Influence of Hesperidin on Systemic Immunity of Rats Following an Intensive Training and Exhausting Exercise
Intensive training and exhausting exercise can disrupt innate and acquired immunity. The flavanone hesperidin has shown immunomodulatory properties in physiological and some pathological conditions, and positive effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2020-05, Vol.12 (5), p.1291 |
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| creator | Ruiz-Iglesias, Patricia Estruel-Amades, Sheila Camps-Bossacoma, Mariona Massot-Cladera, Malén Franch, Àngels Pérez-Cano, Francisco J Castell, Margarida |
| description | Intensive training and exhausting exercise can disrupt innate and acquired immunity. The flavanone hesperidin has shown immunomodulatory properties in physiological and some pathological conditions, and positive effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether it also prevents exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of oral hesperidin supplementation on the systemic immune system in rats following an intensive training and exhausting exercise. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were randomized into an intensive training group or a sedentary group. Intensive training was induced by running in a treadmill 5 days per week (including two exhausting tests) for five weeks. Throughout the training period, 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle was administered by oral gavage three times per week. At the end, blood, thymus, spleen and macrophages were collected before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional final exhaustion test. Hesperidin supplementation enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the proportion of phagocytic monocytes, attenuated the secretion of cytokines by stimulated macrophages, prevented the leukocytosis induced by exhaustion and increased the proportion of T helper cells in the thymus, blood and spleen. These results suggest that hesperidin can prevent exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu12051291 |
| format | Article |
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The flavanone hesperidin has shown immunomodulatory properties in physiological and some pathological conditions, and positive effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether it also prevents exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of oral hesperidin supplementation on the systemic immune system in rats following an intensive training and exhausting exercise. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were randomized into an intensive training group or a sedentary group. Intensive training was induced by running in a treadmill 5 days per week (including two exhausting tests) for five weeks. Throughout the training period, 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle was administered by oral gavage three times per week. At the end, blood, thymus, spleen and macrophages were collected before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional final exhaustion test. Hesperidin supplementation enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the proportion of phagocytic monocytes, attenuated the secretion of cytokines by stimulated macrophages, prevented the leukocytosis induced by exhaustion and increased the proportion of T helper cells in the thymus, blood and spleen. These results suggest that hesperidin can prevent exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu12051291</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32369998</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adaptive Immunity - drug effects ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Blood ; Citrus fruits ; Cytokines ; Cytotoxicity ; Dietary Supplements ; Exercise ; Exhausting ; Exhaustion ; Female ; Fitness equipment ; Fitness training programs ; Flavanones - administration & dosage ; Flavanones - pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; Food ; Helper cells ; Hesperidin ; Hesperidin - administration & dosage ; Hesperidin - pharmacology ; Immune system ; Immune System - immunology ; Immunity, Innate - drug effects ; Immunomodulation ; Killer Cells, Natural - immunology ; Laboratories ; Leukocytosis ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Macrophages - immunology ; Monocytes ; Natural killer cells ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidative Stress - drug effects ; Oxidative Stress - immunology ; Phagocytes ; Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology ; Physical Exertion - immunology ; Physical fitness ; Physiological effects ; Polyphenols ; Proteins ; Rats, Wistar ; Running ; Spleen ; Thymus ; Treadmills</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2020-05, Vol.12 (5), p.1291</ispartof><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c472t-6ff9fd9c1463bb869ec6d7c6a9d5ddd7a86f5f54f3e28a360a81c4cfaf5352223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c472t-6ff9fd9c1463bb869ec6d7c6a9d5ddd7a86f5f54f3e28a360a81c4cfaf5352223</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8948-1095 ; 0000-0002-2362-1374 ; 0000-0001-6243-9164 ; 0000-0001-8467-670X ; 0000-0002-5220-2793 ; 0000-0001-5408-0593</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7282260/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7282260/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32369998$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ruiz-Iglesias, Patricia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Estruel-Amades, Sheila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Camps-Bossacoma, Mariona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Massot-Cladera, Malén</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franch, Àngels</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pérez-Cano, Francisco J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castell, Margarida</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of Hesperidin on Systemic Immunity of Rats Following an Intensive Training and Exhausting Exercise</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>Intensive training and exhausting exercise can disrupt innate and acquired immunity. The flavanone hesperidin has shown immunomodulatory properties in physiological and some pathological conditions, and positive effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether it also prevents exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of oral hesperidin supplementation on the systemic immune system in rats following an intensive training and exhausting exercise. