The Effects of Obesity on Anti-Cancer Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and more recently targeted therapies including immunotherapy are becoming routine care for some cancers. Immunotherapy aims to upregulate the patient&...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cancers 2020-05, Vol.12 (5), p.1230 |
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| creator | Woodall, Matthew J Neumann, Silke Campbell, Katrin Pattison, Sharon T Young, Sarah L |
| description | Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and more recently targeted therapies including immunotherapy are becoming routine care for some cancers. Immunotherapy aims to upregulate the patient's own immune system, enabling it to destroy cancerous cells. Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by significant weight that is an important contributor to many different diseases, including cancers. Obesity impacts the immune system and causes, among other things, a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. This is hypothesized to impact the efficacy of the immunotherapies. This review discusses the effects of obesity on the immune system and cancer immunotherapy, including the current evidence on the effect of obesity on immune checkpoint blockade, something which currently published reviews on this topic have not delved into. Data from several studies show that even though obesity causes a state of chronic low-grade inflammation with reductions in effector immune populations, it has a beneficial effect on patient survival following anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 treatment. However, research in this field is just emerging and further work is needed to expand our understanding of which cancer patients are likely to benefit from immunotherapy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/cancers12051230 |
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Traditional treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and more recently targeted therapies including immunotherapy are becoming routine care for some cancers. Immunotherapy aims to upregulate the patient's own immune system, enabling it to destroy cancerous cells. Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by significant weight that is an important contributor to many different diseases, including cancers. Obesity impacts the immune system and causes, among other things, a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. This is hypothesized to impact the efficacy of the immunotherapies. This review discusses the effects of obesity on the immune system and cancer immunotherapy, including the current evidence on the effect of obesity on immune checkpoint blockade, something which currently published reviews on this topic have not delved into. Data from several studies show that even though obesity causes a state of chronic low-grade inflammation with reductions in effector immune populations, it has a beneficial effect on patient survival following anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 treatment. However, research in this field is just emerging and further work is needed to expand our understanding of which cancer patients are likely to benefit from immunotherapy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051230</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32422865</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adipocytes ; Antigens ; Apoptosis ; Body mass index ; Bone marrow ; Breast cancer ; Cancer ; Cancer immunotherapy ; Cancer therapies ; Chemotherapy ; CTLA-4 protein ; Cytokines ; Immune checkpoint ; Immune system ; Immunotherapy ; Inflammation ; Insulin resistance ; Lipids ; Lymphatic system ; Medical research ; Metabolic disorders ; Metabolism ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Obesity ; Patients ; PD-1 protein ; PD-L1 protein ; Radiation therapy ; Review ; Surgery ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Cancers, 2020-05, Vol.12 (5), p.1230</ispartof><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). 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Data from several studies show that even though obesity causes a state of chronic low-grade inflammation with reductions in effector immune populations, it has a beneficial effect on patient survival following anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 treatment. However, research in this field is just emerging and further work is needed to expand our understanding of which cancer patients are likely to benefit from immunotherapy.</description><subject>Adipocytes</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Bone marrow</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer immunotherapy</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>CTLA-4 protein</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Immune checkpoint</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lymphatic system</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Metabolic disorders</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>PD-1 protein</subject><subject>PD-L1 protein</subject><subject>Radiation therapy</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>2072-6694</issn><issn>2072-6694</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1LxDAQxYMoKurZmxS8eKmbzKRJ9yLI4hcs7EXPIU0Tt9Ima9IK-9_b1VVW55Lh5ZeXGR4h54xeI07pxGhvbEwMaMEA6R45BiohF2LK93f6I3KW0hsdC5FJIQ_JEQIHKEVxTB6elza7c86aPmXBZYvKpqZfZ8Fnt75v8tnXH9lT1w1-o2tfZ7ta6Jc26tX6lBw43SZ7tj1PyMv93fPsMZ8vHp5mt_PccGB97iqQwuhphQAUEETNGWcFaqYpwwIlQ1nwUnPpaiqsRikQtRVOV0CntsATcvPtuxqqztbG-j7qVq1i0-m4VkE36u-Nb5bqNXwoCSXjHEaDq61BDO-DTb3qmmRs22pvw5AUcMoFllyUI3r5D30LQ_Tjel8ULxDLzUSTb8rEkFK07ncYRtUmJ_Uvp_HFxe4Ov_xPKvgJZEiNvA</recordid><startdate>20200514</startdate><enddate>20200514</enddate><creator>Woodall, Matthew J</creator><creator>Neumann, Silke</creator><creator>Campbell, Katrin</creator><creator>Pattison, Sharon T</creator><creator>Young, Sarah L</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-3625</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4034-4428</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200514</creationdate><title>The Effects of Obesity on Anti-Cancer Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy</title><author>Woodall, Matthew J ; Neumann, Silke ; Campbell, Katrin ; Pattison, Sharon T ; Young, Sarah L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-fb276ca9b32202326d414153a1a013537137548a47fd06ea37633ae6fab209e53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adipocytes</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Bone marrow</topic><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cancer immunotherapy</topic><topic>Cancer therapies</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>CTLA-4 protein</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Immune checkpoint</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Lymphatic system</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Metabolic disorders</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>PD-1 protein</topic><topic>PD-L1 protein</topic><topic>Radiation therapy</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Woodall, Matthew J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neumann, Silke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campbell, Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pattison, Sharon T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Sarah L</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Cancers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Woodall, Matthew J</au><au>Neumann, Silke</au><au>Campbell, Katrin</au><au>Pattison, Sharon T</au><au>Young, Sarah L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Effects of Obesity on Anti-Cancer Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy</atitle><jtitle>Cancers</jtitle><addtitle>Cancers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2020-05-14</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1230</spage><pages>1230-</pages><issn>2072-6694</issn><eissn>2072-6694</eissn><abstract>Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and more recently targeted therapies including immunotherapy are becoming routine care for some cancers. Immunotherapy aims to upregulate the patient's own immune system, enabling it to destroy cancerous cells. Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by significant weight that is an important contributor to many different diseases, including cancers. Obesity impacts the immune system and causes, among other things, a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. This is hypothesized to impact the efficacy of the immunotherapies. This review discusses the effects of obesity on the immune system and cancer immunotherapy, including the current evidence on the effect of obesity on immune checkpoint blockade, something which currently published reviews on this topic have not delved into. 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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Adipocytes Antigens Apoptosis Body mass index Bone marrow Breast cancer Cancer Cancer immunotherapy Cancer therapies Chemotherapy CTLA-4 protein Cytokines Immune checkpoint Immune system Immunotherapy Inflammation Insulin resistance Lipids Lymphatic system Medical research Metabolic disorders Metabolism Morbidity Mortality Obesity Patients PD-1 protein PD-L1 protein Radiation therapy Review Surgery Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Tumors |
| title | The Effects of Obesity on Anti-Cancer Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy |
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