Comparison of Maternal Functioning between Iranian Mothers with and without Depressive Symptoms: A Case-Control Study
Postpartum depression (PPD) has adverse effects on the mother's ability to work, her relationships, performance in other roles, and caregiving ability. The aim of this study was to compare levels of maternal functioning between mothers with depression symptoms and those without. The participant...
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| creator | Karami Chamgurdani, Fatemeh Barkin, Jennifer L Curry, Carolann L Mirghafourvand, Mojgan |
| description | Postpartum depression (PPD) has adverse effects on the mother's ability to work, her relationships, performance in other roles, and caregiving ability. The aim of this study was to compare levels of maternal functioning between mothers with depression symptoms and those without. The participants of this case-control study included 80 postpartum women (
= 40 with depressive symptoms and
= 40 with no depressive symptoms) referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran, in 2018-2019. The case and control groups were matched for the number of deliveries (first or second deliveries) and the type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section). A sociodemographic questionnaire, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF) were used for data collection. The relationship between maternal functioning and depression was assessed by conducting independent
tests and Pearson correlation tests in bivariate analysis and applying the general linear model (GLM) in a multivariate analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of sociodemographic information. The mean (SD) total scores of maternal functioning in the case (depressed) and control (non-depressed) groups were 63.4 (12.2) and 93.3 (13.0), respectively. According to the independent
test, this value in the control group was significantly higher than that of the case group (mean difference: -30.0; 95% confidence interval: -35.6 to -24.3;
< 0.001). In terms of the domains of the BIMF, based on the independent
test, the mean score of all domains in the control group was significantly higher than that of the case group, except for the mother-child interaction dimension (
= 0.219). Based on the Pearson correlation test, there was significant negative correlation between the PPD score and total score of BIMF (r = -0.79,
< 0.001) and its domains (r = -0.81 to -0.54,
< 0.001). In addition, based on the GLM with adjusting the sociodemographic and obstetrics characteristics, the score of maternal functioning was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group [β = -30.1; 95% CI: -36.8 to -23.4;
= 0.001]. The results of this study indicate that women with depressive symptoms have lower maternal functioning. Depressed women may find it difficult to perform their maternal duties and take care of themselves and other family members due to the burden of the depressive symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of postpar |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph17103350 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7277626</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2404041189</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-72be04c65c0ce77cedc4d79124b9737d8050fce4cd482585d9680a775a04f7ee3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkUtP3TAQha2qFVDKtsvKUjdsQu34mS4qobRQJFAXwNrydSZcXyV2ajug--8bnoJqFjPSfHM0Mwehz5QcMdaQb34DaVpTRQljgrxDe1RKUnFJ6PtX9S76mPOGEKa5bHbQLqs50ULIPTS3cZxs8jkGHHt8YQukYAd8MgdXfAw-3OAVlDuAgM-SDd4GfBHLGlLGd76ssQ3dQxHngn_ClCBnfwv4cjtOJY75Oz7Grc1QtTGUFAd8WeZu-wl96O2Q4eAp76Prk19X7e_q_M_pWXt8XjlOdalUvQLCnRSOOFDKQed4pxpa81WjmOo0EaR3wF3HdS206BqpiVVKWMJ7BcD20Y9H3Wlejcs0LDvYwUzJjzZtTbTevO0EvzY38daoWilZy0Xg8Ekgxb8z5GJGnx0Mgw0Q52yWPy5BqW4W9Ot_6CbO9798oJimjAuxUEePlEsx5wT9yzKUmHtHzVtHl4Evr094wZ8tZP8AqBGfcw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2403813455</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Comparison of Maternal Functioning between Iranian Mothers with and without Depressive Symptoms: A Case-Control Study</title><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Karami Chamgurdani, Fatemeh ; Barkin, Jennifer L ; Curry, Carolann L ; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan</creator><creatorcontrib>Karami Chamgurdani, Fatemeh ; Barkin, Jennifer L ; Curry, Carolann L ; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan</creatorcontrib><description>Postpartum depression (PPD) has adverse effects on the mother's ability to work, her relationships, performance in other roles, and caregiving ability. The aim of this study was to compare levels of maternal functioning between mothers with depression symptoms and those without. The participants of this case-control study included 80 postpartum women (
= 40 with depressive symptoms and
= 40 with no depressive symptoms) referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran, in 2018-2019. The case and control groups were matched for the number of deliveries (first or second deliveries) and the type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section). A sociodemographic questionnaire, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF) were used for data collection. The relationship between maternal functioning and depression was assessed by conducting independent
tests and Pearson correlation tests in bivariate analysis and applying the general linear model (GLM) in a multivariate analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of sociodemographic information. The mean (SD) total scores of maternal functioning in the case (depressed) and control (non-depressed) groups were 63.4 (12.2) and 93.3 (13.0), respectively. According to the independent
test, this value in the control group was significantly higher than that of the case group (mean difference: -30.0; 95% confidence interval: -35.6 to -24.3;
< 0.001). In terms of the domains of the BIMF, based on the independent
test, the mean score of all domains in the control group was significantly higher than that of the case group, except for the mother-child interaction dimension (
