PEDOT:PSS in Water and Toluene for Organic Devices-Technical Approach
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) water and toluene solutions were investigated in detail, taking into consideration their stability, wettability, transparency, and electrochemical properties, along with change polarity caused by dopant. As dopant, methanol, ethanol,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2020-03, Vol.12 (3), p.565 |
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| creator | Jewłoszewicz, Beata Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A Przybył, Wojciech Iwan, Agnieszka Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz |
| description | Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) water and toluene solutions were investigated in detail, taking into consideration their stability, wettability, transparency, and electrochemical properties, along with change polarity caused by dopant. As dopant, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were used with different dipole moments (1.70, 1.69, and 1.66 D) and dielectric constants (33.0, 24.5, and 18.0). Three techniques, i.e., spin coating, doctor blade coating, and spray coating, were employed to created PEDOT:PSS layers on glass, glass/indium tin oxide (ITO), and glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates with optimized technical parameters for each used equipment. All used PEDOT:PSS water and toluene solutions demonstrated good wetting properties with angles below 30° for all used surfaces. Values of the energy bandgap (Eg) of PEDOT:PSS investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in solution showed increase energy Eg along with addition of alcohol to the mixture, and they were found in the range of 1.20 eV to 2.85 eV. The opposite tendency was found for the Eg value of the PEDOT:PSS layer created from water solution. The storage effect on PEDOT:PSS layers detected by CV affected only the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, thereby causing changes in the energy bandgap. Finally, simple devices were constructed and investigated by infrared (IR) thermographic camera to investigate the surface defects on the created PEDOT:PSS layers. Our study showed that a more stable PEDOT:PSS layer without pin-holes and defects can be obtained from water and toluene solutions with isopropanol via the spin coating technique with an optimal speed of 3000 rpm and time of 90 s. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym12030565 |
| format | Article |
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As dopant, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were used with different dipole moments (1.70, 1.69, and 1.66 D) and dielectric constants (33.0, 24.5, and 18.0). Three techniques, i.e., spin coating, doctor blade coating, and spray coating, were employed to created PEDOT:PSS layers on glass, glass/indium tin oxide (ITO), and glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates with optimized technical parameters for each used equipment. All used PEDOT:PSS water and toluene solutions demonstrated good wetting properties with angles below 30° for all used surfaces. Values of the energy bandgap (Eg) of PEDOT:PSS investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in solution showed increase energy Eg along with addition of alcohol to the mixture, and they were found in the range of 1.20 eV to 2.85 eV. The opposite tendency was found for the Eg value of the PEDOT:PSS layer created from water solution. The storage effect on PEDOT:PSS layers detected by CV affected only the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, thereby causing changes in the energy bandgap. Finally, simple devices were constructed and investigated by infrared (IR) thermographic camera to investigate the surface defects on the created PEDOT:PSS layers. Our study showed that a more stable PEDOT:PSS layer without pin-holes and defects can be obtained from water and toluene solutions with isopropanol via the spin coating technique with an optimal speed of 3000 rpm and time of 90 s.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym12030565</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32143387</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alcohol ; Blade coating ; Carbon ; Contact angle ; Dipole moments ; Dopants ; Electrochemical analysis ; Electrodes ; Energy gap ; Ethanol ; Fluorine ; Glass ; Indium tin oxides ; Infrared cameras ; Investigations ; Isopropanol ; Molecular orbitals ; Photovoltaic cells ; Polarity ; Polymers ; Spin coating ; Substrates ; Surface defects ; Thermography ; Toluene ; Wettability ; Wetting</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2020-03, Vol.12 (3), p.565</ispartof><rights>2020. 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As dopant, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were used with different dipole moments (1.70, 1.69, and 1.66 D) and dielectric constants (33.0, 24.5, and 18.0). Three techniques, i.e., spin coating, doctor blade coating, and spray coating, were employed to created PEDOT:PSS layers on glass, glass/indium tin oxide (ITO), and glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates with optimized technical parameters for each used equipment. All used PEDOT:PSS water and toluene solutions demonstrated good wetting properties with angles below 30° for all used surfaces. Values of the energy bandgap (Eg) of PEDOT:PSS investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in solution showed increase energy Eg along with addition of alcohol to the mixture, and they were found in the range of 1.20 eV to 2.85 eV. The opposite tendency was found for the Eg value of the PEDOT:PSS layer created from water solution. The storage effect on PEDOT:PSS layers detected by CV affected only the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, thereby causing changes in the energy bandgap. Finally, simple devices were constructed and investigated by infrared (IR) thermographic camera to investigate the surface defects on the created PEDOT:PSS layers. Our study showed that a more stable PEDOT:PSS layer without pin-holes and defects can be obtained from water and toluene solutions with isopropanol via the spin coating technique with an optimal speed of 3000 rpm and time of 90 s.