Heat inactivation of serum interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2
Background The detection of serum antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is emerging as a new tool for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) diagnosis. Since many coronaviruses are sensitive to heat, heating inactivation of samples at 56°C prior to testing i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 2020-09, Vol.34 (9), p.e23411-n/a |
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| creator | Hu, Xiumei An, Taixue Situ, Bo Hu, Yuhai Ou, Zihao Li, Qiang He, Xiaojing Zhang, Ye Tian, Peifu Sun, Dehua Rui, Yongyu Wang, Qian Ding, Dan Zheng, Lei |
| description | Background
The detection of serum antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is emerging as a new tool for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) diagnosis. Since many coronaviruses are sensitive to heat, heating inactivation of samples at 56°C prior to testing is considered a possible method to reduce the risk of transmission, but the effect of heating on the measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies is still unclear.
Methods
By comparing the levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies before and after heat inactivation of serum at 56°C for 30 minutes using a quantitative fluorescence immunochromatographic assay
Results
We showed that heat inactivation significantly interferes with the levels of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. The IgM levels of all the 34 serum samples (100%) from COVID‐19 patients decreased by an average level of 53.56%. The IgG levels were decreased in 22 of 34 samples (64.71%) by an average level of 49.54%. Similar changes can also be observed in the non–COVID‐19 disease group (n = 9). Of note, 44.12% of the detected IgM levels were dropped below the cutoff value after heating, suggesting heat inactivation can lead to false‐negative results of these samples.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that heat inactivation of serum at 56°C for 30 minutes interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. Heat inactivation prior to immunoanalysis is not recommended, and the possibility of false‐negative results should be considered if the sample was pre‐inactivated by heating. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jcla.23411 |
| format | Article |
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The detection of serum antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is emerging as a new tool for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) diagnosis. Since many coronaviruses are sensitive to heat, heating inactivation of samples at 56°C prior to testing is considered a possible method to reduce the risk of transmission, but the effect of heating on the measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies is still unclear.
Methods
By comparing the levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies before and after heat inactivation of serum at 56°C for 30 minutes using a quantitative fluorescence immunochromatographic assay
Results
We showed that heat inactivation significantly interferes with the levels of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. The IgM levels of all the 34 serum samples (100%) from COVID‐19 patients decreased by an average level of 53.56%. The IgG levels were decreased in 22 of 34 samples (64.71%) by an average level of 49.54%. Similar changes can also be observed in the non–COVID‐19 disease group (n = 9). Of note, 44.12% of the detected IgM levels were dropped below the cutoff value after heating, suggesting heat inactivation can lead to false‐negative results of these samples.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that heat inactivation of serum at 56°C for 30 minutes interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. Heat inactivation prior to immunoanalysis is not recommended, and the possibility of false‐negative results should be considered if the sample was pre‐inactivated by heating.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0887-8013</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-2825</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23411</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32594577</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral - immunology ; Betacoronavirus - immunology ; Coronaviridae ; Coronavirus Infections - blood ; Coronavirus Infections - immunology ; Coronavirus Infections - virology ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Disease transmission ; Heat inactivation ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; immunoanalysis ; Immunoassay - methods ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulin M - blood ; Infections ; Laboratories ; Pandemics ; Patients ; Pneumonia, Viral - blood ; Pneumonia, Viral - immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral - virology ; Quantum dots ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Serum - immunology ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><ispartof>Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2020-09, Vol.34 (9), p.e23411-n/a</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC</rights><rights>2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><rights>2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4481-e731a632caf11990948e2a784520b3f822054ecd4a88ac4da869603485c09223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4481-e731a632caf11990948e2a784520b3f822054ecd4a88ac4da869603485c09223</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2576-8780 ; 0000-0003-2760-734X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7361150/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7361150/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,1417,11562,27924,27925,45574,45575,46052,46476,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32594577$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hu, Xiumei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>An, Taixue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Situ, Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Yuhai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ou, Zihao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Qiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Xiaojing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Peifu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Dehua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rui, Yongyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Lei</creatorcontrib><title>Heat inactivation of serum interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2</title><title>Journal of clinical laboratory analysis</title><addtitle>J Clin Lab Anal</addtitle><description>Background
The detection of serum antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is emerging as a new tool for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) diagnosis. Since many coronaviruses are sensitive to heat, heating inactivation of samples at 56°C prior to testing is considered a possible method to reduce the risk of transmission, but the effect of heating on the measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies is still unclear.