= 0.219). Based on the Pearson correlation test, there was significant negative correlation between the PPD score and total score of BIMF (r = -0.79,
< 0.001) and its domains (r = -0.81 to -0.54,
< 0.001). In addition, based on the GLM with adjusting the sociodemographic and obstetrics characteristics, the score of maternal functioning was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group [β = -30.1; 95% CI: -36.8 to -23.4;
= 0.001]. The results of this study indicate that women with depressive symptoms have lower maternal functioning. Depressed women may find it difficult to perform their maternal duties and take care of themselves and other family members due to the burden of the depressive symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of postpartum depression can play an important role in improving daily maternal functioning.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103350</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32408556</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Activities of daily living ; Bivariate analysis ; Cesarean section ; Child care ; Chronic illnesses ; Confidence intervals ; Correlation analysis ; Data collection ; Disease ; Domains ; Families & family life ; Health centres ; Health facilities ; Hypertension ; Medical screening ; Mental depression ; Mothers ; Multivariate analysis ; Obstetrics ; Postpartum ; Postpartum depression ; Pregnancy ; Questionnaires ; Researchers ; Social support ; Sociodemographics ; Socioeconomic factors ; Statistical analysis ; Vagina ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020-05, Vol.17 (10), p.3350</ispartof><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-72be04c65c0ce77cedc4d79124b9737d8050fce4cd482585d9680a775a04f7ee3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-72be04c65c0ce77cedc4d79124b9737d8050fce4cd482585d9680a775a04f7ee3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8360-4309 ; 0000-0001-9153-6051</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7277626/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7277626/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32408556$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Karami Chamgurdani, Fatemeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barkin, Jennifer L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curry, Carolann L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirghafourvand, Mojgan</creatorcontrib><title>Comparison of Maternal Functioning between Iranian Mothers with and without Depressive Symptoms: A Case-Control Study</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Postpartum depression (PPD) has adverse effects on the mother's ability to work, her relationships, performance in other roles, and caregiving ability. The aim of this study was to compare levels of maternal functioning between mothers with depression symptoms and those without. The participants of this case-control study included 80 postpartum women (
= 40 with depressive symptoms and
= 40 with no depressive symptoms) referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran, in 2018-2019. The case and control groups were matched for the number of deliveries (first or second deliveries) and the type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section). A sociodemographic questionnaire, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF) were used for data collection. The relationship between maternal functioning and depression was assessed by conducting independent
tests and Pearson correlation tests in bivariate analysis and applying the general linear model (GLM) in a multivariate analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of sociodemographic information. The mean (SD) total scores of maternal functioning in the case (depressed) and control (non-depressed) groups were 63.4 (12.2) and 93.3 (13.0), respectively. According to the independent
test, this value in the control group was significantly higher than that of the case group (mean difference: -30.0; 95% confidence interval: -35.6 to -24.3;
< 0.001). In terms of the domains of the BIMF, based on the independent
test, the mean score of all domains in the control group was significantly higher than that of the case group, except for the mother-child interaction dimension (
= 0.219). Based on the Pearson correlation test, there was significant negative correlation between the PPD score and total score of BIMF (r = -0.79,
< 0.001) and its domains (r = -0.81 to -0.54,
< 0.001). In addition, based on the GLM with adjusting the sociodemographic and obstetrics characteristics, the score of maternal functioning was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group [β = -30.1; 95% CI: -36.8 to -23.4;
= 0.001]. The results of this study indicate that women with depressive symptoms have lower maternal functioning. Depressed women may find it difficult to perform their maternal duties and take care of themselves and other family members due to the burden of the depressive symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of postpartum depression can play an important role in improving daily maternal functioning.</description><subject>Activities of daily living</subject><subject>Bivariate analysis</subject><subject>Cesarean section</subject><subject>Child care</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Domains</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Health centres</subject><subject>Health facilities</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Medical screening</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Obstetrics</subject><subject>Postpartum</subject><subject>Postpartum depression</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Researchers</subject><subject>Social