Can Hemp Help? Low-THC Cannabis and Non-THC Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Cancer
Cannabis has been used to relieve the symptoms of disease for thousands of years. However, social and political biases have limited effective interrogation of the potential benefits of cannabis and polarised public opinion. Further, the medicinal and clinical utility of cannabis is limited by the ps...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cancers 2020-04, Vol.12 (4), p.1033 |
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| creator | Afrin, Farjana Chi, Mengna Eamens, Andrew L Duchatel, Ryan J Douglas, Alicia M Schneider, Jennifer Gedye, Craig Woldu, Ameha S Dun, Matthew D |
| description | Cannabis has been used to relieve the symptoms of disease for thousands of years. However, social and political biases have limited effective interrogation of the potential benefits of cannabis and polarised public opinion. Further, the medicinal and clinical utility of cannabis is limited by the psychotropic side effects of ∆
-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆
-THC). Evidence is emerging for the therapeutic benefits of cannabis in the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, with potential efficacy as an analgesic and antiemetic for the management of cancer-related pain and treatment-related nausea and vomiting, respectively. An increasing number of preclinical studies have established that ∆
-THC can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancerous cells through the modulation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), but clinical confirmation remains lacking. In parallel, the anti-cancer properties of non-THC cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), are linked to the modulation of non-CB1R/CB2R G-protein-coupled receptors, neurotransmitter receptors, and ligand-regulated transcription factors, which together modulate oncogenic signalling and redox homeostasis. Additional evidence has also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids, and this may prove relevant in the context of peritumoural oedema and the tumour immune microenvironment. This review aims to document the emerging mechanisms of anti-cancer actions of non-THC cannabinoids. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/cancers12041033 |
| format | Article |
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-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆
-THC). Evidence is emerging for the therapeutic benefits of cannabis in the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, with potential efficacy as an analgesic and antiemetic for the management of cancer-related pain and treatment-related nausea and vomiting, respectively. An increasing number of preclinical studies have established that ∆
-THC can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancerous cells through the modulation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), but clinical confirmation remains lacking. In parallel, the anti-cancer properties of non-THC cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), are linked to the modulation of non-CB1R/CB2R G-protein-coupled receptors, neurotransmitter receptors, and ligand-regulated transcription factors, which together modulate oncogenic signalling and redox homeostasis. Additional evidence has also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids, and this may prove relevant in the context of peritumoural oedema and the tumour immune microenvironment. This review aims to document the emerging mechanisms of anti-cancer actions of non-THC cannabinoids.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041033</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32340151</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Animal cognition ; Anti-inflammatory agents ; Anxiety ; Brain research ; Cancer ; Cannabidiol ; Cannabinoid CB1 receptors ; Cannabinoid CB2 receptors ; Cannabinoids ; Cannabis ; Cell proliferation ; Edema ; Enzymes ; G protein-coupled receptors ; Hemp ; Homeostasis ; Inflammation ; Kinases ; Medical marijuana ; Medical research ; Metastasis ; Nausea ; Neurodegenerative diseases ; Neurotransmitter receptors ; Patients ; Review ; Tetrahydrocannabinol ; THC ; Transcription factors ; Tumors ; Vomiting</subject><ispartof>Cancers, 2020-04, Vol.12 (4), p.1033</ispartof><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-cf5b8d246c25f4866393883e6a4b0d9072f2c39615e521caae0214b99c367853</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-cf5b8d246c25f4866393883e6a4b0d9072f2c39615e521caae0214b99c367853</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2022-6931 ; 0000-0002-9063-5370 ; 0000-0002-3651-7672 ; 0000-0002-6327-3618 ; 0000-0002-8863-1987</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7226605/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7226605/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32340151$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Afrin, Farjana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chi, Mengna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eamens, Andrew L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duchatel, Ryan J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Douglas, Alicia M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gedye, Craig</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woldu, Ameha S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dun, Matthew D</creatorcontrib><title>Can Hemp Help? Low-THC Cannabis and Non-THC Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Cancer</title><title>Cancers</title><addtitle>Cancers (Basel)</addtitle><description>Cannabis has been used to relieve the symptoms of disease for thousands of years. However, social and political biases have limited effective interrogation of the potential benefits of cannabis and polarised public opinion. Further, the medicinal and clinical utility of cannabis is limited by the psychotropic side effects of ∆
