Polymerization mechanism of natural lacquer sap with special phase structure
Lacquer sap is a water-in-oil natural emulsion with high viscosity. In nature, it exudes from the phloem of lacquer tree to repair its wounds in the presence of O 2 . So far, it is unclear how rapid and smooth polymerization of urushiol is achieved in such a viscous sap. Here, we find that there is...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2020-07, Vol.10 (1), p.12867-12867, Article 12867 |
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| creator | Yang, Jianhong Chen, Nan Zhu, Jianfeng Cai, Jun Deng, Jianping Pan, Feifei Gao, Lianghe Jiang, Zhenfei Shen, Fengqin |
| description | Lacquer sap is a water-in-oil natural emulsion with high viscosity. In nature, it exudes from the phloem of lacquer tree to repair its wounds in the presence of O
2
. So far, it is unclear how rapid and smooth polymerization of urushiol is achieved in such a viscous sap. Here, we find that there is a diffuse interface layer with 2.43 nm of thickness between two phases. The interface layer consists of urushiol, urushiol–laccase complex, urushiol–stellacyanin complex and water-insoluble glycoprotein. Polymerization of urushiol is realized by multicomponent synergistic effect. Radicals are first formed by laccase-catalyzed oxidation of urushiol at the interface layer, then are transferred to the urushiol oil phase via wate-insoluble glycoprotein and initiate the polymerization of urushiol there. Stellacyanin inhibits the formation of certain radicals and controls the concentration of phenoxy radicals at the interface layer. Through the inhibition of radicals by stellacyanin and the electron transfer mediated by water-insoluble glycoprotein, the polymerization of urushiol at the interface layer is inhibited. This ensures that O
2
can continuously penetrate into the aqueous phase to oxidize the reduced laccase so that the urushiol polymerization can continue smoothly. This polymerization mechanism provides an idea for developing new chemical reaction systems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-020-69823-0 |
| format | Article |
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2
. So far, it is unclear how rapid and smooth polymerization of urushiol is achieved in such a viscous sap. Here, we find that there is a diffuse interface layer with 2.43 nm of thickness between two phases. The interface layer consists of urushiol, urushiol–laccase complex, urushiol–stellacyanin complex and water-insoluble glycoprotein. Polymerization of urushiol is realized by multicomponent synergistic effect. Radicals are first formed by laccase-catalyzed oxidation of urushiol at the interface layer, then are transferred to the urushiol oil phase via wate-insoluble glycoprotein and initiate the polymerization of urushiol there. Stellacyanin inhibits the formation of certain radicals and controls the concentration of phenoxy radicals at the interface layer. Through the inhibition of radicals by stellacyanin and the electron transfer mediated by water-insoluble glycoprotein, the polymerization of urushiol at the interface layer is inhibited. This ensures that O
2
can continuously penetrate into the aqueous phase to oxidize the reduced laccase so that the urushiol polymerization can continue smoothly. This polymerization mechanism provides an idea for developing new chemical reaction systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69823-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32733059</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/449 ; 639/301 ; 639/638 ; Chemical reactions ; Electron transfer ; Glycoproteins ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Laccase ; multidisciplinary ; Multidisciplinary Sciences ; Oxidation ; Polymerization ; Radicals ; Science ; Science & Technology ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Synergistic effect ; Wound healing</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2020-07, Vol.10 (1), p.12867-12867, Article 12867</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>14</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000559797100085</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-1648b1feb5b7c27b99638fcb24867c43123f74e9de4d2308bf7afa9f91f9b3b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-1648b1feb5b7c27b99638fcb24867c43123f74e9de4d2308bf7afa9f91f9b3b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5127-0647</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7393129/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7393129/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,866,887,2116,27931,27932,28255,41127,42196,51583,53798,53800</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yang, Jianhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Nan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jianfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cai, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Jianping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Feifei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Lianghe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Zhenfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Fengqin</creatorcontrib><title>Polymerization mechanism of natural lacquer sap with special phase structure</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>SCI REP-UK</addtitle><description>Lacquer sap is a water-in-oil natural emulsion with high viscosity. In nature, it exudes from the phloem of lacquer tree to repair its wounds in the presence of O
