Age Differences in Emotion Regulation Strategy Use, Variability, and Flexibility: An Experience Sampling Approach
Life span developmental theories suggest that as individuals age, they accumulate knowledge about how to deploy emotion regulation (ER) strategies effectively and learn how to match their ER strategy use with changes in situational demands. Using an event-contingent experience sampling design wherei...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Developmental psychology 2019-09, Vol.55 (9), p.1951-1964 |
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| container_end_page | 1964 |
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| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 1951 |
| container_title | Developmental psychology |
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| creator | Benson, Lizbeth English, Tammy Conroy, David E. Pincus, Aaron L. Gerstorf, Denis Ram, Nilam |
| description | Life span developmental theories suggest that as individuals age, they accumulate knowledge about how to deploy emotion regulation (ER) strategies effectively and learn how to match their ER strategy use with changes in situational demands. Using an event-contingent experience sampling design wherein 150 adults Age 18 to 89 years reported on 64,213 social interactions (M = 427.41, SD = 145.66) during 9 weeks of daily life, this study examines (a) age-related differences in individuals' usual ER strategy use (reappraisal, suppression) during everyday social interactions, (b) age-related differences in how much individuals' use of these two strategies varies across social situations-ER variability, and (c) age-related differences in the extent to which ER strategy use covaries with relational (close vs. nonclose others) and emotional (happy, sad) contextual features of those social situations-ER flexibility. In line with a small body of prior work, usual ER strategy use did not differ across adulthood and ER variability was lower at older ages. Results from multilevel models of intraindividual covariation suggested that individuals flexibly matched their ER strategy implementation to changes in emotional context-especially when interacting with close others. The results also provided evidence that the intraindividual covariation between relational context and use of suppression was weaker at older ages. Beyond these specific findings, this study demonstrated the utility of experience sampling designs, event-contingent reports, and the measurement/modeling of intraindividual variation and covariation for study of emotional development across the life span. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/dev0000727 |
| format | Article |
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Using an event-contingent experience sampling design wherein 150 adults Age 18 to 89 years reported on 64,213 social interactions (M = 427.41, SD = 145.66) during 9 weeks of daily life, this study examines (a) age-related differences in individuals' usual ER strategy use (reappraisal, suppression) during everyday social interactions, (b) age-related differences in how much individuals' use of these two strategies varies across social situations-ER variability, and (c) age-related differences in the extent to which ER strategy use covaries with relational (close vs. nonclose others) and emotional (happy, sad) contextual features of those social situations-ER flexibility. In line with a small body of prior work, usual ER strategy use did not differ across adulthood and ER variability was lower at older ages. Results from multilevel models of intraindividual covariation suggested that individuals flexibly matched their ER strategy implementation to changes in emotional context-especially when interacting with close others. The results also provided evidence that the intraindividual covariation between relational context and use of suppression was weaker at older ages. Beyond these specific findings, this study demonstrated the utility of experience sampling designs, event-contingent reports, and the measurement/modeling of intraindividual variation and covariation for study of emotional development across the life span.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-1649</identifier><identifier>ISBN: 9781433892981</identifier><identifier>ISBN: 1433892987</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-0599</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/dev0000727</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31464497</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Activities of daily living ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult Development ; Adults ; Age ; Age Differences ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Cognitive Appraisal ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Emotional Development ; Emotional Experience ; Emotional Regulation ; Emotional Regulation - physiology ; Emotional Response ; Emotionality (Personality) ; Emotions ; Emotions - physiology ; Everyday life ; Female ; Flexibility ; Human ; Human Development ; Humans ; Interpersonal Competence ; Interpersonal Relations ; Interpersonal Relationship ; Intraindividual Variability ; Life Span ; Male ; Measurement ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Pliability - physiology ; Psychological Patterns ; Sampling ; Self Control ; Social Interaction ; Social situations ; Strategies ; Test Construction ; Variability ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Developmental psychology, 2019-09, Vol.55 (9), p.1951-1964</ispartof><rights>2019 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2019, American Psychological Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association Sep 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a493t-93b7c3ec23862ca65979517486b1e2dd38f6ae4984acd8c6c26d86ffcdfbc3ab3</citedby><orcidid>0000-0001-9895-5283</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,30976,33751</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1226553$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31464497$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Pollak, Seth D</contributor><contributor>Camras, Linda A</contributor><contributor>Dubow, Eric F</contributor><contributor>Cole, Pamela M</contributor><creatorcontrib>Benson, Lizbeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>English, Tammy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conroy, David E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pincus, Aaron L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerstorf, Denis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ram, Nilam</creatorcontrib><title>Age Differences in Emotion Regulation Strategy Use, Variability, and Flexibility: An Experience Sampling Approach</title><title>Developmental psychology</title><addtitle>Dev Psychol</addtitle><description>Life span developmental theories suggest that as individuals