Tropism, pathology, and transmission of equine parvovirus-hepatitis
Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) has recently been associated with cases of Theiler's disease, a form of fulminant hepatic necrosis in horses. To assess whether EqPV-H is the cause of Theiler's disease, we first demonstrated hepatotropism by PCR on tissues from acutely infected horses....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Emerging microbes & infections 2020-01, Vol.9 (1), p.651-663 |
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| creator | Tomlinson, Joy Ellen Jager, Mason Struzyna, Alyssa Laverack, Melissa Fortier, Lisa Ann Dubovi, Edward Foil, Lane D. Burbelo, Peter D. Divers, Thomas J. Van de Walle, Gerlinde R. |
| description | Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) has recently been associated with cases of Theiler's disease, a form of fulminant hepatic necrosis in horses. To assess whether EqPV-H is the cause of Theiler's disease, we first demonstrated hepatotropism by PCR on tissues from acutely infected horses. We then experimentally inoculated horses with EqPV-H and 8 of 10 horses developed hepatitis. One horse showed clinical signs of liver failure. The onset of hepatitis was temporally associated with seroconversion and a decline in viremia. Liver histology and in situ hybridization showed lymphocytic infiltrates and necrotic EqPV-H-infected hepatocytes. We next investigated potential modes of transmission. Iatrogenic transmission via allogeneic stem cell therapy for orthopedic injuries was previously suggested in a case series of Theiler's disease, and was demonstrated here for the first time. Vertical transmission and mechanical vectoring by horse fly bites could not be demonstrated in this study, potentially due to limited sample size. We found EqPV-H shedding in oral and nasal secretions, and in feces. Importantly, we could demonstrate EqPV-H transmission via oral inoculation with viremic serum. Together, our findings provide additional information that EqPV-H is the likely cause of Theiler's disease and that transmission of EqPV-H occurs via both iatrogenic and natural routes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/22221751.2020.1741326 |
| format | Article |
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To assess whether EqPV-H is the cause of Theiler's disease, we first demonstrated hepatotropism by PCR on tissues from acutely infected horses. We then experimentally inoculated horses with EqPV-H and 8 of 10 horses developed hepatitis. One horse showed clinical signs of liver failure. The onset of hepatitis was temporally associated with seroconversion and a decline in viremia. Liver histology and in situ hybridization showed lymphocytic infiltrates and necrotic EqPV-H-infected hepatocytes. We next investigated potential modes of transmission. Iatrogenic transmission via allogeneic stem cell therapy for orthopedic injuries was previously suggested in a case series of Theiler's disease, and was demonstrated here for the first time. Vertical transmission and mechanical vectoring by horse fly bites could not be demonstrated in this study, potentially due to limited sample size. We found EqPV-H shedding in oral and nasal secretions, and in feces. Importantly, we could demonstrate EqPV-H transmission via oral inoculation with viremic serum. Together, our findings provide additional information that EqPV-H is the likely cause of Theiler's disease and that transmission of EqPV-H occurs via both iatrogenic and natural routes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2222-1751</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2222-1751</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1741326</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32192415</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Animals ; Diptera - virology ; Feces - virology ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal - pathology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal - transmission ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal - virology ; Hepatocytes - pathology ; Hepatocytes - virology ; Horse Diseases - pathology ; Horse Diseases - transmission ; Horse Diseases - virology ; horse fly ; Horses ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Insect Vectors - virology ; Liver - pathology ; Liver - virology ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - virology ; Mouth - virology ; Necrosis ; Parvoviridae Infections - pathology ; Parvoviridae Infections - transmission ; Parvoviridae Infections - veterinary ; Parvoviridae Infections - virology ; Parvovirus - isolation & purification ; Parvovirus - pathogenicity ; Parvovirus - physiology ; serum hepatitis ; stem cells ; Theiler's disease ; vertical transmission ; Viral Tropism ; Viremia ; Virus Shedding</subject><ispartof>Emerging microbes & infections, 2020-01, Vol.9 (1), p.651-663</ispartof><rights>2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd 2020</rights><rights>2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd 2020 The Author(s)</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c562t-f87ec4ba445a44996eabf234548120fae5e9d7289eaeef4be0ceff57514845e93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c562t-f87ec4ba445a44996eabf234548120fae5e9d7289eaeef4be0ceff57514845e93</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7365-3967 ; 0000-0003-1717-048X ; 0000-0003-4776-5759 ; 0000-0001-6036-9895 ; 