Genes, proteins and other networks regulating somatic embryogenesis in plants
Background Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an intricate molecular and biochemical process principally based on cellular totipotency and a model in studying plant development. In this unique embryo-forming process, the vegetative cells acquire embryogenic competence under cellular stress conditions. Th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2020-07, Vol.18 (1), p.31-15, Article 31 |
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| creator | Gulzar, Basit Mujib, A. Malik, Moien Qadir Sayeed, Rukaya Mamgain, Jyoti Ejaz, Bushra |
| description | Background
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an intricate molecular and biochemical process principally based on cellular totipotency and a model in studying plant development. In this unique embryo-forming process, the vegetative cells acquire embryogenic competence under cellular stress conditions. The stress caused by plant growth regulators (PGRs), nutrient, oxygenic, or other signaling elements makes cellular reprogramming and transforms vegetative cells into embryos through activation/deactivation of a myriad of genes and transcriptional networks. Hundreds of genes have been directly linked to zygotic and somatic embryogeneses; some of them like
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS LIKE RECEPTOR KINASE
(
SERK
),
LEAFY COTYLEDON
(
LEC
),
BABYBOOM
(
BBM
), and
AGAMOUS-LIKE 15
(
AGL15
) are very important and are part of molecular network.
Main text (observation)
This article reviews various genes/orthologs isolated from different plants; encoded proteins and their possible role in regulating somatic embryogenesis of plants have been discussed. The role of SERK in regulating embryogenesis is also summarized. Different SE-related proteins identified through LC–MS at various stages of embryogenesis are also described; a few proteins like 14-3-3, chitinase, and LEA are used as potential SE markers. These networks are interconnected in a complicated manner, posing challenges for their complete elucidation.
Conclusions
The various gene networks and factors controlling somatic embryogenesis have been discussed and presented. The roles of stress, PGRs, and other signaling elements have been discussed. In the last two-to-three decades’ progress, the challenges ahead and its future applications in various fields of research have been highlighted. The review also presents the need of high throughput, innovative techniques, and sensitive instruments in unraveling the mystery of SE. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s43141-020-00047-5 |
| format | Article |
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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an intricate molecular and biochemical process principally based on cellular totipotency and a model in studying plant development. In this unique embryo-forming process, the vegetative cells acquire embryogenic competence under cellular stress conditions. The stress caused by plant growth regulators (PGRs), nutrient, oxygenic, or other signaling elements makes cellular reprogramming and transforms vegetative cells into embryos through activation/deactivation of a myriad of genes and transcriptional networks. Hundreds of genes have been directly linked to zygotic and somatic embryogeneses; some of them like
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS LIKE RECEPTOR KINASE
(
SERK
),
LEAFY COTYLEDON
(
LEC
),
BABYBOOM
(
BBM
), and
AGAMOUS-LIKE 15
(
AGL15
) are very important and are part of molecular network.
Main text (observation)
This article reviews various genes/orthologs isolated from different plants; encoded proteins and their possible role in regulating somatic embryogenesis of plants have been discussed. The role of SERK in regulating embryogenesis is also summarized. Different SE-related proteins identified through LC–MS at various stages of embryogenesis are also described; a few proteins like 14-3-3, chitinase, and LEA are used as potential SE markers. These networks are interconnected in a complicated manner, posing challenges for their complete elucidation.
