Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners
This study evaluated the effects of intermittent interval training in hypoxic conditions for six weeks compared with normoxic conditions, on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, immune function, and athletic performance in middle- and long-distance runners. Twenty athletes...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2020-03, Vol.17 (6), p.1934 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 6 |
| container_start_page | 1934 |
| container_title | International journal of environmental research and public health |
| container_volume | 17 |
| creator | Jung, Won-Sang Kim, Sung-Woo Park, Hun-Young |
| description | This study evaluated the effects of intermittent interval training in hypoxic conditions for six weeks compared with normoxic conditions, on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, immune function, and athletic performance in middle- and long-distance runners. Twenty athletes were divided into normoxic training (normoxic training group (NTG);
= 10; residing and training at sea level) and hypoxic training (hypoxic training group (HTG);
= 10; residing at sea level but training in 526-mmHg hypobaric hypoxia) groups. All dependent variables were measured before, and after, training. The training frequency was 90 min, 3 d per week for six weeks. Body composition showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the HTG showed more significantly improved athletic performance (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake). The hemodynamic function (e.g., oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and cardiac output) during submaximal exercise and ANS function (e.g., standard deviation and root mean square of successive differences, high frequency, and low/high frequency) improved more in the HTG. Immune function parameters were stable within the normal range before and after training in both groups. Therefore, hypoxic training was more effective in enhancing athletic performance, and improving hemodynamic and ANS function; further, it did not adversely affect immune function in competitive runners. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph17061934 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7143158</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2379019807</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-2122239f6e415ee4be52f662bc83032e67d13c04fa692cff9a17bcd4b9729e4b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkUtv1DAUhSMEoqWwZYkssWGT4leceIM06oOONDyEytpynOsZjxJ7sJ0R8xf41bgPqpbVte75zpGvTlW9JfiUMYk_ui3E3Ya0WBDJ-LPqmAiBay4wef7ofVS9SmmLMeu4kC-rI0ZJ12HaHld_lj5D3OsRXR124bcz6Dpq551fowu_0d5AQou8GSEX6TtEG-J0s0XaD-g8FPVryGgx7CEmGA9oYS2YjJbTNHtAl7M32QWPnEdf3DCMUN8aV8Gv63OX8m3Uj9n7Yn9dvbB6TPDmfp5UPy8vrs-u6tW3z8uzxao2nHS5poRSyqQVwEkDwHtoqBWC9qZjmFEQ7UCYwdxqIamxVmrS9mbgvWypLDg7qT7d5e7mfoLBgM9Rj2oX3aTjQQXt1FPFu41ah71qCWek6UrAh_uAGH7NkLKaXDIwjtpDmJOirJWYyA63BX3_H7oNc_TlvEJ1mDSNFLhQp3eUiSGlCPbhMwSrm5rV05qL4d3jEx7wf72yvx5Ipi0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2380155960</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners</title><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Jung, Won-Sang ; Kim, Sung-Woo ; Park, Hun-Young</creator><creatorcontrib>Jung, Won-Sang ; Kim, Sung-Woo ; Park, Hun-Young</creatorcontrib><description>This study evaluated the effects of intermittent interval training in hypoxic conditions for six weeks compared with normoxic conditions, on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, immune function, and athletic performance in middle- and long-distance runners. Twenty athletes were divided into normoxic training (normoxic training group (NTG);
= 10; residing and training at sea level) and hypoxic training (hypoxic training group (HTG);
= 10; residing at sea level but training in 526-mmHg hypobaric hypoxia) groups. All dependent variables were measured before, and after, training. The training frequency was 90 min, 3 d per week for six weeks. Body composition showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the HTG showed more significantly improved athletic performance (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake). The hemodynamic function (e.g., oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and cardiac output) during submaximal exercise and ANS function (e.g., standard deviation and root mean square of successive differences, high frequency, and low/high frequency) improved more in the HTG. Immune function parameters were stable within the normal range before and after training in both groups. Therefore, hypoxic training was more effective in enhancing athletic performance, and improving hemodynamic and ANS function; further, it did not adversely affect immune function in competitive runners.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061934</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32188027</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Athletes ; Autonomic nervous system ; Body composition ; Cardiac output ; Dependent variables ; Endurance ; Exercise intensity ; Fitness training programs ; Hematology ; Hemodynamics ; High frequencies ; Hypoxia ; Immune response ; Interval training ; Metabolism ; Methods ; Nervous system ; Oxygen consumption ; Oxygen uptake ; Physiology ; Rest ; Sea level ; Studies ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Warm up (exercise)</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020-03, Vol.17 (6), p.1934</ispartof><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-2122239f6e415ee4be52f662bc83032e67d13c04fa692cff9a17bcd4b9729e4b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-2122239f6e415ee4be52f662bc83032e67d13c04fa692cff9a17bcd4b9729e4b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3125-0478 ; 0000-0002-9901-7624 ; 0000-0001-5976-277X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7143158/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7143158/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32188027$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jung, Won-Sang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Sung-Woo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Hun-Young</creatorcontrib><title>Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>This study evaluated the effects of intermittent interval training in hypoxic conditions for six weeks compared with normoxic conditions, on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, immune function, and athletic performance in middle- and long-distance runners. Twenty athletes were divided into normoxic training (normoxic training group (NTG);
= 10; residing and training at sea level) and hypoxic training (hypoxic training group (HTG);
