CALIBER: a phase II randomized feasibility trial of chemoablation with mitomycin‐C vs surgical management in low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Objectives To evaluate the activity of intravesical mitomycin‐C (MMC) to ablate recurrent low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and assess whether it may enable patients to avoid surgical intervention for treatment of recurrence. Patients and Methods CALIBER is a phase II feasibility s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BJU international 2020-06, Vol.125 (6), p.817-826 |
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| creator | Mostafid, A. Hugh Porta, Nuria Cresswell, Joanne Griffiths, Thomas R.L. Kelly, John D. Penegar, Steven R. Davenport, Kim McGrath, John S. Campain, Nicholas Cooke, Peter Masood, Shikohe Knowles, Margaret A. Feber, Andrew Knight, Allen Catto, James W.F. Lewis, Rebecca Hall, Emma |
| description | Objectives
To evaluate the activity of intravesical mitomycin‐C (MMC) to ablate recurrent low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and assess whether it may enable patients to avoid surgical intervention for treatment of recurrence.
Patients and Methods
CALIBER is a phase II feasibility study. Participants were randomized (2:1) to treatment with four once‐weekly MMC 40‐mg intravesical instillations (chemoablation arm) or to surgical management. The surgical group was included to assess the feasibility of randomization. The primary endpoint was complete response to intravesical MMC in the chemoablation arm at 3 months, reported with exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Secondary endpoints included time to subsequent recurrence, summarized by Kaplan–Meier methods.
Results
Between February 2015 and August 2017, 82 patients with visual diagnosis of recurrent low‐risk NMIBC were enrolled from 24 UK hospitals (chemoablation, n = 54; surgical management, n =28). The median follow‐up was 24 months. Complete response at 3 months was 37.0% (20/54; 95% CI 24.3–51.3) with chemoablation and 80.8% (21/26; 95% CI 60.6–93.4) with surgical management. Amongst patients with complete response at 3 months, a similar proportion was recurrence‐free by 12 months in both groups (84%). Amongst those with residual disease at 3 months, the 12‐month recurrence‐free proportion was lower in the surgical management group (40.0%) than in the chemoablation group (84%). Recruitment stopped early as chemoablation did not meet the prespecified threshold of 45% complete responses at 3 months.
Conclusion
Intravesical chemoablation in low‐risk NMIBC is feasible and safe, but did not demonstrate sufficient response in the present trial. After chemoablation there may be a reduction in recurrence rate, even in non‐responders, that is greater than with surgery alone. Further research is required to investigate the role and optimal schedule of neoadjuvant intravesical chemotherapy prior to surgery for NMIBC. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/bju.15038 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7318672</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2407700308</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4438-e035d34512390616e07bbf9c8b61d4e05f94072e6be9daa90ba43f89b8a65c823</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc1uEzEUhS0Eon8seAFkiVUXae2xxzPDAolGBVJVQqqoxM6yPXcSh7Ed7JlEYcUj8Ag8G0-C07QVLPDGV9efzjnWQeglJWc0n3O9HM9oSVj9BB1SLviEU_Ll6cNMGnGAjlJaEpIXonyODlhBC15Sfoh-Td9dzy4ub95ghVcLlQDPZjgq3wZnv0OLO1DJatvbYYuHaFWPQ4fNAlxQuleDDR5v7LDAzg7BbY31v3_8nOJ1wmmMc2sy75RXc3DgB2w97sMmE9Gmr9iHHezGZHrIg_XrbLUGnHXbFiI2yhuIJ-hZp_oEL-7vY3T7_vLz9OPk-tOHWQ4_MZyzegKElS3LfypYQwQVQCqtu8bUWtCWAym7hpOqAKGhaZVqiFacdXWjayVKUxfsGL3d665G7aA1OW9UvVxF61TcyqCs_PfF24Wch7WsGK1FtRN4fS8Qw7cR0iCXYYw-Z5ZFtq4IYaTO1OmeMjGkFKF7dKBE7sqUuUx5V2ZmX_0d6ZF8aC8D53tgY3vY_l9JXlzd7iX_AMoEsB8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2407700308</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>CALIBER: a phase II randomized feasibility trial of chemoablation with mitomycin‐C vs surgical management in low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Mostafid, A. Hugh ; Porta, Nuria ; Cresswell, Joanne ; Griffiths, Thomas R.L. ; Kelly, John D. ; Penegar, Steven R. ; Davenport, Kim ; McGrath, John S. ; Campain, Nicholas ; Cooke, Peter ; Masood, Shikohe ; Knowles, Margaret A. ; Feber, Andrew ; Knight, Allen ; Catto, James W.F. ; Lewis, Rebecca ; Hall, Emma</creator><creatorcontrib>Mostafid, A. Hugh ; Porta, Nuria ; Cresswell, Joanne ; Griffiths, Thomas R.L. ; Kelly, John D. ; Penegar, Steven R. ; Davenport, Kim ; McGrath, John S. ; Campain, Nicholas ; Cooke, Peter ; Masood, Shikohe ; Knowles, Margaret A. ; Feber, Andrew ; Knight, Allen ; Catto, James W.F. ; Lewis, Rebecca ; Hall, Emma</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
To evaluate the activity of intravesical mitomycin‐C (MMC) to ablate recurrent low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and assess whether it may enable patients to avoid surgical intervention for treatment of recurrence.