Conclusions
The various gene networks and factors controlling somatic embryogenesis have been discussed and presented. The roles of stress, PGRs, and other signaling elements have been discussed. In the last two-to-three decades’ progress, the challenges ahead and its future applications in various fields of research have been highlighted. The review also presents the need of high throughput, innovative techniques, and sensitive instruments in unraveling the mystery of SE.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1687-157X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2090-5920</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00047-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32661633</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>14-3-3 protein ; Agricultural chemicals ; Analysis ; Auxin and cytokinin signaling ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering ; Cell activation ; Cell cycle ; Cell division ; Cellular stress response ; Chitinase ; Deactivation ; Embryonic development ; Embryos ; Engineering ; Flowers & plants ; Gene expression ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic engineering ; Genetic transcription ; Growth regulators ; Kinases ; LEA protein ; Networks ; Plant growth ; Plant growth regulators ; Plant hormones ; Plant propagation ; Proteins ; Review ; Seeds ; SERK gene ; Signaling ; Somatic embryo-specific proteins ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Stress ; Transcription factors ; Vegetative cells</subject><ispartof>Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 2020-07, Vol.18 (1), p.31-15, Article 31</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Springer</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c622t-ecebbd3ba15f42d7b093b4f2b9d8bd24bdb36f2f863e7fa1c4387c146759d0793</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c622t-ecebbd3ba15f42d7b093b4f2b9d8bd24bdb36f2f863e7fa1c4387c146759d0793</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7359197/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7359197/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gulzar, Basit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mujib, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malik, Moien Qadir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sayeed, Rukaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mamgain, Jyoti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ejaz, Bushra</creatorcontrib><title>Genes, proteins and other networks regulating somatic embryogenesis in plants</title><title>Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology</title><addtitle>J Genet Eng Biotechnol</addtitle><description>Background
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an intricate molecular and biochemical process principally based on cellular totipotency and a model in studying plant development. In this unique embryo-forming process, the vegetative cells acquire embryogenic competence under cellular stress conditions. The stress caused by plant growth regulators (PGRs), nutrient, oxygenic, or other signaling elements makes cellular reprogramming and transforms vegetative cells into embryos through activation/deactivation of a myriad of genes and transcriptional networks. Hundreds of genes have been directly linked to zygotic and somatic embryogeneses; some of them like
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS LIKE RECEPTOR KINASE
(
SERK
),
LEAFY COTYLEDON
(
LEC
),
BABYBOOM
(
BBM
), and
AGAMOUS-LIKE 15
(
AGL15
) are very important and are part of molecular network.
Main text (observation)
This article reviews various genes/orthologs isolated from different plants; encoded proteins and their possible role in regulating somatic embryogenesis of plants have been discussed. The role of SERK in regulating embryogenesis is also summarized. Different SE-related proteins identified through LC–MS at various stages of embryogenesis are also described; a few proteins like 14-3-3, chitinase, and LEA are used as potential SE markers. These networks are interconnected in a complicated manner, posing challenges for their complete elucidation.
Conclusions
The various gene networks and factors controlling somatic embryogenesis have been discussed and presented. The roles of stress, PGRs, and other signaling elements have been discussed. In the last two-to-three decades’ progress, the challenges ahead and its future applications in various fields of research have been highlighted. The review also presents the need of high throughput, innovative techniques, and sensitive instruments in unraveling the mystery of SE.</description><subject>14-3-3 protein</subject><subject>Agricultural chemicals</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Auxin and cytokinin signaling</subject><subject>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</subject><subject>Cell activation</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell division</subject><subject>Cellular stress response</subject><subject>Chitinase</subject><subject>Deactivation</subject><subject>Embryonic development</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic engineering</subject><subject>Genetic transcription</subject><subject>Growth regulators</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>LEA protein</subject><subject>Networks</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant growth regulators</subject><subject>Plant hormones</subject><subject>Plant propagation</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>SERK gene</subject><subject>Signaling</subject><subject>Somatic embryo-specific proteins</subject><subject>Somatic embryogenesis</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>Vegetative cells</subject><issn>1687-157X</issn><issn>2090-5920</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kk1rFTEYRoMo9tL2D3Q14NZp853JRihF20LFTYXuQj6nuc4k12Su0n9vbqco3UgWCcl7Dk_gAeAMwXOEBn5RKUEU9RDDHkJIRc_egA2GEvZMYvgWbBAfRI-YeDgCp7Vu2xBkdEAMvQdHBHOOOCEb8PXaJ18_druSFx9T7XRyXV4efemSX37n8qN2xY_7SS8xjV3NczvYzs-mPOXxwMbaxdTtJp2WegLeBT1Vf_qyH4PvXz7fX930d9-ub68u73rLMV56b70xjhiNWKDYCQMlMTRgI91gHKbGGcIDDgMnXgSNLCWDsIhywaSDQpJjcLt6XdZbtStx1uVJZR3V80Uuo9Kl5Zy8opJJwYzhOEhqmy1oC4MRAiFNoAjN9Wl17fZm9s76tBQ9vZK-fknxUY35lxKESSRFE3x4EZT8c-_rorZ5X1L7v8ICS0aoQIfI5-vUqFuqmEJuMtuW83O0OfkQ2_0lFw0QA8MNwCtgS661-PA3EoLqUAG1VkC1CqjnCijWILJCtQ2n0Zd_Wf5D_QHPI7PK</recordid><startdate>20200713</startdate><enddate>20200713</enddate><creator>Gulzar, Basit</creator><creator>Mujib, A.