Cannabis and the Developing Adolescent Brain
Purpose of review This review summarizes (1) recent trends in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabionol [THC] and cannabidiol (CBD) content in cannabis products, (2) mechanism of action of THC and CBD and the neurobiological correlates of cannabis use on the developing adolescent brain, (3) effects of cannabis...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Current treatment options in psychiatry 2020-06, Vol.7 (2), p.144-161 |
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| creator | Fischer, Adina S. Tapert, Susan F. Louie, Dexter Lee Schatzberg, Alan F. Singh, Manpreet K. |
| description | Purpose of review
This review summarizes (1) recent trends in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabionol [THC] and cannabidiol (CBD) content in cannabis products, (2) mechanism of action of THC and CBD and the neurobiological correlates of cannabis use on the developing adolescent brain, (3) effects of cannabis on psychiatric symptoms and daily functioning in youth (i.e., academic performance, cognition, sleep and driving), (4) cannabis products used to relieve or treat medical issues in youth, and (5) available treatments for cannabis use disorder in adolescence.
Recent findings
Despite marked increases in THC content and availability of cannabis, there has been a decline in perceived risk and an increase in use of cannabis extract products among youth in the USA. The primary psychiatric symptoms associated with cannabis use in youth are increased risk for addiction, depressive, and psychotic symptoms. Adolescent cannabis exposure also contributes to impaired cognition, sleep, and driving ability. Cannabis alters endocannabinoid system function which plays a central role in modulating the neurodevelopment of reward and stress systems. However, few studies have examined neurobiological mechanisms underlying the psychiatric and functional sequalae of cannabis exposure in youth. To-date, FDA-approved cannabinoid medications are very limited, none of them supporting their use for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms. Behavioral therapies are currently the mainstay of treating cannabis misuse, with no pharmacotherapies currently approved by the FDA for cannabis use disorder in youth.
Summary
Here, we summarize the neurobiological, psychiatric, and daily function effects of the most commonly used cannabinoids: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Our current understanding of the effects of cannabis on the developing brain and treatments for cannabis misuse in youth remain limited. Future research aimed at examining the neurobiological effects of cannabis, with objective measures of exposure, over the course of pediatric development and in relation to psychiatric symptoms are needed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40501-020-00202-2 |
| format | Article |
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This review summarizes (1) recent trends in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabionol [THC] and cannabidiol (CBD) content in cannabis products, (2) mechanism of action of THC and CBD and the neurobiological correlates of cannabis use on the developing adolescent brain, (3) effects of cannabis on psychiatric symptoms and daily functioning in youth (i.e., academic performance, cognition, sleep and driving), (4) cannabis products used to relieve or treat medical issues in youth, and (5) available treatments for cannabis use disorder in adolescence.
Recent findings
Despite marked increases in THC content and availability of cannabis, there has been a decline in perceived risk and an increase in use of cannabis extract products among youth in the USA. The primary psychiatric symptoms associated with cannabis use in youth are increased risk for addiction, depressive, and psychotic symptoms. Adolescent cannabis exposure also contributes to impaired cognition, sleep, and driving ability. Cannabis alters endocannabinoid system function which plays a central role in modulating the neurodevelopment of reward and stress systems. However, few studies have examined neurobiological mechanisms underlying the psychiatric and functional sequalae of cannabis exposure in youth. To-date, FDA-approved cannabinoid medications are very limited, none of them supporting their use for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms. Behavioral therapies are currently the mainstay of treating cannabis misuse, with no pharmacotherapies currently approved by the FDA for cannabis use disorder in youth.