0000-0002-2064-8029</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7144241/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7144241/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,27479,27901,27902,53766,53768,59116,59117</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32192415$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tomlinson, Joy Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jager, Mason</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Struzyna, Alyssa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laverack, Melissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fortier, Lisa Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dubovi, Edward</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foil, Lane D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burbelo, Peter D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Divers, Thomas J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van de Walle, Gerlinde R.</creatorcontrib><title>Tropism, pathology, and transmission of equine parvovirus-hepatitis</title><title>Emerging microbes & infections</title><addtitle>Emerg Microbes Infect</addtitle><description>Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) has recently been associated with cases of Theiler's disease, a form of fulminant hepatic necrosis in horses. To assess whether EqPV-H is the cause of Theiler's disease, we first demonstrated hepatotropism by PCR on tissues from acutely infected horses. We then experimentally inoculated horses with EqPV-H and 8 of 10 horses developed hepatitis. One horse showed clinical signs of liver failure. The onset of hepatitis was temporally associated with seroconversion and a decline in viremia. Liver histology and in situ hybridization showed lymphocytic infiltrates and necrotic EqPV-H-infected hepatocytes. We next investigated potential modes of transmission. Iatrogenic transmission via allogeneic stem cell therapy for orthopedic injuries was previously suggested in a case series of Theiler's disease, and was demonstrated here for the first time. Vertical transmission and mechanical vectoring by horse fly bites could not be demonstrated in this study, potentially due to limited sample size. We found EqPV-H shedding in oral and nasal secretions, and in feces. Importantly, we could demonstrate EqPV-H transmission via oral inoculation with viremic serum. Together, our findings provide additional information that EqPV-H is the likely cause of Theiler's disease and that transmission of EqPV-H occurs via both iatrogenic and natural routes.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Diptera - virology</subject><subject>Feces - virology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis, Viral, Animal - pathology</subject><subject>Hepatitis, Viral, Animal - transmission</subject><subject>Hepatitis, Viral, Animal - virology</subject><subject>Hepatocytes - pathology</subject><subject>Hepatocytes - virology</subject><subject>Horse Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Horse Diseases - transmission</subject><subject>Horse Diseases - virology</subject><subject>horse fly</subject><subject>Horses</subject><subject>Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical</subject><subject>Insect Vectors - virology</subject><subject>Liver - pathology</subject><subject>Liver - virology</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation</subject><subject>Mesenchymal Stem Cells - virology</subject><subject>Mouth - virology</subject><subject>Necrosis</subject><subject>Parvoviridae Infections - pathology</subject><subject>Parvoviridae Infections - transmission</subject><subject>Parvoviridae Infections - veterinary</subject><subject>Parvoviridae Infections - virology</subject><subject>Parvovirus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Parvovirus - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Parvovirus - physiology</subject><subject>serum hepatitis</subject><subject>stem cells</subject><subject>Theiler's disease</subject><subject>vertical transmission</subject><subject>Viral Tropism</subject><subject>Viremia</subject><subject>Virus Shedding</subject><issn>2222-1751</issn><issn>2222-1751</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>0YH</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UU1r3DAQFaWlCdv8hBZDLz3EqT4t-VJaljYJBHpJz0K2R7tabGsj2Vv233e2uwlJDx0QEjPvvdHMI-Q9o1eMGvqZYzCt2BWnHFNaMsGrV-T8kC8PhdfP3mfkIucNxdC0kky-JWeCs5pLps7J8j7FbcjDZbF10zr2cbW_LNzYFVNyYx5CziGORfQFPMxhBESlXdyFNOdyDUgJU8jvyBvv-gwXp3tBfv34fr-8Ke9-Xt8uv92Vrar4VHqjoZWNk1LhqesKXOO5kEoaxql3oKDuNDc1OAAvG6AteK9wAmkk1sSC3B51u-g2dpvC4NLeRhfs30RMK-vSFNoerKxBemOUrg-9uGlE1clKNK1R3mumUevLUWs7NwN0LYw4cP9C9GVlDGu7ijurGerhvhfk00kgxYcZ8mRxWS30vRshztlyYVjFuRAKoR__gW7inEZcleWKGo1e1hWi1BHVpphzAv_0GUbtwXX76Lo9uG5PriPvw_NJnliPHiPg6xEQRh_T4H7H1Hd2cvs-Jo8utyFb8f8efwCHc7tp</recordid><startdate>20200101</startdate><enddate>20200101</enddate><creator>Tomlinson, Joy Ellen</creator><creator>Jager, Mason</creator><creator>Struzyna, Alyssa</creator><creator>Laverack, Melissa</creator><creator>Fortier, Lisa Ann</creator><creator>Dubovi, Edward</creator><creator>Foil, Lane D.</creator><creator>Burbelo, Peter D.</creator><creator>Divers, Thomas J.</creator><creator>Van de Walle, Gerlinde R.