</creator><creator>Malik, Moien Qadir</creator><creator>Sayeed, Rukaya</creator><creator>Mamgain, Jyoti</creator><creator>Ejaz, Bushra</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200713</creationdate><title>Genes, proteins and other networks regulating somatic embryogenesis in plants</title><author>Gulzar, Basit ; Mujib, A. ; Malik, Moien Qadir ; Sayeed, Rukaya ; Mamgain, Jyoti ; Ejaz, Bushra</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c622t-ecebbd3ba15f42d7b093b4f2b9d8bd24bdb36f2f863e7fa1c4387c146759d0793</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>14-3-3 protein</topic><topic>Agricultural chemicals</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Auxin and cytokinin signaling</topic><topic>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</topic><topic>Cell activation</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell division</topic><topic>Cellular stress response</topic><topic>Chitinase</topic><topic>Deactivation</topic><topic>Embryonic development</topic><topic>Embryos</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic engineering</topic><topic>Genetic transcription</topic><topic>Growth regulators</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>LEA protein</topic><topic>Networks</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>Plant growth regulators</topic><topic>Plant hormones</topic><topic>Plant propagation</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>SERK gene</topic><topic>Signaling</topic><topic>Somatic embryo-specific proteins</topic><topic>Somatic embryogenesis</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Transcription factors</topic><topic>Vegetative cells</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gulzar, Basit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mujib, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malik, Moien Qadir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sayeed, Rukaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mamgain, Jyoti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ejaz, Bushra</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gulzar, Basit</au><au>Mujib, A.</au><au>Malik, Moien Qadir</au><au>Sayeed, Rukaya</au><au>Mamgain, Jyoti</au><au>Ejaz, Bushra</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Genes, proteins and other networks regulating somatic embryogenesis in plants</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology</jtitle><stitle>J Genet Eng Biotechnol</stitle><date>2020-07-13</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>31</spage><epage>15</epage><pages>31-15</pages><artnum>31</artnum><issn>1687-157X</issn><eissn>2090-5920</eissn><abstract>Background
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an intricate molecular and biochemical process principally based on cellular totipotency and a model in studying plant development. In this unique embryo-forming process, the vegetative cells acquire embryogenic competence under cellular stress conditions. The stress caused by plant growth regulators (PGRs), nutrient, oxygenic, or other signaling elements makes cellular reprogramming and transforms vegetative cells into embryos through activation/deactivation of a myriad of genes and transcriptional networks. Hundreds of genes have been directly linked to zygotic and somatic embryogeneses; some of them like
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS LIKE RECEPTOR KINASE
(
SERK
),
LEAFY COTYLEDON
(
LEC
),
BABYBOOM
(
BBM
), and
AGAMOUS-LIKE 15
(
AGL15
) are very important and are part of molecular network.
Main text (observation)
This article reviews various genes/orthologs isolated from different plants; encoded proteins and their possible role in regulating somatic embryogenesis of plants have been discussed. The role of SERK in regulating embryogenesis is also summarized. Different SE-related proteins identified through LC–MS at various stages of embryogenesis are also described; a few proteins like 14-3-3, chitinase, and LEA are used as potential SE markers. These networks are interconnected in a complicated manner, posing challenges for their complete elucidation.
Conclusions
The various gene networks and factors controlling somatic embryogenesis have been discussed and presented. The roles of stress, PGRs, and other signaling elements have been discussed. In the last two-to-three decades’ progress, the challenges ahead and its future applications in various fields of research have been highlighted. The review also presents the need of high throughput, innovative techniques, and sensitive instruments in unraveling the mystery of SE.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>32661633</pmid><doi>10.1186/s43141-020-00047-5</doi><tpages>15</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Springer Nature OA Free Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | 14-3-3 protein Agricultural chemicals Analysis Auxin and cytokinin signaling Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Cell activation Cell cycle Cell division Cellular stress response Chitinase Deactivation Embryonic development Embryos Engineering Flowers & plants Gene expression Genes Genetic aspects Genetic engineering Genetic transcription Growth regulators Kinases LEA protein Networks Plant growth Plant growth regulators Plant hormones Plant propagation Proteins Review Seeds SERK gene Signaling Somatic embryo-specific proteins Somatic embryogenesis Stress Transcription factors Vegetative cells |
| title | Genes, proteins and other networks regulating somatic embryogenesis in plants |
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