COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, and CLL Campus
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of the elderly, characterized by immunodeficiency. Hence, patients with CLL might be considered more susceptible to severe complications from COVID-19. We undertook this retrospective international multicenter study to characterize the course of COVID-...
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| creator | Scarfò, Lydia Chatzikonstantinou, Thomas Rigolin, Gian Matteo Quaresmini, Giulia Motta, Marina Vitale, Candida Garcia-Marco, Jose Antonio Hernández-Rivas, José Ángel Mirás, Fatima Baile, Mónica Marquet, Juan Niemann, Carsten U. Reda, Gianluigi Munir, Talha Gimeno, Eva Marchetti, Monia Quaglia, Francesca Maria Varettoni, Marzia Delgado, Julio Iyengar, Sunil Janssens, Ann Marasca, Roberto Ferrari, Angela Cuéllar-García, Carolina Itchaki, Gilad Špaček, Martin De Paoli, Lorenzo Laurenti, Luca Levin, Mark-David Lista, Enrico Mauro, Francesca R. Šimkovič, Martin Van Der Spek, Ellen Vandenberghe, Elisabeth Trentin, Livio Wasik-Szczepanek, Ewa Ruchlemer, Rosa Bron, Dominique De Paolis, Maria Rosaria Del Poeta, Giovanni Farina, Lucia Foglietta, Myriam Gentile, Massimo Herishanu, Yair Herold, Tobias Jaksic, Ozren Kater, Arnon P. Kersting, Sabina Malerba, Lara Orsucci, Lorella Popov, Viola Maria Sportoletti, Paolo Yassin, Mohamed Pocali, Barbara Barna, Gabor Chiarenza, Annalisa dos Santos, Gimena Nikitin, Eugene Andres, Martin Dimou, Maria Doubek, Michael Enrico, Alicia Hakobyan, Yervand Kalashnikova, Olga Ortiz Pareja, Macarena Papaioannou, Maria Rossi, Davide Shah, Nimish Shrestha, Amit Stanca, Oana Stavroyianni, Niki Strugov, Vladimir Tam, Constantine Zdrenghea, Mihnea Coscia, Marta Stamatopoulos, Kostas Rossi, Giuseppe Rambaldi, Alessandro Montserrat, Emili’ Foà, Robin Cuneo, Antonio Ghia, Paolo |
| description | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of the elderly, characterized by immunodeficiency. Hence, patients with CLL might be considered more susceptible to severe complications from COVID-19. We undertook this retrospective international multicenter study to characterize the course of COVID-19 in patients with CLL and identify potential predictors of outcome. Of 190 patients with CLL and confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed between 28/03/2020 and 22/05/2020, 151 (79%) presented with severe COVID-19 (need of oxygen and/or intensive care admission). Severe COVID-19 was associated with more advanced age (≥65 years) (odds ratio 3.72 [95% CI 1.79–7.71]). Only 60 patients (39.7%) with severe COVID-19 were receiving or had recent (≤12 months) treatment for CLL at the time of COVID-19 versus 30/39 (76.9%) patients with mild disease. Hospitalization rate for severe COVID-19 was lower (
p
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41375-020-0959-x |
| format | Article |
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Hence, patients with CLL might be considered more susceptible to severe complications from COVID-19. We undertook this retrospective international multicenter study to characterize the course of COVID-19 in patients with CLL and identify potential predictors of outcome. Of 190 patients with CLL and confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed between 28/03/2020 and 22/05/2020, 151 (79%) presented with severe COVID-19 (need of oxygen and/or intensive care admission). Severe COVID-19 was associated with more advanced age (≥65 years) (odds ratio 3.72 [95% CI 1.79–7.71]). Only 60 patients (39.7%) with severe COVID-19 were receiving or had recent (≤12 months) treatment for CLL at the time of COVID-19 versus 30/39 (76.9%) patients with mild disease. Hospitalization rate for severe COVID-19 was lower (
p
< 0.05) for patients on ibrutinib versus those on other regimens or off treatment. Of 151 patients with severe disease, 55 (36.4%) succumbed versus only 1/38 (2.6%) with mild disease; age and comorbidities did not impact on mortality. In CLL, (1) COVID-19 severity increases with age; (2) antileukemic treatment (particularly BTK inhibitors) appears to exert a protective effect; (3) age and comorbidities did not impact on mortality, alluding to a relevant role of CLL and immunodeficiency.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0887-6924</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5551</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0959-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32647324</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/699/1541/1990/283/1895 ; 692/699/255 ; Adenine - analogs & derivatives ; Age ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anticancer properties ; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; Cancer ; Cancer Research ; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; Comorbidity ; Complications ; Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections - mortality ; Coronavirus Infections - pathology ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Critical Care Medicine ; Female ; Hematology ; Humans ; Immunodeficiency ; Intensive ; Internal Medicine ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell - complications ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell - drug therapy ; Lymphatic leukemia ; Male ; Medical treatment ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Oncology ; Oncology, Experimental ; Pandemics ; Patient outcomes ; Piperidines ; Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral - mortality ; Pneumonia, Viral - pathology ; Prognosis ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; Pyrazoles - pharmacology ; Pyrazoles - therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines - pharmacology ; Pyrimidines - therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><ispartof>Leukemia, 2020-09, Vol.34 (9), p.2354-2363</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 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Lorenzo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laurenti, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levin, Mark-David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lista, Enrico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mauro, Francesca R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Šimkovič, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Der Spek, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vandenberghe, Elisabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trentin, Livio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wasik-Szczepanek, Ewa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruchlemer, Rosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bron, Dominique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Paolis, Maria Rosaria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Del Poeta, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farina, Lucia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foglietta, Myriam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gentile, Massimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herishanu, Yair</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herold, Tobias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaksic, Ozren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kater, Arnon P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kersting, Sabina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malerba, Lara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orsucci, Lorella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Popov, Viola Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sportoletti, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yassin, Mohamed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pocali, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barna, Gabor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiarenza, Annalisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>dos Santos, Gimena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nikitin, Eugene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andres, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dimou, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doubek, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enrico, Alicia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hakobyan, Yervand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalashnikova, Olga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ortiz Pareja, Macarena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papaioannou, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rossi, Davide</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shah, Nimish</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shrestha, Amit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stanca, Oana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stavroyianni, Niki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strugov, Vladimir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tam, Constantine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zdrenghea, Mihnea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coscia, Marta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stamatopoulos, Kostas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rossi, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rambaldi, Alessandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montserrat, Emili’</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foà, Robin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cuneo, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghia, Paolo</creatorcontrib><title>COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, and CLL Campus</title><title>Leukemia</title><addtitle>Leukemia</addtitle><addtitle>Leukemia</addtitle><description>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of the elderly, characterized by immunodeficiency. Hence, patients with CLL might be considered more susceptible to severe complications from COVID-19. We undertook this retrospective international multicenter study to characterize the course of COVID-19 in patients with CLL and identify potential predictors of outcome. Of 190 patients with CLL and confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed between 28/03/2020 and 22/05/2020, 151 (79%) presented with severe COVID-19 (need of oxygen and/or intensive care admission). Severe COVID-19 was associated with more advanced age (≥65 years) (odds ratio 3.72 [95% CI 1.79–7.71]). Only 60 patients (39.7%) with severe COVID-19 were receiving or had recent (≤12 months) treatment for CLL at the time of COVID-19 versus 30/39 (76.9%) patients with mild disease. Hospitalization rate for severe COVID-19 was lower (
p
