G-Quadruplexes: More Than Just a Kink in Microbial Genomes
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical nucleic acid secondary structures formed by guanine-rich DNA and RNA sequences. In this review we aim to provide an overview of the biological roles of G4s in microbial genomes with emphasis on recent discoveries. G4s are enriched and conserved in the regulatory...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Trends in microbiology (Regular ed.) 2019-02, Vol.27 (2), p.148-163 |
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| creator | Saranathan, Nandhini Vivekanandan, Perumal |
| description | G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical nucleic acid secondary structures formed by guanine-rich DNA and RNA sequences. In this review we aim to provide an overview of the biological roles of G4s in microbial genomes with emphasis on recent discoveries. G4s are enriched and conserved in the regulatory regions of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Importantly, G4s in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomes modulate genes crucial for virus replication. Recent studies on Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) shed light on the role of G4s within the microbial transcripts as cis-acting regulatory signals that modulate translation and facilitate immune evasion. Furthermore, G4s in microbial genomes have been linked to radioresistance, antigenic variation, recombination, and latency. G4s in microbial genomes represent novel therapeutic targets for antimicrobial therapy.
G4s display functional diversity among microbes. Their ability to influence molecular processes, including replication, transcription, translation, and recombination, has implications for the observed microbial phenotypes, including latency, virulence, rapid evolution, and radioresistance.
Quadruplexes are increasingly being recognized as novel therapeutic targets in microbes. Several reports convincingly demonstrate antimicrobial activity of quadruplex-binding ligands against clinically challenging pathogens, including HIV-1, HCV, Ebola virus, Plasmodium falciparum, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.tim.2018.08.011 |
| format | Article |
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G4s display functional diversity among microbes. Their ability to influence molecular processes, including replication, transcription, translation, and recombination, has implications for the observed microbial phenotypes, including latency, virulence, rapid evolution, and radioresistance.
Quadruplexes are increasingly being recognized as novel therapeutic targets in microbes. Several reports convincingly demonstrate antimicrobial activity of quadruplex-binding ligands against clinically challenging pathogens, including HIV-1, HCV, Ebola virus, Plasmodium falciparum, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0966-842X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-4380</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.08.011</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30224157</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Antigenic Variation - genetics ; bacteria ; Bacteria - genetics ; Base Sequence ; biological functions ; Carrier Proteins ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; Epstein-Barr virus ; Fungi ; Fungi - genetics ; G-quadruplexes ; G-Quadruplexes - drug effects ; G-Quadruplexes - radiation effects ; G4s ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene sequencing ; Genome, Microbial ; Genomes ; Guanine ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis C ; Herpesvirus 4, Human - genetics ; Humans ; microbes ; Microorganisms ; Nucleotide sequence ; Radiation Tolerance ; Recombination, Genetic ; Regulatory sequences ; Ribonucleic acid ; RNA ; RNA Editing ; Virion ; Virulence ; Virus Assembly ; Virus Latency - genetics ; Virus Replication - genetics ; Viruses ; Viruses - genetics</subject><ispartof>Trends in microbiology (Regular ed.), 2019-02, Vol.27 (2), p.148-163</ispartof><rights>2018 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Feb 2019</rights><rights>2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2018 Elsevier Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-ade1bf49649fc90a75d188bd13372081c8abbb2a9af794d158efcf00d8a3c4cb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-ade1bf49649fc90a75d188bd13372081c8abbb2a9af794d158efcf00d8a3c4cb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2018.08.011$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30224157$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Saranathan, Nandhini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vivekanandan, Perumal</creatorcontrib><title>G-Quadruplexes: More Than Just a Kink in Microbial Genomes</title><title>Trends in microbiology (Regular ed.)</title><addtitle>Trends Microbiol</addtitle><description>G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical nucleic acid secondary structures formed by guanine-rich DNA and RNA sequences. In this review we aim to provide an overview of the biological roles of G4s in microbial genomes with emphasis on recent discoveries. G4s are enriched and conserved in the regulatory regions of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Importantly, G4s in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomes modulate genes crucial for virus replication. Recent studies on Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) shed light on the role of G4s within the microbial transcripts as cis-acting regulatory signals that modulate translation and facilitate immune evasion. Furthermore, G4s in microbial genomes have been linked to radioresistance, antigenic variation, recombination, and latency. G4s in microbial genomes represent novel therapeutic targets for antimicrobial therapy.
G4s display functional diversity among microbes. Their ability to influence molecular processes, including replication, transcription, translation, and recombination, has implications for the observed microbial phenotypes, including latency, virulence, rapid evolution, and radioresistance.