Patients and Methods
CALIBER is a phase II feasibility study. Participants were randomized (2:1) to treatment with four once‐weekly MMC 40‐mg intravesical instillations (chemoablation arm) or to surgical management. The surgical group was included to assess the feasibility of randomization. The primary endpoint was complete response to intravesical MMC in the chemoablation arm at 3 months, reported with exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Secondary endpoints included time to subsequent recurrence, summarized by Kaplan–Meier methods.
Results
Between February 2015 and August 2017, 82 patients with visual diagnosis of recurrent low‐risk NMIBC were enrolled from 24 UK hospitals (chemoablation, n = 54; surgical management, n =28). The median follow‐up was 24 months. Complete response at 3 months was 37.0% (20/54; 95% CI 24.3–51.3) with chemoablation and 80.8% (21/26; 95% CI 60.6–93.4) with surgical management. Amongst patients with complete response at 3 months, a similar proportion was recurrence‐free by 12 months in both groups (84%). Amongst those with residual disease at 3 months, the 12‐month recurrence‐free proportion was lower in the surgical management group (40.0%) than in the chemoablation group (84%). Recruitment stopped early as chemoablation did not meet the prespecified threshold of 45% complete responses at 3 months.
Conclusion
Intravesical chemoablation in low‐risk NMIBC is feasible and safe, but did not demonstrate sufficient response in the present trial. After chemoablation there may be a reduction in recurrence rate, even in non‐responders, that is greater than with surgery alone. Further research is required to investigate the role and optimal schedule of neoadjuvant intravesical chemotherapy prior to surgery for NMIBC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1464-4096</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1464-410X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/bju.15038</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32124514</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Administration, Intravesical ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic - administration & dosage ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic - therapeutic use ; Bladder cancer ; BladderCancer ; blcsm ; chemoablation ; Chemotherapy ; Disease management ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Invasiveness ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin - administration & dosage ; Mitomycin - therapeutic use ; Mitomycin C ; non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer ; Patients ; Quality of Life ; randomized trial ; Surgery ; Trial ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - mortality ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - surgery</subject><ispartof>BJU international, 2020-06, Vol.125 (6), p.817-826</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors BJU International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International</rights><rights>2020 The Authors BJU International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International.</rights><rights>2020. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4438-e035d34512390616e07bbf9c8b61d4e05f94072e6be9daa90ba43f89b8a65c823</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4438-e035d34512390616e07bbf9c8b61d4e05f94072e6be9daa90ba43f89b8a65c823</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5999-5020 ; 0000-0002-5095-2929</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fbju.15038$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fbju.15038$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32124514$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mostafid, A. Hugh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Porta, Nuria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cresswell, Joanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffiths, Thomas R.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelly, John D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Penegar, Steven R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davenport, Kim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGrath, John S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campain, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooke, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masood, Shikohe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knowles, Margaret A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feber, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knight, Allen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Catto, James W.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Emma</creatorcontrib><title>CALIBER: a phase II randomized feasibility trial of chemoablation with mitomycin‐C vs surgical management in low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer</title><title>BJU international</title><addtitle>BJU Int</addtitle><description>Objectives
To evaluate the activity of intravesical mitomycin‐C (MMC) to ablate recurrent low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and assess whether it may enable patients to avoid surgical intervention for treatment of recurrence.
Patients and Methods
CALIBER is a phase II feasibility study. Participants were randomized (2:1) to treatment with four once‐weekly MMC 40‐mg intravesical instillations (chemoablation arm) or to surgical management. The surgical group was included to assess the feasibility of randomization. The primary endpoint was complete response to intravesical MMC in the chemoablation arm at 3 months, reported with exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Secondary endpoints included time to subsequent recurrence, summarized by Kaplan–Meier methods.