< 0.05) for patients on ibrutinib versus those on other regimens or off treatment. Of 151 patients with severe disease, 55 (36.4%) succumbed versus only 1/38 (2.6%) with mild disease; age and comorbidities did not impact on mortality. In CLL, (1) COVID-19 severity increases with age; (2) antileukemic treatment (particularly BTK inhibitors) appears to exert a protective effect; (3) age and comorbidities did not impact on mortality, alluding to a relevant role of CLL and immunodeficiency.</description><subject>692/699/1541/1990/283/1895</subject><subject>692/699/255</subject><subject>Adenine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Anticancer properties</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Betacoronavirus</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer Research</subject><subject>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Complications</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - mortality</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - pathology</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Critical Care Medicine</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunodeficiency</subject><subject>Intensive</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Leukemia</subject><subject>Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell - complications</subject><subject>Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell - drug therapy</subject><subject>Lymphatic leukemia</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Oncology, Experimental</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Patient outcomes</subject><subject>Piperidines</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - mortality</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - pathology</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Protein Kinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Pyrazoles - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pyrazoles - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Pyrimidines - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pyrimidines - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Surveys and 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severity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, and CLL Campus</title><author>Scarfò, Lydia ; Chatzikonstantinou, Thomas ; Rigolin, Gian Matteo ; Quaresmini, Giulia ; Motta, Marina ; Vitale, Candida ; Garcia-Marco, Jose Antonio ; Hernández-Rivas, José Ángel ; Mirás, Fatima ; Baile, Mónica ; Marquet, Juan ; Niemann, Carsten U. ; Reda, Gianluigi ; Munir, Talha ; Gimeno, Eva ; Marchetti, Monia ; Quaglia, Francesca Maria ; Varettoni, Marzia ; Delgado, Julio ; Iyengar, Sunil ; Janssens, Ann ; Marasca, Roberto ; Ferrari, Angela ; Cuéllar-García, Carolina ; Itchaki, Gilad ; Špaček, Martin ; De Paoli, Lorenzo ; Laurenti, Luca ; Levin, Mark-David ; Lista, Enrico ; Mauro, Francesca R. ; Šimkovič, Martin ; Van Der Spek, Ellen ; Vandenberghe, Elisabeth ; Trentin, Livio ; Wasik-Szczepanek, Ewa ; Ruchlemer, Rosa ; Bron, Dominique ; De Paolis, Maria Rosaria ; Del Poeta, Giovanni ; Farina, Lucia ; Foglietta, Myriam ; Gentile, Massimo ; Herishanu, Yair ; Herold, Tobias ; Jaksic, Ozren ; Kater, Arnon P. ; Kersting, Sabina ; Malerba, Lara ; Orsucci, Lorella ; Popov, Viola Maria ; Sportoletti, Paolo ; Yassin, Mohamed ; Pocali, Barbara ; Barna, Gabor ; Chiarenza, Annalisa ; dos Santos, Gimena ; Nikitin, Eugene ; Andres, Martin ; Dimou, Maria ; Doubek, Michael ; Enrico, Alicia ; Hakobyan, Yervand ; Kalashnikova, Olga ; Ortiz Pareja, Macarena ; Papaioannou, Maria ; Rossi, Davide ; Shah, Nimish ; Shrestha, Amit ; Stanca, Oana ; Stavroyianni, Niki ; Strugov, Vladimir ; Tam, Constantine ; Zdrenghea, Mihnea ; Coscia, Marta ; Stamatopoulos, Kostas ; Rossi, Giuseppe ; Rambaldi, Alessandro ; Montserrat, Emili’ ; Foà, Robin ; Cuneo, Antonio ; Ghia, Paolo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c596t-c7d1889d18a6bcdd55981cdcb7f592172d314fbc9725c12e829a191cfba137f43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>692/699/1541/1990/283/1895</topic><topic>692/699/255</topic><topic>Adenine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Anticancer properties</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Betacoronavirus</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cancer Research</topic><topic>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Complications</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - mortality</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - pathology</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Critical Care Medicine</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunodeficiency</topic><topic>Intensive</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Leukemia</topic><topic>Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell - complications</topic><topic>Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell - drug therapy</topic><topic>Lymphatic leukemia</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical treatment</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Oncology, Experimental</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Patient outcomes</topic><topic>Piperidines</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - mortality</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - pathology</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology</topic><topic>Protein Kinase Inhibitors - 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Fatima</au><au>Baile, Mónica</au><au>Marquet, Juan</au><au>Niemann, Carsten U.