</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><general>Taylor & Francis Ltd</general><general>Taylor & Francis Group</general><scope>0YH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-3967</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1717-048X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-5759</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6036-9895</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-8029</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200101</creationdate><title>Tropism, pathology, and transmission of equine parvovirus-hepatitis</title><author>Tomlinson, Joy Ellen ; Jager, Mason ; Struzyna, Alyssa ; Laverack, Melissa ; Fortier, Lisa Ann ; Dubovi, Edward ; Foil, Lane D. ; Burbelo, Peter D. ; Divers, Thomas J. ; Van de Walle, Gerlinde R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c562t-f87ec4ba445a44996eabf234548120fae5e9d7289eaeef4be0ceff57514845e93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Diptera - 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virology</topic><topic>Parvovirus - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Parvovirus - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Parvovirus - physiology</topic><topic>serum hepatitis</topic><topic>stem cells</topic><topic>Theiler's disease</topic><topic>vertical transmission</topic><topic>Viral Tropism</topic><topic>Viremia</topic><topic>Virus Shedding</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tomlinson, Joy Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jager, Mason</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Struzyna, Alyssa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laverack, Melissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fortier, Lisa Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dubovi, Edward</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foil, Lane D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burbelo, Peter D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Divers, Thomas J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van de Walle, Gerlinde R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Taylor & Francis Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Health & Nursing</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Emerging microbes & infections</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tomlinson, Joy Ellen</au><au>Jager, Mason</au><au>Struzyna, Alyssa</au><au>Laverack, Melissa</au><au>Fortier, Lisa Ann</au><au>Dubovi, Edward</au><au>Foil, Lane D.</au><au>Burbelo, Peter D.</au><au>Divers, Thomas J.</au><au>Van de Walle, Gerlinde R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tropism, pathology, and transmission of equine parvovirus-hepatitis</atitle><jtitle>Emerging microbes & infections</jtitle><addtitle>Emerg Microbes Infect</addtitle><date>2020-01-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>651</spage><epage>663</epage><pages>651-663</pages><issn>2222-1751</issn><eissn>2222-1751</eissn><abstract>Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) has recently been associated with cases of Theiler's disease, a form of fulminant hepatic necrosis in horses. To assess whether EqPV-H is the cause of Theiler's disease, we first demonstrated hepatotropism by PCR on tissues from acutely infected horses. We then experimentally inoculated horses with EqPV-H and 8 of 10 horses developed hepatitis. One horse showed clinical signs of liver failure. The onset of hepatitis was temporally associated with seroconversion and a decline in viremia. Liver histology and in situ hybridization showed lymphocytic infiltrates and necrotic EqPV-H-infected hepatocytes. We next investigated potential modes of transmission. Iatrogenic transmission via allogeneic stem cell therapy for orthopedic injuries was previously suggested in a case series of Theiler's disease, and was demonstrated here for the first time. Vertical transmission and mechanical vectoring by horse fly bites could not be demonstrated in this study, potentially due to limited sample size. We found EqPV-H shedding in oral and nasal secretions, and in feces. Importantly, we could demonstrate EqPV-H transmission via oral inoculation with viremic serum. Together, our findings provide additional information that EqPV-H is the likely cause of Theiler's disease and that transmission of EqPV-H occurs via both iatrogenic and natural routes.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>32192415</pmid><doi>10.1080/22221751.2020.1741326</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-3967</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1717-048X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-5759</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6036-9895</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-8029</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Diptera - virology Feces - virology Female Hepatitis Hepatitis, Viral, Animal - pathology Hepatitis, Viral, Animal - transmission Hepatitis, Viral, Animal - virology Hepatocytes - pathology Hepatocytes - virology Horse Diseases - pathology Horse Diseases - transmission Horse Diseases - virology horse fly Horses Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Insect Vectors - virology Liver - pathology Liver - virology Lymphocytes Male Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Mesenchymal Stem Cells - virology Mouth - virology Necrosis Parvoviridae Infections - pathology Parvoviridae Infections - transmission Parvoviridae Infections - veterinary Parvoviridae Infections - virology Parvovirus - isolation & purification Parvovirus - pathogenicity Parvovirus - physiology serum hepatitis stem cells Theiler's disease vertical transmission Viral Tropism Viremia Virus Shedding |
| title | Tropism, pathology, and transmission of equine parvovirus-hepatitis |
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