Results
Between February 2015 and August 2017, 82 patients with visual diagnosis of recurrent low‐risk NMIBC were enrolled from 24 UK hospitals (chemoablation, n = 54; surgical management, n =28). The median follow‐up was 24 months. Complete response at 3 months was 37.0% (20/54; 95% CI 24.3–51.3) with chemoablation and 80.8% (21/26; 95% CI 60.6–93.4) with surgical management. Amongst patients with complete response at 3 months, a similar proportion was recurrence‐free by 12 months in both groups (84%). Amongst those with residual disease at 3 months, the 12‐month recurrence‐free proportion was lower in the surgical management group (40.0%) than in the chemoablation group (84%). Recruitment stopped early as chemoablation did not meet the prespecified threshold of 45% complete responses at 3 months.
Conclusion
Intravesical chemoablation in low‐risk NMIBC is feasible and safe, but did not demonstrate sufficient response in the present trial. After chemoablation there may be a reduction in recurrence rate, even in non‐responders, that is greater than with surgery alone. Further research is required to investigate the role and optimal schedule of neoadjuvant intravesical chemotherapy prior to surgery for NMIBC.</description><subject>Administration, Intravesical</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Antibiotics, Antineoplastic - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Antibiotics, Antineoplastic - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Bladder cancer</subject><subject>BladderCancer</subject><subject>blcsm</subject><subject>chemoablation</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Disease management</subject><subject>Feasibility Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Invasiveness</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mitomycin - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Mitomycin - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Mitomycin C</subject><subject>non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Quality of Life</subject><subject>randomized trial</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Trial</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - surgery</subject><issn>1464-4096</issn><issn>1464-410X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1uEzEUhS0Eon8seAFkiVUXae2xxzPDAolGBVJVQqqoxM6yPXcSh7Ed7JlEYcUj8Ag8G0-C07QVLPDGV9efzjnWQeglJWc0n3O9HM9oSVj9BB1SLviEU_Ll6cNMGnGAjlJaEpIXonyODlhBC15Sfoh-Td9dzy4ub95ghVcLlQDPZjgq3wZnv0OLO1DJatvbYYuHaFWPQ4fNAlxQuleDDR5v7LDAzg7BbY31v3_8nOJ1wmmMc2sy75RXc3DgB2w97sMmE9Gmr9iHHezGZHrIg_XrbLUGnHXbFiI2yhuIJ-hZp_oEL-7vY3T7_vLz9OPk-tOHWQ4_MZyzegKElS3LfypYQwQVQCqtu8bUWtCWAym7hpOqAKGhaZVqiFacdXWjayVKUxfsGL3d665G7aA1OW9UvVxF61TcyqCs_PfF24Wch7WsGK1FtRN4fS8Qw7cR0iCXYYw-Z5ZFtq4IYaTO1OmeMjGkFKF7dKBE7sqUuUx5V2ZmX_0d6ZF8aC8D53tgY3vY_l9JXlzd7iX_AMoEsB8</recordid><startdate>202006</startdate><enddate>202006</enddate><creator>Mostafid, A. Hugh</creator><creator>Porta, Nuria</creator><creator>Cresswell, Joanne</creator><creator>Griffiths, Thomas R.L.</creator><creator>Kelly, John D.</creator><creator>Penegar, Steven R.</creator><creator>Davenport, Kim</creator><creator>McGrath, John S.</creator><creator>Campain, Nicholas</creator><creator>Cooke, Peter</creator><creator>Masood, Shikohe</creator><creator>Knowles, Margaret A.</creator><creator>Feber, Andrew</creator><creator>Knight, Allen</creator><creator>Catto, James W.F.</creator><creator>Lewis, Rebecca</creator><creator>Hall, Emma</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-5020</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5095-2929</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202006</creationdate><title>CALIBER: a phase II randomized feasibility trial of chemoablation with mitomycin‐C vs surgical management in low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer</title><author>Mostafid, A. Hugh ; Porta, Nuria ; Cresswell, Joanne ; Griffiths, Thomas R.L. ; Kelly, John D. ; Penegar, Steven R. ; Davenport, Kim ; McGrath, John S. ; Campain, Nicholas ; Cooke, Peter ; Masood, Shikohe ; Knowles, Margaret A. ; Feber, Andrew ; Knight, Allen ; Catto, James W.F. ; Lewis, Rebecca ; Hall, Emma</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4438-e035d34512390616e07bbf9c8b61d4e05f94072e6be9daa90ba43f89b8a65c823</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Administration, Intravesical</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Antibiotics, Antineoplastic - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Antibiotics, Antineoplastic - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Bladder cancer</topic><topic>BladderCancer</topic><topic>blcsm</topic><topic>chemoablation</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Disease management</topic><topic>Feasibility Studies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Invasiveness</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mitomycin - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Mitomycin - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Mitomycin C</topic><topic>non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Quality of Life</topic><topic>randomized trial</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Trial</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - surgery</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mostafid, A. Hugh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Porta, Nuria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cresswell, Joanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffiths, Thomas R.