagona</au><au>Trakas, Nikolaos</au><au>Tsiafaki, Xanthi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Correlation Between Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients Assessed by Pneumonia Severity Index: An Observational Descriptive Study</atitle><jtitle>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</jtitle><addtitle>Cureus</addtitle><date>2020-07-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e8947</spage><epage>e8947</epage><pages>e8947-e8947</pages><issn>2168-8184</issn><eissn>2168-8184</eissn><abstract>Introduction Pneumonia severity index (PSI) is a prognostic index used for estimating the possibility of death due to community-acquired pneumonia. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Vitamin D also has antimicrobial properties and according to recent studies, its deficiency may be correlated to an increased frequency of respiratory infections. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the best vitamin D status index reflecting vitamin D produced in the skin and offered from food and dietary supplements. Methods The study involved patients, who fulfilled the criteria of community-acquired pneumonia. The exclusion criteria were: patients <18 years old, severely immunocompromised patients, patients with tuberculosis, patients with malabsorption disorders, nursing home residents, patients with a history of malignancy, chronic renal or liver disease, patients with congestive health failure or cerebrovascular disease, and patients receiving vitamin D as a supplement. The following parameters, recorded on admission, were evaluated: age, sex, co-morbidity, residence in a nursing home, duration of symptoms, clinical symptoms, confusion, blood gas analysis, chest radiograph (pleural effusion), and laboratory parameters. The patients were classified in risk classes according to the PSI. Blood samples were collected within the first 48 hours of hospitalization. The serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined by electrochemiluminescence binding assay in Roche Cobas 601 immunoassay analyzer and mean serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in each risk class were calculated. For statistical analysis, the statistical program SPSS for Windows version 17.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used. Results A total of 46 patients, 28 males and 18 females, with a mean age of 71.5±17.57 years, hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, were included. Sixteen patients (35%) had a severe deficiency, with 25(OH)D levels <10 ng/ml, 17 patients (37%) had moderate deficiency with 25(OH)D levels between 10-20 ng/ml, and 13 patients (28%) had insufficiency with 25(OH)D levels between 20-29 ng/ml. According to the PSI, four (8.7%) patients with a mean age of 53.75±15.43 years were classified as risk class I, 10 (21.7%) patients with a mean age of 54.7±14.82 years as class II, 10 (21.7%) patients with a mean age of 68.41±3.96 years as class III, 17 (37%) patients with a mean age of 84.82±9.73 years as class IV, and five (10.9%) patients with a mean age of 80.2±9.41 years as class V. The mean levels of 25(OH)D were 19.11±11.24 ng/ml in class I, 16.81±8.94 ng/ml in class II, 16.65±9.18 ng/ml in class III, 14.76±10.22 ng/ml in class IV, and 7.49±4.41 ng/ml in class V. There was a positive correlation between low levels of 25(OH)D and the pneumonia severity and statistically significant difference between the mean levels of 25(OH)D in class V (7.49±4.41 ng/ml) compared to overall mean levels in classes I, II, III and IV (16.15±9.49 ng/ml), with p<0.05. Conclusions According to our results, there was a positive association between low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and community-acquired pneumonia severity assessed by PSI. The determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D status, mostly in patients >60 years old, may prevent severe community-acquired pneumonia.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Cureus Inc</pub><pmid>32765992</pmid><doi>10.7759/cureus.8947</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age Antibiotics Blood gas analysis Cell growth Dietary supplements Epidemiology/Public Health Females Hospitalization Infectious Disease Laboratories Medical prognosis Morbidity Mortality Nursing homes Patients Peptides Pneumonia Pulmonology Variance analysis Vitamin D |
| title | Correlation Between Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients Assessed by Pneumonia Severity Index: An Observational Descriptive Study |
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