-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆
-THC). Evidence is emerging for the therapeutic benefits of cannabis in the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, with potential efficacy as an analgesic and antiemetic for the management of cancer-related pain and treatment-related nausea and vomiting, respectively. An increasing number of preclinical studies have established that ∆
-THC can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancerous cells through the modulation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), but clinical confirmation remains lacking. In parallel, the anti-cancer properties of non-THC cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), are linked to the modulation of non-CB1R/CB2R G-protein-coupled receptors, neurotransmitter receptors, and ligand-regulated transcription factors, which together modulate oncogenic signalling and redox homeostasis. Additional evidence has also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids, and this may prove relevant in the context of peritumoural oedema and the tumour immune microenvironment. This review aims to document the emerging mechanisms of anti-cancer actions of non-THC cannabinoids.</description><subject>Analgesics</subject><subject>Anesthesia</subject><subject>Animal cognition</subject><subject>Anti-inflammatory agents</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cannabidiol</subject><subject>Cannabinoid CB1 receptors</subject><subject>Cannabinoid CB2 receptors</subject><subject>Cannabinoids</subject><subject>Cannabis</subject><subject>Cell proliferation</subject><subject>Edema</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>G protein-coupled receptors</subject><subject>Hemp</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Medical marijuana</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>Nausea</subject><subject>Neurodegenerative diseases</subject><subject>Neurotransmitter receptors</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Tetrahydrocannabinol</subject><subject>THC</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Vomiting</subject><issn>2072-6694</issn><issn>2072-6694</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkcFPwyAUxonRODN39mZIvHipAo_S9qIxizqTRS-9E0qpq2lhQqfxv5e5aeY4PMh7P758Lx9CZ5RcARTkWiurjQ-UEU4JwAE6YSRjiRAFP9x5j9AkhDcSDwDNRHaMRsCAE5rSE1ROlcUz0y9j6Za3eO4-k3I2xbFtVdUGrGyNn53dbVrX1gE3zuNhYXDpjRp6YwfsmjURLZ2io0Z1wUy29xiVD_fldJbMXx6fpnfzRHNGh0Q3aZXXjAvN0obnQkABeQ5GKF6Ruoj-G6ahEDQ1KaNaKUMY5VVRaBBZnsIY3Wxkl6uqN7WOHrzq5NK3vfJf0qlW_p_YdiFf3YfMGBOCrAUutwLeva9MGGTfBm26TlnjVkEyKFLBRAY8ohd76JtbeRu3-6EgTynPI3W9obR3IXjT_JmhRK4zk3uZxR_nuzv88b8JwTfkwJCi</recordid><startdate>20200423</startdate><enddate>20200423</enddate><creator>Afrin, Farjana</creator><creator>Chi, Mengna</creator><creator>Eamens, Andrew L</creator><creator>Duchatel, Ryan J</creator><creator>Douglas, Alicia M</creator><creator>Schneider, Jennifer</creator><creator>Gedye, Craig</creator><creator>Woldu, Ameha S</creator><creator>Dun, Matthew D</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-6931</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-5370</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-7672</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-3618</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-1987</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200423</creationdate><title>Can Hemp Help? 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-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆
-THC). Evidence is emerging for the therapeutic benefits of cannabis in the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, with potential efficacy as an analgesic and antiemetic for the management of cancer-related pain and treatment-related nausea and vomiting, respectively. An increasing number of preclinical studies have established that ∆
-THC can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancerous cells through the modulation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), but clinical confirmation remains lacking. In parallel, the anti-cancer properties of non-THC cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), are linked to the modulation of non-CB1R/CB2R G-protein-coupled receptors, neurotransmitter receptors, and ligand-regulated transcription factors, which together modulate oncogenic signalling and redox homeostasis. Additional evidence has also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids, and this may prove relevant in the context of peritumoural oedema and the tumour immune microenvironment. This review aims to document the emerging mechanisms of anti-cancer actions of non-THC cannabinoids.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>32340151</pmid><doi>10.3390/cancers12041033</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-6931</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-5370</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-7672</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-3618</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-1987</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Analgesics Anesthesia Animal cognition Anti-inflammatory agents Anxiety Brain research Cancer Cannabidiol Cannabinoid CB1 receptors Cannabinoid CB2 receptors Cannabinoids Cannabis Cell proliferation Edema Enzymes G protein-coupled receptors Hemp Homeostasis Inflammation Kinases Medical marijuana Medical research Metastasis Nausea Neurodegenerative diseases Neurotransmitter receptors Patients Review Tetrahydrocannabinol THC Transcription factors Tumors Vomiting |
| title | Can Hemp Help? Low-THC Cannabis and Non-THC Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Cancer |
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