2
. So far, it is unclear how rapid and smooth polymerization of urushiol is achieved in such a viscous sap. Here, we find that there is a diffuse interface layer with 2.43 nm of thickness between two phases. The interface layer consists of urushiol, urushiol–laccase complex, urushiol–stellacyanin complex and water-insoluble glycoprotein. Polymerization of urushiol is realized by multicomponent synergistic effect. Radicals are first formed by laccase-catalyzed oxidation of urushiol at the interface layer, then are transferred to the urushiol oil phase via wate-insoluble glycoprotein and initiate the polymerization of urushiol there. Stellacyanin inhibits the formation of certain radicals and controls the concentration of phenoxy radicals at the interface layer. Through the inhibition of radicals by stellacyanin and the electron transfer mediated by water-insoluble glycoprotein, the polymerization of urushiol at the interface layer is inhibited. This ensures that O
2
can continuously penetrate into the aqueous phase to oxidize the reduced laccase so that the urushiol polymerization can continue smoothly. This polymerization mechanism provides an idea for developing new chemical reaction systems.</description><subject>631/449</subject><subject>639/301</subject><subject>639/638</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Electron transfer</subject><subject>Glycoproteins</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Laccase</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Multidisciplinary Sciences</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Polymerization</subject><subject>Radicals</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Science & Technology - Other Topics</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Synergistic effect</subject><subject>Wound healing</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1rFTEUxYMottT-A64G3Agymq95STaCPLQVHuii-5Dk3fSlzCRjkrHUv968TqkfCzGbXLi_cziXg9BLgt8SzOS7wsmgZI8p7jdKUtbjJ-iUYj70lFH69Lf5BJ2XcoPbG6jiRD1HJ4wKxvCgTtHuaxrvJsjhh6khxW4CdzAxlKlLvoumLtmM3WjctwVyV8zc3YZ66MoMLrTFfDAFulLz4hoJL9Azb8YC5w__Gbr69PFqe9nvvlx83n7Y9Y5LWXuy4dISD3awwlFhldow6Z2lXG6E44xQ5gUHtQe-pwxL64XxRnlFvLLMsjP0frWdFzvB3kGsLaWec5hMvtPJBP3nJoaDvk7ftWCqmatm8PrBIKd2WKl6CsXBOJoIaSmacqqEkGqQDX31F3qTlhzbdUdKikEKyhpFV8rlVEoG_xiGYH2sS6916VaXvq9L4yZ6s4puwSZfXIDo4FF4rGtQQgnSJjk0Wv4_vQ31vs5tWmJtUrZKS8PjNeRfN_wj3k8OQrir</recordid><startdate>20200730</startdate><enddate>20200730</enddate><creator>Yang, Jianhong</creator><creator>Chen, Nan</creator><creator>Zhu, Jianfeng</creator><creator>Cai, Jun</creator><creator>Deng, Jianping</creator><creator>Pan, Feifei</creator><creator>Gao, Lianghe</creator><creator>Jiang, Zhenfei</creator><creator>Shen, Fengqin</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>NATURE PORTFOLIO</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-0647</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200730</creationdate><title>Polymerization mechanism of natural lacquer sap with special phase structure</title><author>Yang, Jianhong ; 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In nature, it exudes from the phloem of lacquer tree to repair its wounds in the presence of O
2
. So far, it is unclear how rapid and smooth polymerization of urushiol is achieved in such a viscous sap. Here, we find that there is a diffuse interface layer with 2.43 nm of thickness between two phases. The interface layer consists of urushiol, urushiol–laccase complex, urushiol–stellacyanin complex and water-insoluble glycoprotein. Polymerization of urushiol is realized by multicomponent synergistic effect. Radicals are first formed by laccase-catalyzed oxidation of urushiol at the interface layer, then are transferred to the urushiol oil phase via wate-insoluble glycoprotein and initiate the polymerization of urushiol there. Stellacyanin inhibits the formation of certain radicals and controls the concentration of phenoxy radicals at the interface layer. Through the inhibition of radicals by stellacyanin and the electron transfer mediated by water-insoluble glycoprotein, the polymerization of urushiol at the interface layer is inhibited. This ensures that O
2
can continuously penetrate into the aqueous phase to oxidize the reduced laccase so that the urushiol polymerization can continue smoothly. This polymerization mechanism provides an idea for developing new chemical reaction systems.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>32733059</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-020-69823-0</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-0647</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 631/449 639/301 639/638 Chemical reactions Electron transfer Glycoproteins Humanities and Social Sciences Laccase multidisciplinary Multidisciplinary Sciences Oxidation Polymerization Radicals Science Science & Technology Science & Technology - Other Topics Science (multidisciplinary) Synergistic effect Wound healing |
| title | Polymerization mechanism of natural lacquer sap with special phase structure |
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