age, they accumulate knowledge about how to deploy emotion regulation (ER) strategies effectively and learn how to match their ER strategy use with changes in situational demands. Using an event-contingent experience sampling design wherein 150 adults Age 18 to 89 years reported on 64,213 social interactions (M = 427.41, SD = 145.66) during 9 weeks of daily life, this study examines (a) age-related differences in individuals' usual ER strategy use (reappraisal, suppression) during everyday social interactions, (b) age-related differences in how much individuals' use of these two strategies varies across social situations-ER variability, and (c) age-related differences in the extent to which ER strategy use covaries with relational (close vs. nonclose others) and emotional (happy, sad) contextual features of those social situations-ER flexibility. In line with a small body of prior work, usual ER strategy use did not differ across adulthood and ER variability was lower at older ages. Results from multilevel models of intraindividual covariation suggested that individuals flexibly matched their ER strategy implementation to changes in emotional context-especially when interacting with close others. The results also provided evidence that the intraindividual covariation between relational context and use of suppression was weaker at older ages. Beyond these specific findings, this study demonstrated the utility of experience sampling designs, event-contingent reports, and the measurement/modeling of intraindividual variation and covariation for study of emotional development across the life span.</description><subject>Activities of daily living</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult Development</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Differences</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Cognitive Appraisal</subject><subject>Ecological Momentary Assessment</subject><subject>Emotional Development</subject><subject>Emotional Experience</subject><subject>Emotional Regulation</subject><subject>Emotional Regulation - physiology</subject><subject>Emotional Response</subject><subject>Emotionality (Personality)</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Emotions - physiology</subject><subject>Everyday life</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flexibility</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Human Development</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interpersonal Competence</subject><subject>Interpersonal Relations</subject><subject>Interpersonal Relationship</subject><subject>Intraindividual Variability</subject><subject>Life Span</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Models, Statistical</subject><subject>Pliability - physiology</subject><subject>Psychological Patterns</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Self Control</subject><subject>Social Interaction</subject><subject>Social situations</subject><subject>Strategies</subject><subject>Test Construction</subject><subject>Variability</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0012-1649</issn><issn>1939-0599</issn><isbn>9781433892981</isbn><isbn>1433892987</isbn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkslv1DAUxi0W0aH0wh1kiQtCE4iXeOGANGqnLKqERClXy3Fepq6y1U6qzn9fDynDcsEXL99Pn_3eZ4Sek_wtyZl8V8FNnoak8gFaEM10lhdaP0RHWirCGVOaakUeoUWeE5oRwfUBehrjVdpyposn6IARLjjXcoGuVxvAJ76uIUDnIGLf4XXbj77v8DfYTI39uTwfgx1hs8UXEZb4hw3elr7x43aJbVfh0wZu_XzwHq-Sw-0Awe8M8blth8Z3G7wahtBbd_kMPa5tE-Hofj5EF6fr78efsrOvHz8fr84yyzUbM81K6Rg4ypSgzopCS10QyZUoCdCqYqoWFrhW3LpKOeGoqJSoa1fVpWO2ZIfow-w7TGULlYMu1dCYIfjWhq3prTd_K52_NJv-xkiitKAiGby-Nwj99QRxNK2PDprGdtBP0VCqKOdC8jyhr_5Br_opdKm8HZV6zvNc_IciWlEpikS9mSkX-hgD1Psnk9zs8je_80_wyz-L3KO_Ak7AixlIebi9vP5CKBVFwZK-nHU7WDPErbNh9K6B6KaQfsS4u8wUhdGGpPazO9EQwqc</recordid><startdate>20190901</startdate><enddate>20190901</enddate><creator>Benson, Lizbeth</creator><creator>English, Tammy</creator><creator>Conroy, David E.</creator><creator>Pincus, Aaron L.</creator><creator>Gerstorf, Denis</creator><creator>Ram, Nilam</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-5283</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190901</creationdate><title>Age Differences in Emotion Regulation Strategy Use, Variability, and Flexibility: An Experience Sampling Approach</title><author>Benson, Lizbeth ; 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Using an event-contingent experience sampling design wherein 150 adults Age 18 to 89 years reported on 64,213 social interactions (M = 427.41, SD = 145.66) during 9 weeks of daily life, this study examines (a) age-related differences in individuals' usual ER strategy use (reappraisal, suppression) during everyday social interactions, (b) age-related differences in how much individuals' use of these two strategies varies across social situations-ER variability, and (c) age-related differences in the extent to which ER strategy use covaries with relational (close vs. nonclose others) and emotional (happy, sad) contextual features of those social situations-ER flexibility. In line with a small body of prior work, usual ER strategy use did not differ across adulthood and ER variability was lower at older ages. Results from multilevel models of intraindividual covariation suggested that individuals flexibly matched their ER strategy implementation to changes in emotional context-especially when interacting with close others. The results also provided evidence that the intraindividual covariation between relational context and use of suppression was weaker at older ages. Beyond these specific findings, this study demonstrated the utility of experience sampling designs, event-contingent reports, and the measurement/modeling of intraindividual variation and covariation for study of emotional development across the life span.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>31464497</pmid><doi>10.1037/dev0000727</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-5283</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Activities of daily living Adolescent Adult Adult Development Adults Age Age Differences Age Factors Aged Cognitive Appraisal Ecological Momentary Assessment Emotional Development Emotional Experience Emotional Regulation Emotional Regulation - physiology Emotional Response Emotionality (Personality) Emotions Emotions - physiology Everyday life Female Flexibility Human Human Development Humans Interpersonal Competence Interpersonal Relations Interpersonal Relationship Intraindividual Variability Life Span Male Measurement Middle Aged Models, Statistical Pliability - physiology Psychological Patterns Sampling Self Control Social Interaction Social situations Strategies Test Construction Variability Young Adult |
| title | Age Differences in Emotion Regulation Strategy Use, Variability, and Flexibility: An Experience Sampling Approach |
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