Quadruplexes are increasingly being recognized as novel therapeutic targets in microbes. Several reports convincingly demonstrate antimicrobial activity of quadruplex-binding ligands against clinically challenging pathogens, including HIV-1, HCV, Ebola virus, Plasmodium falciparum, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</description><subject>Antigenic Variation - genetics</subject><subject>bacteria</subject><subject>Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>biological functions</subject><subject>Carrier Proteins</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Epstein-Barr virus</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Fungi - genetics</subject><subject>G-quadruplexes</subject><subject>G-Quadruplexes - drug effects</subject><subject>G-Quadruplexes - radiation effects</subject><subject>G4s</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genome, Microbial</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Guanine</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis B</subject><subject>Hepatitis C</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 4, Human - genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>microbes</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Radiation Tolerance</subject><subject>Recombination, Genetic</subject><subject>Regulatory sequences</subject><subject>Ribonucleic acid</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA Editing</subject><subject>Virion</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><subject>Virus Assembly</subject><subject>Virus Latency - genetics</subject><subject>Virus Replication - genetics</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Viruses - genetics</subject><issn>0966-842X</issn><issn>1878-4380</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kNFLHDEQxkNR6mn7B_SlLPi850w2e8laEOTQ0_aOIij0LWST2Zrr3e6Z7Ir-9-Y4K_WlMDAP88033_wY-4IwRsDJyXLc-_WYA6oxpEL8wEaopMpFoWCPjaCaTHIl-K8DdhjjEgDKkpcf2UEBnAss5YidzvKbwbgwbFb0RPE0W3SBstt702bfh9hnJvvh2z-Zb7OFt6GrvVllM2q7NcVPbL8xq0ifX_sRu7u8uJ1e5fOfs-vp-Ty3JZd9bhxh3YhqIqrGVmBk6VCp2mFRSA4KrTJ1XXNTmUZWwmGpqLENgFOmsMLWxRE72_luhnpNzlLbB7PSm-DXJjzrznj9ftL6e_27e9QSuQRRJYPjV4PQPQwUe73shtCmzJqjVMhFpTCpcKdKb8YYqHm7gKC3uPVSJ9x6i1tDKtzufP032tvGX75J8G0noATo0VPQ0XpqLTkfyPbadf4_9i-Xm5Bp</recordid><startdate>20190201</startdate><enddate>20190201</enddate><creator>Saranathan, Nandhini</creator><creator>Vivekanandan, Perumal</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190201</creationdate><title>G-Quadruplexes: More Than Just a Kink in Microbial Genomes</title><author>Saranathan, Nandhini ; 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In this review we aim to provide an overview of the biological roles of G4s in microbial genomes with emphasis on recent discoveries. G4s are enriched and conserved in the regulatory regions of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Importantly, G4s in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomes modulate genes crucial for virus replication. Recent studies on Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) shed light on the role of G4s within the microbial transcripts as cis-acting regulatory signals that modulate translation and facilitate immune evasion. Furthermore, G4s in microbial genomes have been linked to radioresistance, antigenic variation, recombination, and latency. G4s in microbial genomes represent novel therapeutic targets for antimicrobial therapy.
G4s display functional diversity among microbes. Their ability to influence molecular processes, including replication, transcription, translation, and recombination, has implications for the observed microbial phenotypes, including latency, virulence, rapid evolution, and radioresistance.
Quadruplexes are increasingly being recognized as novel therapeutic targets in microbes. Several reports convincingly demonstrate antimicrobial activity of quadruplex-binding ligands against clinically challenging pathogens, including HIV-1, HCV, Ebola virus, Plasmodium falciparum, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>30224157</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.tim.2018.08.011</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Antigenic Variation - genetics bacteria Bacteria - genetics Base Sequence biological functions Carrier Proteins Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Epstein-Barr virus Fungi Fungi - genetics G-quadruplexes G-Quadruplexes - drug effects G-Quadruplexes - radiation effects G4s Gene Expression Regulation Gene sequencing Genome, Microbial Genomes Guanine Hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Herpesvirus 4, Human - genetics Humans microbes Microorganisms Nucleotide sequence Radiation Tolerance Recombination, Genetic Regulatory sequences Ribonucleic acid RNA RNA Editing Virion Virulence Virus Assembly Virus Latency - genetics Virus Replication - genetics Viruses Viruses - genetics |
| title | G-Quadruplexes: More Than Just a Kink in Microbial Genomes |
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