Summary
Here, we summarize the neurobiological, psychiatric, and daily function effects of the most commonly used cannabinoids: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Our current understanding of the effects of cannabis on the developing brain and treatments for cannabis misuse in youth remain limited. Future research aimed at examining the neurobiological effects of cannabis, with objective measures of exposure, over the course of pediatric development and in relation to psychiatric symptoms are needed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2196-3061</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2196-3061</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40501-020-00202-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32714742</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Adenosine ; Cannabidiol ; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (M Singh and M Goldsmith ; Child development ; Dopamine ; Drug addiction ; Drugs ; FDA approval ; Kinases ; Marijuana ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Neurobiology ; Neurology ; Proteins ; Psychiatry ; Psychosis ; Section Editors ; Teenagers ; Tetrahydrocannabinol ; THC ; Topical Collection on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ; Vaping</subject><ispartof>Current treatment options in psychiatry, 2020-06, Vol.7 (2), p.144-161</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020</rights><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3892-d11538e54e5689d9d025c88807c5714a534979b4d0bd6977e4ee6180c80d79003</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3892-d11538e54e5689d9d025c88807c5714a534979b4d0bd6977e4ee6180c80d79003</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40501-020-00202-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40501-020-00202-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32714742$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Adina S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tapert, Susan F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Louie, Dexter Lee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schatzberg, Alan F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Manpreet K.</creatorcontrib><title>Cannabis and the Developing Adolescent Brain</title><title>Current treatment options in psychiatry</title><addtitle>Curr Treat Options Psych</addtitle><addtitle>Curr Treat Options Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Purpose of review
This review summarizes (1) recent trends in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabionol [THC] and cannabidiol (CBD) content in cannabis products, (2) mechanism of action of THC and CBD and the neurobiological correlates of cannabis use on the developing adolescent brain, (3) effects of cannabis on psychiatric symptoms and daily functioning in youth (i.e., academic performance, cognition, sleep and driving), (4) cannabis products used to relieve or treat medical issues in youth, and (5) available treatments for cannabis use disorder in adolescence.
Recent findings
Despite marked increases in THC content and availability of cannabis, there has been a decline in perceived risk and an increase in use of cannabis extract products among youth in the USA. The primary psychiatric symptoms associated with cannabis use in youth are increased risk for addiction, depressive, and psychotic symptoms. Adolescent cannabis exposure also contributes to impaired cognition, sleep, and driving ability. Cannabis alters endocannabinoid system function which plays a central role in modulating the neurodevelopment of reward and stress systems. However, few studies have examined neurobiological mechanisms underlying the psychiatric and functional sequalae of cannabis exposure in youth. To-date, FDA-approved cannabinoid medications are very limited, none of them supporting their use for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms. Behavioral therapies are currently the mainstay of treating cannabis misuse, with no pharmacotherapies currently approved by the FDA for cannabis use disorder in youth.
Summary
Here, we summarize the neurobiological, psychiatric, and daily function effects of the most commonly used cannabinoids: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Our current understanding of the effects of cannabis on the developing brain and treatments for cannabis misuse in youth remain limited. Future research aimed at examining the neurobiological effects of cannabis, with objective measures of exposure, over the course of pediatric development and in relation to psychiatric symptoms are needed.</description><subject>Adenosine</subject><subject>Cannabidiol</subject><subject>Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (M Singh and M Goldsmith</subject><subject>Child development</subject><subject>Dopamine</subject><subject>Drug addiction</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>FDA approval</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Neurobiology</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychosis</subject><subject>Section Editors</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Tetrahydrocannabinol</subject><subject>THC</subject><subject>Topical Collection on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</subject><subject>Vaping</subject><issn>2196-3061</issn><issn>2196-3061</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kctOAjEUhhujEYK8gAsziRsXjp7epu3GBPGakLjRdVOmBYYMHWyBxLe3CCK6cNPT5HznP5cfoVMMVxhAXEcGHHAOBHJID8nJAWoTrIqcQoEP9_4t1I1xCgAYM8BUHqMWJQIzwUgbXfaN92ZYxcx4my0mLrtzK1c388qPs55tahdL5xfZbTCVP0FHI1NH193GDnp7uH_tP-WDl8fnfm-Ql1QqkluMOZWOM8cLqayyQHgppQRR8tTXcMqUUENmYWgLJYRjzhVYQinBCgVAO-hmoztfDmfOrgcIptbzUM1M-NCNqfTvjK8metystKASCk6TwMVWIDTvSxcXelalPeraeNcsoyaMCJ7uw1VCz_-g02YZfFpPEwkMJOOKJIpsqDI0MQY32g2DQa_90Bs_dLJCf_mh10Vn-2vsSr6vnwC6AWJK-bELP73_kf0Ey3aSXA</recordid><startdate>20200601</startdate><enddate>20200601</enddate><creator>Fischer, Adina S.