support</subject><subject>Sociodemographics</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Vagina</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtP3TAQha2qFVDKtsvKUjdsQu34mS4qobRQJFAXwNrydSZcXyV2ajug--8bnoJqFjPSfHM0Mwehz5QcMdaQb34DaVpTRQljgrxDe1RKUnFJ6PtX9S76mPOGEKa5bHbQLqs50ULIPTS3cZxs8jkGHHt8YQukYAd8MgdXfAw-3OAVlDuAgM-SDd4GfBHLGlLGd76ssQ3dQxHngn_ClCBnfwv4cjtOJY75Oz7Grc1QtTGUFAd8WeZu-wl96O2Q4eAp76Prk19X7e_q_M_pWXt8XjlOdalUvQLCnRSOOFDKQed4pxpa81WjmOo0EaR3wF3HdS206BqpiVVKWMJ7BcD20Y9H3Wlejcs0LDvYwUzJjzZtTbTevO0EvzY38daoWilZy0Xg8Ekgxb8z5GJGnx0Mgw0Q52yWPy5BqW4W9Ot_6CbO9798oJimjAuxUEePlEsx5wT9yzKUmHtHzVtHl4Evr094wZ8tZP8AqBGfcw</recordid><startdate>20200512</startdate><enddate>20200512</enddate><creator>Karami Chamgurdani, Fatemeh</creator><creator>Barkin, Jennifer L</creator><creator>Curry, Carolann L</creator><creator>Mirghafourvand, Mojgan</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4309</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-6051</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200512</creationdate><title>Comparison of Maternal Functioning between Iranian Mothers with and without Depressive Symptoms: A Case-Control Study</title><author>Karami Chamgurdani, Fatemeh ; Barkin, Jennifer L ; Curry, Carolann L ; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-72be04c65c0ce77cedc4d79124b9737d8050fce4cd482585d9680a775a04f7ee3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Activities of daily living</topic><topic>Bivariate analysis</topic><topic>Cesarean section</topic><topic>Child care</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Domains</topic><topic>Families & family life</topic><topic>Health centres</topic><topic>Health facilities</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Medical screening</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Obstetrics</topic><topic>Postpartum</topic><topic>Postpartum depression</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Researchers</topic><topic>Social support</topic><topic>Sociodemographics</topic><topic>Socioeconomic factors</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Vagina</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Karami Chamgurdani, Fatemeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barkin, Jennifer L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curry, Carolann L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirghafourvand, Mojgan</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Karami Chamgurdani, Fatemeh</au><au>Barkin, Jennifer L</au><au>Curry, Carolann L</au><au>Mirghafourvand, Mojgan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparison of Maternal Functioning between Iranian Mothers with and without Depressive Symptoms: A Case-Control Study</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2020-05-12</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>3350</spage><pages>3350-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Postpartum depression (PPD) has adverse effects on the mother's ability to work, her relationships, performance in other roles, and caregiving ability. The aim of this study was to compare levels of maternal functioning between mothers with depression symptoms and those without. The participants of this case-control study included 80 postpartum women (
= 40 with depressive symptoms and
= 40 with no depressive symptoms) referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran, in 2018-2019. The case and control groups were matched for the number of deliveries (first or second deliveries) and the type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section). A sociodemographic questionnaire, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF) were used for data collection. The relationship between maternal functioning and depression was assessed by conducting independent
tests and Pearson correlation tests in bivariate analysis and applying the general linear model (GLM) in a multivariate analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of sociodemographic information. The mean (SD) total scores of maternal functioning in the case (depressed) and control (non-depressed) groups were 63.4 (12.2) and 93.3 (13.0), respectively. According to the independent
test, this value in the control group was significantly higher than that of the case group (mean difference: -30.0; 95% confidence interval: -35.6 to -24.3;
< 0.001). In terms of the domains of the BIMF, based on the independent
test, the mean score of all domains in the control group was significantly higher than that of the case group, except for the mother-child interaction dimension (
= 0.219). Based on the Pearson correlation test, there was significant negative correlation between the PPD score and total score of BIMF (r = -0.79,
< 0.001) and its domains (r = -0.81 to -0.54,
< 0.001). In addition, based on the GLM with adjusting the sociodemographic and obstetrics characteristics, the score of maternal functioning was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group [β = -30.1; 95% CI: -36.8 to -23.4;
= 0.001]. The results of this study indicate that women with depressive symptoms have lower maternal functioning. Depressed women may find it difficult to perform their maternal duties and take care of themselves and other family members due to the burden of the depressive symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of postpartum depression can play an important role in improving daily maternal functioning.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>32408556</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph17103350</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4309</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-6051</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Activities of daily living Bivariate analysis Cesarean section Child care Chronic illnesses Confidence intervals Correlation analysis Data collection Disease Domains Families & family life Health centres Health facilities Hypertension Medical screening Mental depression Mothers Multivariate analysis Obstetrics Postpartum Postpartum depression Pregnancy Questionnaires Researchers Social support Sociodemographics Socioeconomic factors Statistical analysis Vagina Womens health |
| title | Comparison of Maternal Functioning between Iranian Mothers with and without Depressive Symptoms: A Case-Control Study |
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