Cardiometabolic risk in young adults with depression and evidence of inflammation: A birth cohort study
•Evidence of inflammation (CRP>3 mg/L) was seen in about 10 % young-adults with depression at age 18.•Depressed individuals with evidence of inflammation are at increased risk for cardiometabolic dysfunction.•Raised childhood BMI is associated with depression with inflammation at age 18.•Depressi...
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description | •Evidence of inflammation (CRP>3 mg/L) was seen in about 10 % young-adults with depression at age 18.•Depressed individuals with evidence of inflammation are at increased risk for cardiometabolic dysfunction.•Raised childhood BMI is associated with depression with inflammation at age 18.•Depression may interact with inflammation to increase risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction.
Young adults with depression and evidence of inflammation may represent a high-risk group for cardiometabolic disorders, but studies of cardiometabolic risk in this population are scarce. We aimed to examine: (1) the prevalence of low-grade inflammation in young-adults with depression; (2) cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and depression with or without evidence of inflammation.
The ALSPAC birth cohort participants were assessed for depression and serum high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels at age 18, alongside cardiometabolic measures (fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, smoking, alcohol intake) at age 18 years, and body mass index at ages 9, 13 and 18 years. Low-grade inflammation was defined as CRP>3 mg/L. Multinomial regression was used to examine associations of cardiometabolic markers with depression cases with and without evidence of inflammation. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine for interactions between depression, inflammation and cardiometabolic traits.
Out of 2932 participants, 215 met ICD-10 criteria for depressive episode at age 18 years; 23 (10.7 %) had CRP>3 mg/L and 57 (26.5 %) had CRP 1−3 mg/L. Depressive episode with raised CRP (>3 mg/L) was associated with higher triglycerides (adjusted OR = 2.09; 95 % C.I., 1.35−3.24), higher BMI (adjusted OR = 1.13; 95 % C.I., 1.05−1.22) and insulin insensitivity (adjusted OR = 1.12; 95 % C.I., 1.01−1.26), and longitudinally with higher BMI at ages 9 (adjusted OR = 1.27; 95 % C.I., 1.10−1.48) and 13 (adjusted OR = 1.23; 95 % C.I., 1.09−1.38). There was evidence for interaction between BMI and CRP for the risk of depression at age 18 (adjusted OR for the interaction term = 1.56; 95 % C.I. 0.98–2.02) and between CRP and depressive symptoms for the risk of increased BMI at age 18 (adjusted β for the interaction term = 0.05; 95 % C.I. 0.00−0.12).
A notable proportion of young adults with depression have evidence of inflammation. These individuals are at increased risk of cardiometabolic diso |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104682 |
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Young adults with depression and evidence of inflammation may represent a high-risk group for cardiometabolic disorders, but studies of cardiometabolic risk in this population are scarce. We aimed to examine: (1) the prevalence of low-grade inflammation in young-adults with depression; (2) cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and depression with or without evidence of inflammation.
The ALSPAC birth cohort participants were assessed for depression and serum high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels at age 18, alongside cardiometabolic measures (fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, smoking, alcohol intake) at age 18 years, and body mass index at ages 9, 13 and 18 years. Low-grade inflammation was defined as CRP>3 mg/L. Multinomial regression was used to examine associations of cardiometabolic markers with depression cases with and without evidence of inflammation. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine for interactions between depression, inflammation and cardiometabolic traits.
Out of 2932 participants, 215 met ICD-10 criteria for depressive episode at age 18 years; 23 (10.7 %) had CRP>3 mg/L and 57 (26.5 %) had CRP 1−3 mg/L. Depressive episode with raised CRP (>3 mg/L) was associated with higher triglycerides (adjusted OR = 2.09; 95 % C.I., 1.35−3.24), higher BMI (adjusted OR = 1.13; 95 % C.I., 1.05−1.22) and insulin insensitivity (adjusted OR = 1.12; 95 % C.I., 1.01−1.26), and longitudinally with higher BMI at ages 9 (adjusted OR = 1.27; 95 % C.I., 1.10−1.48) and 13 (adjusted OR = 1.23; 95 % C.I., 1.09−1.38). There was evidence for interaction between BMI and CRP for the risk of depression at age 18 (adjusted OR for the interaction term = 1.56; 95 % C.I. 0.98–2.02) and between CRP and depressive symptoms for the risk of increased BMI at age 18 (adjusted β for the interaction term = 0.05; 95 % C.I. 0.00−0.12).
