A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure ® Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model
The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of Carnipure Tartrate (CT) supplementation with or without exercise on endurance capacity, recovery, and fatigue by assessing time to exhaustion as well as body weight and composition in rats. In addition, antioxidant capacity has been evaluat...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2020-05, Vol.12 (5), p.1519 |
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| creator | Sahin, Kazim Orhan, Cemal Kucuk, Osman Sahin, Nurhan Tuzcu, Mehmet Er, Besir Durkee, Shane Bellamine, Aouatef |
| description | The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of Carnipure
Tartrate (CT) supplementation with or without exercise on endurance capacity, recovery, and fatigue by assessing time to exhaustion as well as body weight and composition in rats. In addition, antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathioneperoxidase; GSHPx) activities. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups including seven rats each. A control group did not receive CT nor exercise. Another control group received 200 mg/kg CT without exercise. The other six groups of rats went through an exercise regimen consisting of a 5-day training period with incremental exercise capacity, which was followed by 6 weeks of the run at 25 m/min for 45 min every day. CT was supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg per day during the 6 weeks. Rats submitted to exercise and supplemented with CT had a significant and dose-dependent increase in time to exhaustion and this effect seems to be independent of exercise (
< 0.05). Additionally, recovery and fatigue were improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent decrease in myoglobin and lactic acid plasma levels, which are two markers of muscle recovery. CT supplementation led to a dose-response decrease in body weight and visceral fat. These effects become significant at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses (
< 0.05). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent increase in SOD, CAT, and GSHPx. Serum MDA concentrations decreased in exercising rats with CT supplementation. CT supplementation led to a decrease in serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations with the lowest levels observed at 400 mg/kg dose (
< 0.05). These effects correlated with a significant dose-dependent increase in serum total L-carnitine, free L-carnitine, and acetyl-carnitine, which linked the observed efficacy to CT supplementation. These results demonstrate that CT supplementation during exercise provides benefits on exercise performance, recovery, and fatigue as well as improved the lipid profile and antioxidant capacity. The lowest dose leads to some of these effects seen in rats where 25 mg/kg corresponds to 250 mg/day as a human equivalent. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu12051519 |
| format | Article |
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Tartrate (CT) supplementation with or without exercise on endurance capacity, recovery, and fatigue by assessing time to exhaustion as well as body weight and composition in rats. In addition, antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathioneperoxidase; GSHPx) activities. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups including seven rats each. A control group did not receive CT nor exercise. Another control group received 200 mg/kg CT without exercise. The other six groups of rats went through an exercise regimen consisting of a 5-day training period with incremental exercise capacity, which was followed by 6 weeks of the run at 25 m/min for 45 min every day. CT was supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg per day during the 6 weeks. Rats submitted to exercise and supplemented with CT had a significant and dose-dependent increase in time to exhaustion and this effect seems to be independent of exercise (
< 0.05). Additionally, recovery and fatigue were improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent decrease in myoglobin and lactic acid plasma levels, which are two markers of muscle recovery. CT supplementation led to a dose-response decrease in body weight and visceral fat. These effects become significant at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses (
< 0.05). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent increase in SOD, CAT, and GSHPx. Serum MDA concentrations decreased in exercising rats with CT supplementation. CT supplementation led to a decrease in serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations with the lowest levels observed at 400 mg/kg dose (
< 0.05). These effects correlated with a significant dose-dependent increase in serum total L-carnitine, free L-carnitine, and acetyl-carnitine, which linked the observed efficacy to CT supplementation. These results demonstrate that CT supplementation during exercise provides benefits on exercise performance, recovery, and fatigue as well as improved the lipid profile and antioxidant capacity. The lowest dose leads to some of these effects seen in rats where 25 mg/kg corresponds to 250 mg/day as a human equivalent.