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were randomized into an intensive training group or a sedentary group. Intensive training was induced by running in a treadmill 5 days per week (including two exhausting tests) for five weeks. Throughout the training period, 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle was administered by oral gavage three times per week. At the end, blood, thymus, spleen and macrophages were collected before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional final exhaustion test. Hesperidin supplementation enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the proportion of phagocytic monocytes, attenuated the secretion of cytokines by stimulated macrophages, prevented the leukocytosis induced by exhaustion and increased the proportion of T helper cells in the thymus, blood and spleen. These results suggest that hesperidin can prevent exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations.</description><subject>Adaptive Immunity - drug effects</subject><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Citrus fruits</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Exhausting</subject><subject>Exhaustion</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fitness equipment</subject><subject>Fitness training programs</subject><subject>Flavanones - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Flavanones - pharmacology</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Helper cells</subject><subject>Hesperidin</subject><subject>Hesperidin - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Hesperidin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immune System - immunology</subject><subject>Immunity, Innate - 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drug effects</topic><topic>Administration, Oral</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Citrus fruits</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Exhausting</topic><topic>Exhaustion</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fitness equipment</topic><topic>Fitness training programs</topic><topic>Flavanones - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Flavanones - pharmacology</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Helper cells</topic><topic>Hesperidin</topic><topic>Hesperidin - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Hesperidin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immune System - immunology</topic><topic>Immunity, Innate - drug effects</topic><topic>Immunomodulation</topic><topic>Killer Cells, Natural - immunology</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Leukocytosis</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Macrophages - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ruiz-Iglesias, Patricia</au><au>Estruel-Amades, Sheila</au><au>Camps-Bossacoma, Mariona</au><au>Massot-Cladera, Malén</au><au>Franch, Àngels</au><au>Pérez-Cano, Francisco J</au><au>Castell, Margarida</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of Hesperidin on Systemic Immunity of Rats Following an Intensive Training and Exhausting Exercise</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2020-05-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1291</spage><pages>1291-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>Intensive training and exhausting exercise can disrupt innate and acquired immunity. The flavanone hesperidin has shown immunomodulatory properties in physiological and some pathological conditions, and positive effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether it also prevents exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of oral hesperidin supplementation on the systemic immune system in rats following an intensive training and exhausting exercise. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were randomized into an intensive training group or a sedentary group. Intensive training was induced by running in a treadmill 5 days per week (including two exhausting tests) for five weeks. Throughout the training period, 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle was administered by oral gavage three times per week. At the end, blood, thymus, spleen and macrophages were collected before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional final exhaustion test. Hesperidin supplementation enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the proportion of phagocytic monocytes, attenuated the secretion of cytokines by stimulated macrophages, prevented the leukocytosis induced by exhaustion and increased the proportion of T helper cells in the thymus, blood and spleen. These results suggest that hesperidin can prevent exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>32369998</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu12051291</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-1095</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-1374</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-9164</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-670X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5220-2793</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-0593</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adaptive Immunity - drug effects Administration, Oral Animals Antioxidants Blood Citrus fruits Cytokines Cytotoxicity Dietary Supplements Exercise Exhausting Exhaustion Female Fitness equipment Fitness training programs Flavanones - administration & dosage Flavanones - pharmacology Flavonoids Food Helper cells Hesperidin Hesperidin - administration & dosage Hesperidin - pharmacology Immune system Immune System - immunology Immunity, Innate - drug effects Immunomodulation Killer Cells, Natural - immunology Laboratories Leukocytosis Lymphocytes Macrophages Macrophages - immunology Monocytes Natural killer cells Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Oxidative Stress - immunology Phagocytes Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology Physical Exertion - immunology Physical fitness Physiological effects Polyphenols Proteins Rats, Wistar Running Spleen Thymus Treadmills |
| title | Influence of Hesperidin on Systemic Immunity of Rats Following an Intensive Training and Exhausting Exercise |
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