A notable proportion of young adults with depression have evidence of inflammation. These individuals are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Management of cardiometabolic risk in depressed individuals with evidence of inflammation should form part of routine clinical practice.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0306-4530</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104682</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32339985</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; ALSPAC ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism ; Cardiometabolic risk factors ; Cardiovascular ; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; CRP ; Depression ; Depression - epidemiology ; Depression - immunology ; Depression - metabolism ; Depressive Disorder - epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder - immunology ; Depressive Disorder - metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammation - epidemiology ; Inflammation - immunology ; Inflammation - metabolism ; Longitudinal Studies ; Metabolic Diseases - epidemiology ; Metabolic Diseases - immunology ; Metabolic Diseases - metabolism ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; United Kingdom - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2020-06, Vol.116, p.104682-104682, Article 104682</ispartof><rights>2020 The Author(s)</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2020 The Author(s) 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-198ed3c1ca06e4d846dd2e6e59d0916ef5fac2f008eaea6fedde32545760f6493</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-198ed3c1ca06e4d846dd2e6e59d0916ef5fac2f008eaea6fedde32545760f6493</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453020301013$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339985$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Perry, Benjamin I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oltean, Bianca P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Peter B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khandaker, Golam M.</creatorcontrib><title>Cardiometabolic risk in young adults with depression and evidence of inflammation: A birth cohort study</title><title>Psychoneuroendocrinology</title><addtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</addtitle><description>•Evidence of inflammation (CRP>3 mg/L) was seen in about 10 % young-adults with depression at age 18.•Depressed individuals with evidence of inflammation are at increased risk for cardiometabolic dysfunction.•Raised childhood BMI is associated with depression with inflammation at age 18.•Depression may interact with inflammation to increase risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction.
Young adults with depression and evidence of inflammation may represent a high-risk group for cardiometabolic disorders, but studies of cardiometabolic risk in this population are scarce. We aimed to examine: (1) the prevalence of low-grade inflammation in young-adults with depression; (2) cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and depression with or without evidence of inflammation.
The ALSPAC birth cohort participants were assessed for depression and serum high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels at age 18, alongside cardiometabolic measures (fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, smoking, alcohol intake) at age 18 years, and body mass index at ages 9, 13 and 18 years. Low-grade inflammation was defined as CRP>3 mg/L. Multinomial regression was used to examine associations of cardiometabolic markers with depression cases with and without evidence of inflammation. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine for interactions between depression, inflammation and cardiometabolic traits.
Out of 2932 participants, 215 met ICD-10 criteria for depressive episode at age 18 years; 23 (10.7 %) had CRP>3 mg/L and 57 (26.5 %) had CRP 1−3 mg/L. Depressive episode with raised CRP (>3 mg/L) was associated with higher triglycerides (adjusted OR = 2.09; 95 % C.I., 1.35−3.24), higher BMI (adjusted OR = 1.13; 95 % C.I., 1.05−1.22) and insulin insensitivity (adjusted OR = 1.12; 95 % C.I., 1.01−1.26), and longitudinally with higher BMI at ages 9 (adjusted OR = 1.27; 95 % C.I., 1.10−1.48) and 13 (adjusted OR = 1.23; 95 % C.I., 1.09−1.38). There was evidence for interaction between BMI and CRP for the risk of depression at age 18 (adjusted OR for the interaction term = 1.56; 95 % C.I. 0.98–2.02) and between CRP and depressive symptoms for the risk of increased BMI at age 18 (adjusted β for the interaction term = 0.05; 95 % C.I. 0.00−0.12).
A notable proportion of young adults with depression have evidence of inflammation. These individuals are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Management of cardiometabolic risk in depressed individuals with evidence of inflammation should form part of routine clinical practice.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>ALSPAC</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>Cardiometabolic risk factors</subject><subject>Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>CRP</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Depression - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depression - immunology</subject><subject>Depression - metabolism</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - immunology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - epidemiology</subject><subject>Inflammation - immunology</subject><subject>Inflammation - metabolism</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases - metabolism</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>United Kingdom - epidemiology</subject><issn>0306-4530</issn><issn>1873-3360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1PGzEQhq0KVFLav4B87GVTf6y9uxwqUEQ_JCQucLYce5w47NrB9gbl37NRANFTTyPNPO87o3kRuqBkTgmVPzbzbd4HGCHMGWGHZi1b9gnNaNvwinNJTtCMcCKrWnByhr7kvCGEyFayz-iMM867rhUztFroZH0coOhl7L3ByedH7APexzGssLZjXzJ-9mWNLWwT5OxjwDpYDDtvIRjA0U286_Uw6DINL_E1Xvo0CUxcx1RwLqPdf0WnTvcZvr3Wc_Tw6-Z-8ae6vfv9d3F9W5m6oaWiXQuWG2o0kVDbtpbWMpAgOks6KsEJpw1zhLSgQUsH1gJnohaNJE7WHT9HP4--23E5gDUQStK92iY_6LRXUXv17yT4tVrFnWo4oVTQyeD7q0GKTyPkogafDfS9DhDHrBjvhGRSNPWEyiNqUsw5gXtfQ4k6pKQ26i0ldUhJHVOahBcfj3yXvcUyAVdHAKZX7TwklY0_PNv6BKYoG_3_drwApEKqwg</recordid><startdate>202006</startdate><enddate>202006</enddate><creator>Perry, Benjamin I.