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu12051519</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32456174</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animal models ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Antioxidants - pharmacology ; Body composition ; Body Composition - drug effects ; Body mass index ; Body weight ; Carnitine ; Catalase ; Catalase - metabolism ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Endurance capacity ; Exhaustion ; Fatigue ; Fatigue tests ; Fatty acids ; Fitness equipment ; Fitness training programs ; Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism ; Laboratory animals ; Lactic acid ; Lipids ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Muscles ; Myoglobins ; Oxidation ; Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology ; Physiology ; Plasma levels ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Tartrates - metabolism ; Tartrates - pharmacology ; Triglycerides</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2020-05, Vol.12 (5), p.1519</ispartof><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-9314f0042b5c28c14dcc7627206fba574362edcf94736ecaa1d4c88eef8fc2e63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-9314f0042b5c28c14dcc7627206fba574362edcf94736ecaa1d4c88eef8fc2e63</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4138-7689 ; 0000-0002-2646-2479 ; 0000-0001-9542-5244</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284330/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284330/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,883,27907,27908,53774,53776</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32456174$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sahin, Kazim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orhan, Cemal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kucuk, Osman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahin, Nurhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuzcu, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Er, Besir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Durkee, Shane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bellamine, Aouatef</creatorcontrib><title>A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure ® Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of Carnipure
Tartrate (CT) supplementation with or without exercise on endurance capacity, recovery, and fatigue by assessing time to exhaustion as well as body weight and composition in rats. In addition, antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathioneperoxidase; GSHPx) activities. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups including seven rats each. A control group did not receive CT nor exercise. Another control group received 200 mg/kg CT without exercise. The other six groups of rats went through an exercise regimen consisting of a 5-day training period with incremental exercise capacity, which was followed by 6 weeks of the run at 25 m/min for 45 min every day. CT was supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg per day during the 6 weeks. Rats submitted to exercise and supplemented with CT had a significant and dose-dependent increase in time to exhaustion and this effect seems to be independent of exercise (
< 0.05). Additionally, recovery and fatigue were improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent decrease in myoglobin and lactic acid plasma levels, which are two markers of muscle recovery. CT supplementation led to a dose-response decrease in body weight and visceral fat. These effects become significant at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses (
< 0.05). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent increase in SOD, CAT, and GSHPx. Serum MDA concentrations decreased in exercising rats with CT supplementation. CT supplementation led to a decrease in serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations with the lowest levels observed at 400 mg/kg dose (
< 0.05). These effects correlated with a significant dose-dependent increase in serum total L-carnitine, free L-carnitine, and acetyl-carnitine, which linked the observed efficacy to CT supplementation. These results demonstrate that CT supplementation during exercise provides benefits on exercise performance, recovery, and fatigue as well as improved the lipid profile and antioxidant capacity. The lowest dose leads to some of these effects seen in rats where 25 mg/kg corresponds to 250 mg/day as a human equivalent.</description><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Antioxidants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Body composition</subject><subject>Body Composition - drug effects</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Carnitine</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Catalase - metabolism</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Endurance capacity</subject><subject>Exhaustion</subject><subject>Fatigue</subject><subject>Fatigue tests</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fitness equipment</subject><subject>Fitness training programs</subject><subject>Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Lactic acid</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Myoglobins</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plasma levels</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Superoxide Dismutase</subject><subject>Tartrates - metabolism</subject><subject>Tartrates - pharmacology</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkd9qFDEUxoNYbGl74wNIwBsRR_NvktkboW63VagItV6HbOZEU2aSaZIp7lP4Jj6ET2a2rbUaAjmc_M7Hd_gQekrJa84X5E2YKSMtbeniEdpjRLFGSsEfP6h30WHOl2R7FFGSP0G7nIlWUiX20I8jfBwzNMcwQeghFLxyDmzB0eGlScFPcwL86ye-MKkkUwB_nqdpgLGipvgYcL2r0M_JBAt1ZDLWl80rfA42XkOqlQk9fhf7DV7GcYrZ30z5UPt49R2S9RnwuSn4Y-xhOEA7zgwZDu_effTlZHWxfN-cfTr9sDw6a6wgsjQLToUjRLB1a1lnqeitVZIpRqRbm1YJLhn01i2E4hKsMbQXtusAXOcsA8n30dtb3Wlej5Ws6yQz6Cn50aSNjsbrf3-C_6a_xmutWCc4J1XgxZ1Ailcz5KJHny0MgwkQ56yZIIrXaFRX0ef_oZdxTqGud0NRpTjfOnp5S9kUc07g7s1QordR679RV_jZQ_v36J9g-W9-oqXb</recordid><startdate>20200523</startdate><enddate>20200523</enddate><creator>Sahin, Kazim</creator><creator>Orhan, Cemal</creator><creator>Kucuk, Osman</creator><creator>Sahin, Nurhan</creator><creator>Tuzcu, Mehmet</creator><creator>Er, Besir</creator><creator>Durkee, Shane</creator><creator>Bellamine, Aouatef</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4138-7689</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-2479</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-5244</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200523</creationdate><title>A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure ® Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model</title><author>Sahin, Kazim ; Orhan, Cemal ; Kucuk, Osman ; Sahin, Nurhan ; Tuzcu, Mehmet ; Er, Besir ; Durkee, Shane ; Bellamine, Aouatef</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-9314f0042b5c28c14dcc7627206fba574362edcf94736ecaa1d4c88eef8fc2e63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Antioxidants - pharmacology</topic><topic>Body composition</topic><topic>Body Composition - drug effects</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Carnitine</topic><topic>Catalase</topic><topic>Catalase - metabolism</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Endurance capacity</topic><topic>Exhaustion</topic><topic>Fatigue</topic><topic>Fatigue tests</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fitness equipment</topic><topic>Fitness training programs</topic><topic>Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Lactic acid</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Malondialdehyde</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>Myoglobins</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Plasma levels</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Superoxide Dismutase</topic><topic>Tartrates - metabolism</topic><topic>Tartrates - pharmacology</topic><topic>Triglycerides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sahin, Kazim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orhan, Cemal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kucuk, Osman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahin, Nurhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuzcu, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Er, Besir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Durkee, Shane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bellamine, Aouatef</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sahin, Kazim</au><au>Orhan, Cemal</au><au>Kucuk, Osman</au><au>Sahin, Nurhan</au><au>Tuzcu, Mehmet</au><au>Er, Besir</au><au>Durkee, Shane</au><au>Bellamine, Aouatef</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure ® Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2020-05-23</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1519</spage><pages>1519-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of Carnipure
Tartrate (CT) supplementation with or without exercise on endurance capacity, recovery, and fatigue by assessing time to exhaustion as well as body weight and composition in rats. In addition, antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathioneperoxidase; GSHPx) activities. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups including seven rats each. A control group did not receive CT nor exercise. Another control group received 200 mg/kg CT without exercise. The other six groups of rats went through an exercise regimen consisting of a 5-day training period with incremental exercise capacity, which was followed by 6 weeks of the run at 25 m/min for 45 min every day. CT was supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg per day during the 6 weeks. Rats submitted to exercise and supplemented with CT had a significant and dose-dependent increase in time to exhaustion and this effect seems to be independent of exercise (
< 0.05). Additionally, recovery and fatigue were improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent decrease in myoglobin and lactic acid plasma levels, which are two markers of muscle recovery. CT supplementation led to a dose-response decrease in body weight and visceral fat. These effects become significant at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses (
< 0.05). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent increase in SOD, CAT, and GSHPx. Serum MDA concentrations decreased in exercising rats with CT supplementation. CT supplementation led to a decrease in serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations with the lowest levels observed at 400 mg/kg dose (
< 0.05). These effects correlated with a significant dose-dependent increase in serum total L-carnitine, free L-carnitine, and acetyl-carnitine, which linked the observed efficacy to CT supplementation. These results demonstrate that CT supplementation during exercise provides benefits on exercise performance, recovery, and fatigue as well as improved the lipid profile and antioxidant capacity. The lowest dose leads to some of these effects seen in rats where 25 mg/kg corresponds to 250 mg/day as a human equivalent.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>32456174</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu12051519</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4138-7689</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-2479</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-5244</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Animal models Animals Antioxidants Antioxidants - pharmacology Body composition Body Composition - drug effects Body mass index Body weight Carnitine Catalase Catalase - metabolism Cholesterol Diet Dietary Supplements Endurance capacity Exhaustion Fatigue Fatigue tests Fatty acids Fitness equipment Fitness training programs Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism Laboratory animals Lactic acid Lipids Male Malondialdehyde Metabolism Metabolites Muscles Myoglobins Oxidation Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology Physiology Plasma levels Rats Rats, Wistar Superoxide Dismutase Tartrates - metabolism Tartrates - pharmacology Triglycerides |
| title | A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure ® Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model |
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