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelly, John D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Penegar, Steven R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davenport, Kim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGrath, John S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campain, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooke, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masood, Shikohe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knowles, Margaret A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feber, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knight, Allen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Catto, James W.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Emma</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Wiley Free Content</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BJU international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mostafid, A. Hugh</au><au>Porta, Nuria</au><au>Cresswell, Joanne</au><au>Griffiths, Thomas R.L.</au><au>Kelly, John D.</au><au>Penegar, Steven R.</au><au>Davenport, Kim</au><au>McGrath, John S.</au><au>Campain, Nicholas</au><au>Cooke, Peter</au><au>Masood, Shikohe</au><au>Knowles, Margaret A.</au><au>Feber, Andrew</au><au>Knight, Allen</au><au>Catto, James W.F.</au><au>Lewis, Rebecca</au><au>Hall, Emma</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>CALIBER: a phase II randomized feasibility trial of chemoablation with mitomycin‐C vs surgical management in low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer</atitle><jtitle>BJU international</jtitle><addtitle>BJU Int</addtitle><date>2020-06</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>125</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>817</spage><epage>826</epage><pages>817-826</pages><issn>1464-4096</issn><eissn>1464-410X</eissn><abstract>Objectives
To evaluate the activity of intravesical mitomycin‐C (MMC) to ablate recurrent low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and assess whether it may enable patients to avoid surgical intervention for treatment of recurrence.
Patients and Methods
CALIBER is a phase II feasibility study. Participants were randomized (2:1) to treatment with four once‐weekly MMC 40‐mg intravesical instillations (chemoablation arm) or to surgical management. The surgical group was included to assess the feasibility of randomization. The primary endpoint was complete response to intravesical MMC in the chemoablation arm at 3 months, reported with exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Secondary endpoints included time to subsequent recurrence, summarized by Kaplan–Meier methods.
Results
Between February 2015 and August 2017, 82 patients with visual diagnosis of recurrent low‐risk NMIBC were enrolled from 24 UK hospitals (chemoablation, n = 54; surgical management, n =28). The median follow‐up was 24 months. Complete response at 3 months was 37.0% (20/54; 95% CI 24.3–51.3) with chemoablation and 80.8% (21/26; 95% CI 60.6–93.4) with surgical management. Amongst patients with complete response at 3 months, a similar proportion was recurrence‐free by 12 months in both groups (84%). Amongst those with residual disease at 3 months, the 12‐month recurrence‐free proportion was lower in the surgical management group (40.0%) than in the chemoablation group (84%). Recruitment stopped early as chemoablation did not meet the prespecified threshold of 45% complete responses at 3 months.
Conclusion
Intravesical chemoablation in low‐risk NMIBC is feasible and safe, but did not demonstrate sufficient response in the present trial. After chemoablation there may be a reduction in recurrence rate, even in non‐responders, that is greater than with surgery alone. Further research is required to investigate the role and optimal schedule of neoadjuvant intravesical chemotherapy prior to surgery for NMIBC.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>32124514</pmid><doi>10.1111/bju.15038</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-5020</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5095-2929</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Administration, Intravesical Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibiotics, Antineoplastic - administration & dosage Antibiotics, Antineoplastic - therapeutic use Bladder cancer BladderCancer blcsm chemoablation Chemotherapy Disease management Feasibility Studies Female Humans Invasiveness Male Middle Aged Mitomycin - administration & dosage Mitomycin - therapeutic use Mitomycin C non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer Patients Quality of Life randomized trial Surgery Trial Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - mortality Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - surgery |
| title | CALIBER: a phase II randomized feasibility trial of chemoablation with mitomycin‐C vs surgical management in low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer |
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