= 10; residing at sea level but training in 526-mmHg hypobaric hypoxia) groups. All dependent variables were measured before, and after, training. The training frequency was 90 min, 3 d per week for six weeks. Body composition showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the HTG showed more significantly improved athletic performance (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake). The hemodynamic function (e.g., oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and cardiac output) during submaximal exercise and ANS function (e.g., standard deviation and root mean square of successive differences, high frequency, and low/high frequency) improved more in the HTG. Immune function parameters were stable within the normal range before and after training in both groups. Therefore, hypoxic training was more effective in enhancing athletic performance, and improving hemodynamic and ANS function; further, it did not adversely affect immune function in competitive runners.</description><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Autonomic nervous system</subject><subject>Body composition</subject><subject>Cardiac output</subject><subject>Dependent variables</subject><subject>Endurance</subject><subject>Exercise intensity</subject><subject>Fitness training programs</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Hemodynamics</subject><subject>High frequencies</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Interval training</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Oxygen consumption</subject><subject>Oxygen uptake</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Rest</subject><subject>Sea level</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><subject>Warm up (exercise)</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtv1DAUhSMEoqWwZYkssWGT4leceIM06oOONDyEytpynOsZjxJ7sJ0R8xf41bgPqpbVte75zpGvTlW9JfiUMYk_ui3E3Ya0WBDJ-LPqmAiBay4wef7ofVS9SmmLMeu4kC-rI0ZJ12HaHld_lj5D3OsRXR124bcz6Dpq551fowu_0d5AQou8GSEX6TtEG-J0s0XaD-g8FPVryGgx7CEmGA9oYS2YjJbTNHtAl7M32QWPnEdf3DCMUN8aV8Gv63OX8m3Uj9n7Yn9dvbB6TPDmfp5UPy8vrs-u6tW3z8uzxao2nHS5poRSyqQVwEkDwHtoqBWC9qZjmFEQ7UCYwdxqIamxVmrS9mbgvWypLDg7qT7d5e7mfoLBgM9Rj2oX3aTjQQXt1FPFu41ah71qCWek6UrAh_uAGH7NkLKaXDIwjtpDmJOirJWYyA63BX3_H7oNc_TlvEJ1mDSNFLhQp3eUiSGlCPbhMwSrm5rV05qL4d3jEx7wf72yvx5Ipi0</recordid><startdate>20200316</startdate><enddate>20200316</enddate><creator>Jung, Won-Sang</creator><creator>Kim, Sung-Woo</creator><creator>Park, Hun-Young</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-0478</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-7624</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-277X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200316</creationdate><title>Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners</title><author>Jung, Won-Sang ; Kim, Sung-Woo ; Park, Hun-Young</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-2122239f6e415ee4be52f662bc83032e67d13c04fa692cff9a17bcd4b9729e4b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Autonomic nervous system</topic><topic>Body composition</topic><topic>Cardiac output</topic><topic>Dependent variables</topic><topic>Endurance</topic><topic>Exercise intensity</topic><topic>Fitness training programs</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Hemodynamics</topic><topic>High frequencies</topic><topic>Hypoxia</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Interval training</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Oxygen consumption</topic><topic>Oxygen uptake</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Rest</topic><topic>Sea level</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</topic><topic>Warm up (exercise)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jung, Won-Sang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Sung-Woo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Hun-Young</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jung, Won-Sang</au><au>Kim, Sung-Woo</au><au>Park, Hun-Young</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2020-03-16</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1934</spage><pages>1934-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>This study evaluated the effects of intermittent interval training in hypoxic conditions for six weeks compared with normoxic conditions, on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, immune function, and athletic performance in middle- and long-distance runners. Twenty athletes were divided into normoxic training (normoxic training group (NTG);
= 10; residing and training at sea level) and hypoxic training (hypoxic training group (HTG);
= 10; residing at sea level but training in 526-mmHg hypobaric hypoxia) groups. All dependent variables were measured before, and after, training. The training frequency was 90 min, 3 d per week for six weeks. Body composition showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the HTG showed more significantly improved athletic performance (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake). The hemodynamic function (e.g., oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and cardiac output) during submaximal exercise and ANS function (e.g., standard deviation and root mean square of successive differences, high frequency, and low/high frequency) improved more in the HTG. Immune function parameters were stable within the normal range before and after training in both groups. Therefore, hypoxic training was more effective in enhancing athletic performance, and improving hemodynamic and ANS function; further, it did not adversely affect immune function in competitive runners.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>32188027</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph17061934</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-0478</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-7624</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-277X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| ispartof | International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020-03, Vol.17 (6), p.1934 |
| issn | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7143158 |
| source | PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Athletes Autonomic nervous system Body composition Cardiac output Dependent variables Endurance Exercise intensity Fitness training programs Hematology Hemodynamics High frequencies Hypoxia Immune response Interval training Metabolism Methods Nervous system Oxygen consumption Oxygen uptake Physiology Rest Sea level Studies Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Warm up (exercise) |
| title | Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-30T22%3A50%3A47IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interval%20Hypoxic%20Training%20Enhances%20Athletic%20Performance%20and%20Does%20Not%20Adversely%20Affect%20Immune%20Function%20in%20Middle-%20and%20Long-Distance%20Runners&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20environmental%20research%20and%20public%20health&rft.au=Jung,%20Won-Sang&rft.date=2020-03-16&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1934&rft.pages=1934-&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijerph17061934&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2379019807%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2380155960&rft_id=info:pmid/32188027&rfr_iscdi=true |