Methods
By comparing the levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies before and after heat inactivation of serum at 56°C for 30 minutes using a quantitative fluorescence immunochromatographic assay
Results
We showed that heat inactivation significantly interferes with the levels of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. The IgM levels of all the 34 serum samples (100%) from COVID‐19 patients decreased by an average level of 53.56%. The IgG levels were decreased in 22 of 34 samples (64.71%) by an average level of 49.54%. Similar changes can also be observed in the non–COVID‐19 disease group (n = 9). Of note, 44.12% of the detected IgM levels were dropped below the cutoff value after heating, suggesting heat inactivation can lead to false‐negative results of these samples.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that heat inactivation of serum at 56°C for 30 minutes interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. Heat inactivation prior to immunoanalysis is not recommended, and the possibility of false‐negative results should be considered if the sample was pre‐inactivated by heating.</description><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Betacoronavirus - immunology</subject><subject>Coronaviridae</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - blood</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - immunology</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - virology</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Heat inactivation</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>immunoanalysis</subject><subject>Immunoassay - methods</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G - blood</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M - blood</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - virology</subject><subject>Quantum dots</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Serum - immunology</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><issn>0887-8013</issn><issn>1098-2825</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp90d9qFDEUBvAgil2rNz6ADHhTClPzbzInN8KyWKssCLZ4J-FsNuNmmZnUJNOydz6Cz-iTmHVrUS-8SSD58XE4HyHPGT1jlPJXW9vjGReSsQdkxqiGmgNvHpIZBWhroEwckScpbSmloJl6TI4Eb7Rs2nZGPl84zJUf0WZ_g9mHsQpdlVychvKaXexcdKm69XlT5Y2r_DBMY8AR-13yaW9xzH4V1r6oHKrL-cfLH9--L8KncvKn5FGHfXLP7u5jcnX-5mpxUS8_vH23mC9rKyWw2rWCoRLcYseY1lRLcBxbkA2nK9EB57SRzq4lAqCVawSlFRUSGks15-KYvD7EXk-rwa2tG3PE3lxHP2DcmYDe_P0z-o35Em5MKxRjDS0BJ3cBMXydXMpm8Mm6vsfRhSkZLhm0HBTThb78h27DFMs-9koqpRpQUNTpQdkYUoquux-GUbMvzexLM79KK_jFn-Pf098tFcAO4Nb3bvefKPN-sZwfQn8C72ejOw</recordid><startdate>202009</startdate><enddate>202009</enddate><creator>Hu, Xiumei</creator><creator>An, Taixue</creator><creator>Situ, Bo</creator><creator>Hu, Yuhai</creator><creator>Ou, Zihao</creator><creator>Li, Qiang</creator><creator>He, Xiaojing</creator><creator>Zhang, Ye</creator><creator>Tian, Peifu</creator><creator>Sun, Dehua</creator><creator>Rui, Yongyu</creator><creator>Wang, Qian</creator><creator>Ding, Dan</creator><creator>Zheng, Lei</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-8780</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-734X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202009</creationdate><title>Heat inactivation of serum interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2</title><author>Hu, Xiumei ; An, Taixue ; Situ, Bo ; Hu, Yuhai ; Ou, Zihao ; Li, Qiang ; He, Xiaojing ; Zhang, Ye ; Tian, Peifu ; Sun, Dehua ; Rui, Yongyu ; Wang, Qian ; Ding, Dan ; Zheng, Lei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4481-e731a632caf11990948e2a784520b3f822054ecd4a88ac4da869603485c09223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</topic><topic>Betacoronavirus - immunology</topic><topic>Coronaviridae</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - blood</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - immunology</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - virology</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Heat inactivation</topic><topic>Hot Temperature</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>immunoanalysis</topic><topic>Immunoassay - methods</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - blood</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M - blood</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - blood</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - immunology</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - virology</topic><topic>Quantum dots</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Serum - immunology</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Xiumei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>An, Taixue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Situ, Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Yuhai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ou, Zihao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Qiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Xiaojing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Peifu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Dehua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rui, Yongyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Lei</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of clinical laboratory analysis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Xiumei</au><au>An, Taixue</au><au>Situ, Bo</au><au>Hu, Yuhai</au><au>Ou, Zihao</au><au>Li, Qiang</au><au>He, Xiaojing</au><au>Zhang, Ye</au><au>Tian, Peifu</au><au>Sun, Dehua</au><au>Rui, Yongyu</au><au>Wang, Qian</au><au>Ding, Dan</au><au>Zheng, Lei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Heat inactivation of serum interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2</atitle><jtitle>Journal of clinical laboratory analysis</jtitle><addtitle>J Clin Lab Anal</addtitle><date>2020-09</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e23411</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>e23411-n/a</pages><issn>0887-8013</issn><eissn>1098-2825</eissn><abstract>Background
The detection of serum antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is emerging as a new tool for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) diagnosis. Since many coronaviruses are sensitive to heat, heating inactivation of samples at 56°C prior to testing is considered a possible method to reduce the risk of transmission, but the effect of heating on the measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies is still unclear.
Methods
By comparing the levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies before and after heat inactivation of serum at 56°C for 30 minutes using a quantitative fluorescence immunochromatographic assay
Results
We showed that heat inactivation significantly interferes with the levels of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. The IgM levels of all the 34 serum samples (100%) from COVID‐19 patients decreased by an average level of 53.56%. The IgG levels were decreased in 22 of 34 samples (64.71%) by an average level of 49.54%. Similar changes can also be observed in the non–COVID‐19 disease group (n = 9). Of note, 44.12% of the detected IgM levels were dropped below the cutoff value after heating, suggesting heat inactivation can lead to false‐negative results of these samples.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that heat inactivation of serum at 56°C for 30 minutes interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. Heat inactivation prior to immunoanalysis is not recommended, and the possibility of false‐negative results should be considered if the sample was pre‐inactivated by heating.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>32594577</pmid><doi>10.1002/jcla.23411</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-8780</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-734X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Antibodies Antibodies, Viral - immunology Betacoronavirus - immunology Coronaviridae Coronavirus Infections - blood Coronavirus Infections - immunology Coronavirus Infections - virology Coronaviruses COVID-19 Disease transmission Heat inactivation Hot Temperature Humans immunoanalysis Immunoassay - methods Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin M - blood Infections Laboratories Pandemics Patients Pneumonia, Viral - blood Pneumonia, Viral - immunology Pneumonia, Viral - virology Quantum dots SARS-CoV-2 Serum - immunology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| title | Heat inactivation of serum interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 |
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