Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review)
In a relatively short period of time, treatment strategies for metastatic melanoma have radically changed leading to an unprecedented improvement in patient survival. In this period, immunotherapy options have evolved from cytokine‑based approaches to antibody‑mediated inhibition of immune checkpoin...
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Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of oncology 2020-09, Vol.57 (3), p.609-618 |
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creator | Leonardi, Giulia C Candido, Saverio Falzone, Luca Spandidos, Demetrios A Libra, Massimo |
description | In a relatively short period of time, treatment strategies for metastatic melanoma have radically changed leading to an unprecedented improvement in patient survival. In this period, immunotherapy options have evolved from cytokine‑based approaches to antibody‑mediated inhibition of immune checkpoints, cancer vaccines and pharmacological modulation of the melanoma microenvironment. Combination of immunotherapy strategies and the association of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with BRAF V600 targeted therapy show encouraging results. The future of drug development in this field is promising. The comprehension of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms to ICIs and the dissection of melanoma immunobiology will be instrumental for the development of new treatment strategies and to improve clinical trial design. Moreover, biomarker discovery will help patient stratification and management during immunotherapy treatment. In this review, we summarize landmark clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma and discuss the rational for immunotherapy combinations. Immunotherapy approaches at early stage of clinical development and recent advances in melanoma immunotherapy biomarker development are also discussed. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3892/ijo.2020.5088 |
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In this period, immunotherapy options have evolved from cytokine‑based approaches to antibody‑mediated inhibition of immune checkpoints, cancer vaccines and pharmacological modulation of the melanoma microenvironment. Combination of immunotherapy strategies and the association of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with BRAF V600 targeted therapy show encouraging results. The future of drug development in this field is promising. The comprehension of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms to ICIs and the dissection of melanoma immunobiology will be instrumental for the development of new treatment strategies and to improve clinical trial design. Moreover, biomarker discovery will help patient stratification and management during immunotherapy treatment. In this review, we summarize landmark clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma and discuss the rational for immunotherapy combinations. 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In this period, immunotherapy options have evolved from cytokine‑based approaches to antibody‑mediated inhibition of immune checkpoints, cancer vaccines and pharmacological modulation of the melanoma microenvironment. Combination of immunotherapy strategies and the association of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with BRAF V600 targeted therapy show encouraging results. The future of drug development in this field is promising. The comprehension of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms to ICIs and the dissection of melanoma immunobiology will be instrumental for the development of new treatment strategies and to improve clinical trial design. Moreover, biomarker discovery will help patient stratification and management during immunotherapy treatment. In this review, we summarize landmark clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma and discuss the rational for immunotherapy combinations. 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subjects | Antibodies Antigens Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - pharmacology Biological Products - pharmacology Biomarkers Biomarkers, Tumor - immunology Cancer metastasis Cancer therapies Cancer vaccines Cancer Vaccines - immunology Cancer Vaccines - pharmacology Clinical trials CTLA-4 Antigen - antagonists & inhibitors Cytokines Drug development Drug therapy FDA approval Herpesvirus 1, Human Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - pharmacology Immunity, Innate - drug effects Immunotherapy Immunotherapy - methods Ipilimumab Medical prognosis Melanoma Melanoma - therapy Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant Metastasis Microbiota - immunology Molecular Targeted Therapy Nivolumab Patients Pembrolizumab Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - analysis Skin cancer Skin Neoplasms - therapy Talimogene laherparepvec Tumor Microenvironment - immunology Tumors Vaccines |
title | Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review) |
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