Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine
The historical reliance of biological research on the use of animal models has sometimes made it challenging to address questions that are specific to the understanding of human biology and disease. But with the advent of human organoids — which are stem cell-derived 3D culture systems — it is now p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology 2020-10, Vol.21 (10), p.571-584 |
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| creator | Kim, Jihoon Koo, Bon-Kyoung Knoblich, Juergen A. |
| description | The historical reliance of biological research on the use of animal models has sometimes made it challenging to address questions that are specific to the understanding of human biology and disease. But with the advent of human organoids — which are stem cell-derived 3D culture systems — it is now possible to re-create the architecture and physiology of human organs in remarkable detail. Human organoids provide unique opportunities for the study of human disease and complement animal models. Human organoids have been used to study infectious diseases, genetic disorders and cancers through the genetic engineering of human stem cells, as well as directly when organoids are generated from patient biopsy samples. This Review discusses the applications, advantages and disadvantages of human organoids as models of development and disease and outlines the challenges that have to be overcome for organoids to be able to substantially reduce the need for animal experiments.
Human organoids are valuable models for the study of development and disease and for drug discovery, thus complementing traditional animal models. The generation of organoids from patient biopsy samples has enabled researchers to study, for example, infectious diseases, genetic disorders and cancers. This Review discusses the advantages, disadvantages and future challenges of the use of organoids as models for human biology. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41580-020-0259-3 |
| format | Article |
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Human organoids are valuable models for the study of development and disease and for drug discovery, thus complementing traditional animal models. The generation of organoids from patient biopsy samples has enabled researchers to study, for example, infectious diseases, genetic disorders and cancers. This Review discusses the advantages, disadvantages and future challenges of the use of organoids as models for human biology.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-0072</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-0080</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0259-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32636524</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/136/532 ; 631/1647 ; 631/532 ; Animal diseases ; Animal models ; Animal research ; Animals ; Biochemistry ; Biological research ; Biology ; Biology - methods ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biopsy ; Cancer ; Cancer Research ; Cell Biology ; Cell culture ; Communicable Diseases - pathology ; Developmental Biology ; Disorders ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn - pathology ; Genetic disorders ; Genetic engineering ; Genetic Engineering - methods ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Infectious diseases ; Life Sciences ; Medicine - methods ; Neoplasms - pathology ; Oncology, Experimental ; Organoids ; Organoids - physiology ; Organs (Anatomy) ; Physiological aspects ; Review ; Review Article ; Stem cell research ; Stem cell transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Stem Cells - physiology</subject><ispartof>Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 2020-10, Vol.21 (10), p.571-584</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 2020</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Oct 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-609b5e9f24f4b6fd298fbd3d98f0843d1dced152d92d858e0646cda0541ec8943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-609b5e9f24f4b6fd298fbd3d98f0843d1dced152d92d858e0646cda0541ec8943</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6751-3404 ; 0000-0002-4134-8033</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/s41580-020-0259-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/s41580-020-0259-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32636524$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jihoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koo, Bon-Kyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knoblich, Juergen A.</creatorcontrib><title>Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine</title><title>Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology</title><addtitle>Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol</addtitle><addtitle>Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol</addtitle><description>The historical reliance of biological research on the use of animal models has sometimes made it challenging to address questions that are specific to the understanding of human biology and disease. But with the advent of human organoids — which are stem cell-derived 3D culture systems — it is now possible to re-create the architecture and physiology of human organs in remarkable detail. Human organoids provide unique opportunities for the study of human disease and complement animal models. Human organoids have been used to study infectious diseases, genetic disorders and cancers through the genetic engineering of human stem cells, as well as directly when organoids are generated from patient biopsy samples. This Review discusses the applications, advantages and disadvantages of human organoids as models of development and disease and outlines the challenges that have to be overcome for organoids to be able to substantially reduce the need for animal experiments.
