Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review)

In a relatively short period of time, treatment strategies for metastatic melanoma have radically changed leading to an unprecedented improvement in patient survival. In this period, immunotherapy options have evolved from cytokine‑based approaches to antibody‑mediated inhibition of immune checkpoin...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of oncology 2020-09, Vol.57 (3), p.609-618
Hauptverfasser: Leonardi, Giulia C, Candido, Saverio, Falzone, Luca, Spandidos, Demetrios A, Libra, Massimo
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container_end_page 618
container_issue 3
container_start_page 609
container_title International journal of oncology
container_volume 57
creator Leonardi, Giulia C
Candido, Saverio
Falzone, Luca
Spandidos, Demetrios A
Libra, Massimo
description In a relatively short period of time, treatment strategies for metastatic melanoma have radically changed leading to an unprecedented improvement in patient survival. In this period, immunotherapy options have evolved from cytokine‑based approaches to antibody‑mediated inhibition of immune checkpoints, cancer vaccines and pharmacological modulation of the melanoma microenvironment. Combination of immunotherapy strategies and the association of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with BRAF V600 targeted therapy show encouraging results. The future of drug development in this field is promising. The comprehension of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms to ICIs and the dissection of melanoma immunobiology will be instrumental for the development of new treatment strategies and to improve clinical trial design. Moreover, biomarker discovery will help patient stratification and management during immunotherapy treatment. In this review, we summarize landmark clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma and discuss the rational for immunotherapy combinations. Immunotherapy approaches at early stage of clinical development and recent advances in melanoma immunotherapy biomarker development are also discussed.
doi_str_mv 10.3892/ijo.2020.5088
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subjects Antibodies
Antigens
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - pharmacology
Biological Products - pharmacology
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - immunology
Cancer metastasis
Cancer therapies
Cancer vaccines
Cancer Vaccines - immunology
Cancer Vaccines - pharmacology
Clinical trials
CTLA-4 Antigen - antagonists & inhibitors
Cytokines
Drug development
Drug therapy
FDA approval
Herpesvirus 1, Human
Humans
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - pharmacology
Immunity, Innate - drug effects
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
Ipilimumab
Medical prognosis
Melanoma
Melanoma - therapy
Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
Metastasis
Microbiota - immunology
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Nivolumab
Patients
Pembrolizumab
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - analysis
Skin cancer
Skin Neoplasms - therapy
Talimogene laherparepvec
Tumor Microenvironment - immunology
Tumors
Vaccines
title Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review)
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