</description><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Blade coating</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Contact angle</subject><subject>Dipole moments</subject><subject>Dopants</subject><subject>Electrochemical analysis</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Energy gap</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Fluorine</subject><subject>Glass</subject><subject>Indium tin oxides</subject><subject>Infrared cameras</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Isopropanol</subject><subject>Molecular orbitals</subject><subject>Photovoltaic cells</subject><subject>Polarity</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Spin coating</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Surface defects</subject><subject>Thermography</subject><subject>Toluene</subject><subject>Wettability</subject><subject>Wetting</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1LAzEQhoMoVrRHr7Lgxctqkkmyux4EsfUDhAqteAzZJNuubJM16Qr9926xFnUuM8M8vDPDi9ApwZcABb5qfbNeEooBc8H30BHFGaQMBN7_VQ_QMMZ33AfjQpDsEA2AEgaQZ0do_DIeTWbXL9NpUrvkTa1sSJQzycw3nXU2qXxIJmGuXK2Tkf2stY3pzOpF36smuW3b4JVenKCDSjXRDrf5GL3ej2d3j-nz5OHp7vY51cD4KqUEOORaY2F4iQnXJRhuMBgqVGkoq_JKs0JzpgzNMMGMCF6WZWWV0IwqDMfo5lu37cqlNdq6VVCNbEO9VGEtvarl34mrF3LuP2VGcpoXtBe42AoE_9HZuJLLOmrbNMpZ30VJIWNARFFsdp3_Q999F1z_3obiLGNYQE-l35QOPsZgq90xBMuNR_KPRz1_9vuDHf3jCHwBqhSMCQ</recordid><startdate>20200304</startdate><enddate>20200304</enddate><creator>Jewłoszewicz, Beata</creator><creator>Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A</creator><creator>Przybył, Wojciech</creator><creator>Iwan, Agnieszka</creator><creator>Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-3463</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0148-2243</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-626X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200304</creationdate><title>PEDOT:PSS in Water and Toluene for Organic Devices-Technical Approach</title><author>Jewłoszewicz, Beata ; Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A ; Przybył, Wojciech ; Iwan, Agnieszka ; Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c345t-213538cc06d5b015cb3d5d03d26abd24f8fc49c54ad270104165bbbfea6c42a03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>Blade coating</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Contact angle</topic><topic>Dipole moments</topic><topic>Dopants</topic><topic>Electrochemical analysis</topic><topic>Electrodes</topic><topic>Energy gap</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Fluorine</topic><topic>Glass</topic><topic>Indium tin oxides</topic><topic>Infrared cameras</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Isopropanol</topic><topic>Molecular orbitals</topic><topic>Photovoltaic cells</topic><topic>Polarity</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Spin coating</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Surface defects</topic><topic>Thermography</topic><topic>Toluene</topic><topic>Wettability</topic><topic>Wetting</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jewłoszewicz, Beata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Przybył, Wojciech</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iwan, Agnieszka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jewłoszewicz, Beata</au><au>Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A</au><au>Przybył, Wojciech</au><au>Iwan, Agnieszka</au><au>Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>PEDOT:PSS in Water and Toluene for Organic Devices-Technical Approach</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2020-03-04</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>565</spage><pages>565-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) water and toluene solutions were investigated in detail, taking into consideration their stability, wettability, transparency, and electrochemical properties, along with change polarity caused by dopant. As dopant, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were used with different dipole moments (1.70, 1.69, and 1.66 D) and dielectric constants (33.0, 24.5, and 18.0). Three techniques, i.e., spin coating, doctor blade coating, and spray coating, were employed to created PEDOT:PSS layers on glass, glass/indium tin oxide (ITO), and glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates with optimized technical parameters for each used equipment. All used PEDOT:PSS water and toluene solutions demonstrated good wetting properties with angles below 30° for all used surfaces. Values of the energy bandgap (Eg) of PEDOT:PSS investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in solution showed increase energy Eg along with addition of alcohol to the mixture, and they were found in the range of 1.20 eV to 2.85 eV. The opposite tendency was found for the Eg value of the PEDOT:PSS layer created from water solution. The storage effect on PEDOT:PSS layers detected by CV affected only the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, thereby causing changes in the energy bandgap. Finally, simple devices were constructed and investigated by infrared (IR) thermographic camera to investigate the surface defects on the created PEDOT:PSS layers. Our study showed that a more stable PEDOT:PSS layer without pin-holes and defects can be obtained from water and toluene solutions with isopropanol via the spin coating technique with an optimal speed of 3000 rpm and time of 90 s.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>32143387</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym12030565</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-3463</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0148-2243</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-626X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alcohol Blade coating Carbon Contact angle Dipole moments Dopants Electrochemical analysis Electrodes Energy gap Ethanol Fluorine Glass Indium tin oxides Infrared cameras Investigations Isopropanol Molecular orbitals Photovoltaic cells Polarity Polymers Spin coating Substrates Surface defects Thermography Toluene Wettability Wetting |
| title | PEDOT:PSS in Water and Toluene for Organic Devices-Technical Approach |
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