Human organoids are valuable models for the study of development and disease and for drug discovery, thus complementing traditional animal models. The generation of organoids from patient biopsy samples has enabled researchers to study, for example, infectious diseases, genetic disorders and cancers. This Review discusses the advantages, disadvantages and future challenges of the use of organoids as models for human biology.</description><subject>631/136/532</subject><subject>631/1647</subject><subject>631/532</subject><subject>Animal diseases</subject><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Animal research</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological research</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biology - methods</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biopsy</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer Research</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Communicable Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Developmental Biology</subject><subject>Disorders</subject><subject>Genetic Diseases, Inborn - pathology</subject><subject>Genetic disorders</subject><subject>Genetic engineering</subject><subject>Genetic Engineering - methods</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Medicine - methods</subject><subject>Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Oncology, Experimental</subject><subject>Organoids</subject><subject>Organoids - physiology</subject><subject>Organs (Anatomy)</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Review Article</subject><subject>Stem cell research</subject><subject>Stem cell transplantation</subject><subject>Stem Cells</subject><subject>Stem Cells - physiology</subject><issn>1471-0072</issn><issn>1471-0080</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kl1rFTEQhoMo9kN_gDey4I292Jrv3QgKpagtFAQ_rkM2md2m7CY12RXPvzfrqaceUUKYkHnmHWZ4EXpG8CnBrH2VOREtrjFdr1A1e4AOCW9IjXGLH-7eDT1ARznfYEwkacRjdMCoZFJQfojeXCyTCVVMgwnRu_y6mqKDscqbPMOUqz6m6voX0vk4xmFTmeCqCZy3PsAT9Kg3Y4and_EYfX3_7sv5RX318cPl-dlVbSVRcy2x6gSonvKed7J3VLV955grAbecOeIsOCKoU9S1ogUsubTOYMEJ2FZxdozebnVvl670thDmZEZ9m_xk0kZH4_V-JvhrPcTvumFMNUoVgZd3Ail-WyDPevLZwjiaAHHJmnJKuGQMy4K--Au9iUsKZbxCNVwpLBp8Tw1mBO1DH0tfu4rqM8nECvFV6_QfVDkOJm9jgN6X_72Ck72CwszwYx7MkrO-_PxpnyVb1qaYc4J-tw-C9eoPvfWHLv7Qqz80KzXP_1zkruK3IQpAt0AuqTBAup_-_6o_AbUVwwE</recordid><startdate>20201001</startdate><enddate>20201001</enddate><creator>Kim, Jihoon</creator><creator>Koo, Bon-Kyoung</creator><creator>Knoblich, Juergen A.</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-3404</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4134-8033</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201001</creationdate><title>Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine</title><author>Kim, Jihoon ; Koo, Bon-Kyoung ; Knoblich, Juergen A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-609b5e9f24f4b6fd298fbd3d98f0843d1dced152d92d858e0646cda0541ec8943</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>631/136/532</topic><topic>631/1647</topic><topic>631/532</topic><topic>Animal diseases</topic><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>Animal research</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biological research</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biology - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Jihoon</au><au>Koo, Bon-Kyoung</au><au>Knoblich, Juergen A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine</atitle><jtitle>Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology</jtitle><stitle>Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol</stitle><addtitle>Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol</addtitle><date>2020-10-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>571</spage><epage>584</epage><pages>571-584</pages><issn>1471-0072</issn><eissn>1471-0080</eissn><abstract>The historical reliance of biological research on the use of animal models has sometimes made it challenging to address questions that are specific to the understanding of human biology and disease. But with the advent of human organoids — which are stem cell-derived 3D culture systems — it is now possible to re-create the architecture and physiology of human organs in remarkable detail. Human organoids provide unique opportunities for the study of human disease and complement animal models. Human organoids have been used to study infectious diseases, genetic disorders and cancers through the genetic engineering of human stem cells, as well as directly when organoids are generated from patient biopsy samples. This Review discusses the applications, advantages and disadvantages of human organoids as models of development and disease and outlines the challenges that have to be overcome for organoids to be able to substantially reduce the need for animal experiments.
Human organoids are valuable models for the study of development and disease and for drug discovery, thus complementing traditional animal models. The generation of organoids from patient biopsy samples has enabled researchers to study, for example, infectious diseases, genetic disorders and cancers. This Review discusses the advantages, disadvantages and future challenges of the use of organoids as models for human biology.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>32636524</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41580-020-0259-3</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-3404</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4134-8033</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 631/136/532 631/1647 631/532 Animal diseases Animal models Animal research Animals Biochemistry Biological research Biology Biology - methods Biomedical and Life Sciences Biopsy Cancer Cancer Research Cell Biology Cell culture Communicable Diseases - pathology Developmental Biology Disorders Genetic Diseases, Inborn - pathology Genetic disorders Genetic engineering Genetic Engineering - methods Health aspects Humans Infectious diseases Life Sciences Medicine - methods Neoplasms - pathology Oncology, Experimental Organoids Organoids - physiology Organs (Anatomy) Physiological aspects Review Review Article Stem cell research Stem cell transplantation Stem Cells Stem Cells - physiology |
| title | Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine |
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