</creator><creator>Tapert, Susan F.</creator><creator>Louie, Dexter Lee</creator><creator>Schatzberg, Alan F.</creator><creator>Singh, Manpreet K.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200601</creationdate><title>Cannabis and the Developing Adolescent Brain</title><author>Fischer, Adina S. ; Tapert, Susan F. ; Louie, Dexter Lee ; Schatzberg, Alan F. ; Singh, Manpreet K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3892-d11538e54e5689d9d025c88807c5714a534979b4d0bd6977e4ee6180c80d79003</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adenosine</topic><topic>Cannabidiol</topic><topic>Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (M Singh and M Goldsmith</topic><topic>Child development</topic><topic>Dopamine</topic><topic>Drug addiction</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>FDA approval</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Marijuana</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Neurobiology</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychosis</topic><topic>Section Editors</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>Tetrahydrocannabinol</topic><topic>THC</topic><topic>Topical Collection on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</topic><topic>Vaping</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Adina S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tapert, Susan F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Louie, Dexter Lee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schatzberg, Alan F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Manpreet K.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Current treatment options in psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fischer, Adina S.</au><au>Tapert, Susan F.</au><au>Louie, Dexter Lee</au><au>Schatzberg, Alan F.</au><au>Singh, Manpreet K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cannabis and the Developing Adolescent Brain</atitle><jtitle>Current treatment options in psychiatry</jtitle><stitle>Curr Treat Options Psych</stitle><addtitle>Curr Treat Options Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2020-06-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>144</spage><epage>161</epage><pages>144-161</pages><issn>2196-3061</issn><eissn>2196-3061</eissn><abstract>Purpose of review
This review summarizes (1) recent trends in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabionol [THC] and cannabidiol (CBD) content in cannabis products, (2) mechanism of action of THC and CBD and the neurobiological correlates of cannabis use on the developing adolescent brain, (3) effects of cannabis on psychiatric symptoms and daily functioning in youth (i.e., academic performance, cognition, sleep and driving), (4) cannabis products used to relieve or treat medical issues in youth, and (5) available treatments for cannabis use disorder in adolescence.
Recent findings
Despite marked increases in THC content and availability of cannabis, there has been a decline in perceived risk and an increase in use of cannabis extract products among youth in the USA. The primary psychiatric symptoms associated with cannabis use in youth are increased risk for addiction, depressive, and psychotic symptoms. Adolescent cannabis exposure also contributes to impaired cognition, sleep, and driving ability. Cannabis alters endocannabinoid system function which plays a central role in modulating the neurodevelopment of reward and stress systems. However, few studies have examined neurobiological mechanisms underlying the psychiatric and functional sequalae of cannabis exposure in youth. To-date, FDA-approved cannabinoid medications are very limited, none of them supporting their use for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms. Behavioral therapies are currently the mainstay of treating cannabis misuse, with no pharmacotherapies currently approved by the FDA for cannabis use disorder in youth.
Summary
Here, we summarize the neurobiological, psychiatric, and daily function effects of the most commonly used cannabinoids: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Our current understanding of the effects of cannabis on the developing brain and treatments for cannabis misuse in youth remain limited. Future research aimed at examining the neurobiological effects of cannabis, with objective measures of exposure, over the course of pediatric development and in relation to psychiatric symptoms are needed.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>32714742</pmid><doi>10.1007/s40501-020-00202-2</doi><tpages>18</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adenosine Cannabidiol Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (M Singh and M Goldsmith Child development Dopamine Drug addiction Drugs FDA approval Kinases Marijuana Medicine Medicine & Public Health Neurobiology Neurology Proteins Psychiatry Psychosis Section Editors Teenagers Tetrahydrocannabinol THC Topical Collection on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Vaping |
| title | Cannabis and the Developing Adolescent Brain |
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