</au><au>Reda, Gianluigi</au><au>Munir, Talha</au><au>Gimeno, Eva</au><au>Marchetti, Monia</au><au>Quaglia, Francesca Maria</au><au>Varettoni, Marzia</au><au>Delgado, Julio</au><au>Iyengar, Sunil</au><au>Janssens, Ann</au><au>Marasca, Roberto</au><au>Ferrari, Angela</au><au>Cuéllar-García, Carolina</au><au>Itchaki, Gilad</au><au>Špaček, Martin</au><au>De Paoli, Lorenzo</au><au>Laurenti, Luca</au><au>Levin, Mark-David</au><au>Lista, Enrico</au><au>Mauro, Francesca R.</au><au>Šimkovič, Martin</au><au>Van Der Spek, Ellen</au><au>Vandenberghe, Elisabeth</au><au>Trentin, Livio</au><au>Wasik-Szczepanek, Ewa</au><au>Ruchlemer, Rosa</au><au>Bron, Dominique</au><au>De Paolis, Maria Rosaria</au><au>Del Poeta, Giovanni</au><au>Farina, Lucia</au><au>Foglietta, Myriam</au><au>Gentile, Massimo</au><au>Herishanu, Yair</au><au>Herold, Tobias</au><au>Jaksic, Ozren</au><au>Kater, Arnon P.</au><au>Kersting, 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leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, and CLL Campus</atitle><jtitle>Leukemia</jtitle><stitle>Leukemia</stitle><addtitle>Leukemia</addtitle><date>2020-09-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2354</spage><epage>2363</epage><pages>2354-2363</pages><issn>0887-6924</issn><eissn>1476-5551</eissn><abstract>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of the elderly, characterized by immunodeficiency. Hence, patients with CLL might be considered more susceptible to severe complications from COVID-19. We undertook this retrospective international multicenter study to characterize the course of COVID-19 in patients with CLL and identify potential predictors of outcome. Of 190 patients with CLL and confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed between 28/03/2020 and 22/05/2020, 151 (79%) presented with severe COVID-19 (need of oxygen and/or intensive care admission). Severe COVID-19 was associated with more advanced age (≥65 years) (odds ratio 3.72 [95% CI 1.79–7.71]). Only 60 patients (39.7%) with severe COVID-19 were receiving or had recent (≤12 months) treatment for CLL at the time of COVID-19 versus 30/39 (76.9%) patients with mild disease. Hospitalization rate for severe COVID-19 was lower (
p
< 0.05) for patients on ibrutinib versus those on other regimens or off treatment. Of 151 patients with severe disease, 55 (36.4%) succumbed versus only 1/38 (2.6%) with mild disease; age and comorbidities did not impact on mortality. In CLL, (1) COVID-19 severity increases with age; (2) antileukemic treatment (particularly BTK inhibitors) appears to exert a protective effect; (3) age and comorbidities did not impact on mortality, alluding to a relevant role of CLL and immunodeficiency.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>32647324</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41375-020-0959-x</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-3026</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-9862</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-6282</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-0572</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-757X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-7342</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1475-5143</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-379X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-5242</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1222-6149</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9615-9432</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8197-9895</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-7502</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-5982</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9337-1833</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9891-2988</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0887-6924 |
| ispartof | Leukemia, 2020-09, Vol.34 (9), p.2354-2363 |
| issn | 0887-6924 1476-5551 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7347048 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | 692/699/1541/1990/283/1895 692/699/255 Adenine - analogs & derivatives Age Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Anticancer properties Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use Betacoronavirus Cancer Cancer Research Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Comorbidity Complications Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis Coronavirus Infections - mortality Coronavirus Infections - pathology Coronaviruses COVID-19 Critical Care Medicine Female Hematology Humans Immunodeficiency Intensive Internal Medicine Leukemia Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell - complications Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell - drug therapy Lymphatic leukemia Male Medical treatment Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Mortality Oncology Oncology, Experimental Pandemics Patient outcomes Piperidines Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis Pneumonia, Viral - mortality Pneumonia, Viral - pathology Prognosis Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology Protein Kinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use Pyrazoles - pharmacology Pyrazoles - therapeutic use Pyrimidines - pharmacology Pyrimidines - therapeutic use Retrospective Studies Risk factors SARS-CoV-2 Severity of Illness Index Surveys and Questionnaires |
| title | COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, and CLL Campus |
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