</creator><creator>Oltean, Bianca P.</creator><creator>Jones, Peter B.</creator><creator>Khandaker, Golam M.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Pergamon Press</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202006</creationdate><title>Cardiometabolic risk in young adults with depression and evidence of inflammation: A birth cohort study</title><author>Perry, Benjamin I. ; Oltean, Bianca P. ; Jones, Peter B. ; Khandaker, Golam M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-198ed3c1ca06e4d846dd2e6e59d0916ef5fac2f008eaea6fedde32545760f6493</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>ALSPAC</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>Cardiometabolic risk factors</topic><topic>Cardiovascular</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - blood</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>CRP</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>Depression - epidemiology</topic><topic>Depression - immunology</topic><topic>Depression - metabolism</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - immunology</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammation - epidemiology</topic><topic>Inflammation - immunology</topic><topic>Inflammation - metabolism</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases - metabolism</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>United Kingdom - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Perry, Benjamin I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oltean, Bianca P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Peter B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khandaker, Golam M.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Perry, Benjamin I.</au><au>Oltean, Bianca P.</au><au>Jones, Peter B.</au><au>Khandaker, Golam M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cardiometabolic risk in young adults with depression and evidence of inflammation: A birth cohort study</atitle><jtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</jtitle><addtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</addtitle><date>2020-06</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>116</volume><spage>104682</spage><epage>104682</epage><pages>104682-104682</pages><artnum>104682</artnum><issn>0306-4530</issn><eissn>1873-3360</eissn><abstract>•Evidence of inflammation (CRP>3 mg/L) was seen in about 10 % young-adults with depression at age 18.•Depressed individuals with evidence of inflammation are at increased risk for cardiometabolic dysfunction.•Raised childhood BMI is associated with depression with inflammation at age 18.•Depression may interact with inflammation to increase risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction.
Young adults with depression and evidence of inflammation may represent a high-risk group for cardiometabolic disorders, but studies of cardiometabolic risk in this population are scarce. We aimed to examine: (1) the prevalence of low-grade inflammation in young-adults with depression; (2) cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and depression with or without evidence of inflammation.
The ALSPAC birth cohort participants were assessed for depression and serum high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels at age 18, alongside cardiometabolic measures (fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, smoking, alcohol intake) at age 18 years, and body mass index at ages 9, 13 and 18 years. Low-grade inflammation was defined as CRP>3 mg/L. Multinomial regression was used to examine associations of cardiometabolic markers with depression cases with and without evidence of inflammation. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine for interactions between depression, inflammation and cardiometabolic traits.
Out of 2932 participants, 215 met ICD-10 criteria for depressive episode at age 18 years; 23 (10.7 %) had CRP>3 mg/L and 57 (26.5 %) had CRP 1−3 mg/L. Depressive episode with raised CRP (>3 mg/L) was associated with higher triglycerides (adjusted OR = 2.09; 95 % C.I., 1.35−3.24), higher BMI (adjusted OR = 1.13; 95 % C.I., 1.05−1.22) and insulin insensitivity (adjusted OR = 1.12; 95 % C.I., 1.01−1.26), and longitudinally with higher BMI at ages 9 (adjusted OR = 1.27; 95 % C.I., 1.10−1.48) and 13 (adjusted OR = 1.23; 95 % C.I., 1.09−1.38). There was evidence for interaction between BMI and CRP for the risk of depression at age 18 (adjusted OR for the interaction term = 1.56; 95 % C.I. 0.98–2.02) and between CRP and depressive symptoms for the risk of increased BMI at age 18 (adjusted β for the interaction term = 0.05; 95 % C.I. 0.00−0.12).
A notable proportion of young adults with depression have evidence of inflammation. These individuals are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Management of cardiometabolic risk in depressed individuals with evidence of inflammation should form part of routine clinical practice.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>32339985</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104682</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent ALSPAC Body Mass Index C-Reactive Protein - metabolism Cardiometabolic risk factors Cardiovascular Cardiovascular Diseases - blood Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Child Cross-Sectional Studies CRP Depression Depression - epidemiology Depression - immunology Depression - metabolism Depressive Disorder - epidemiology Depressive Disorder - immunology Depressive Disorder - metabolism Humans Inflammation Inflammation - epidemiology Inflammation - immunology Inflammation - metabolism Longitudinal Studies Metabolic Diseases - epidemiology Metabolic Diseases - immunology Metabolic Diseases - metabolism Prevalence Risk Factors United Kingdom - epidemiology |
title | Cardiometabolic risk in young adults with depression and evidence of inflammation: A birth cohort study |
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