Assessment of airflow limitation, airway inflammation, and symptoms during virus-induced wheezing episodes in 4- to 6-year-old children
Background It is disputed whether recurrent episodes of wheeze in preschool-aged children comprise a distinct asthma phenotype. Objective We sought to prospectively assess airflow limitation and airway inflammation in children 4 to 6 years old with episodic virus-induced wheeze. Methods Ninety-three...
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| creator | Konstantinou, George N., MD, PhD, MSc Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, MD, PhD Manousakis, Emmanuel, MD Makrinioti, Heidi, MD Kouloufakou-Gratsia, Kalliopi, MD Saxoni-Papageorgiou, Photini, MD, PhD Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., MD, PhD |
| description | Background It is disputed whether recurrent episodes of wheeze in preschool-aged children comprise a distinct asthma phenotype. Objective We sought to prospectively assess airflow limitation and airway inflammation in children 4 to 6 years old with episodic virus-induced wheeze. Methods Ninety-three children 4 to 6 years old with a history of mild, virus-induced episodes of wheeze who were able to perform acceptable fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (F eno ) maneuvers and spirometry (with forced expiratory time ≥0.5 seconds) were followed prospectively. Lung function and F eno values were measured every 6 weeks (baseline) within the first 48 hours of an acute wheezing episode (day 0) and 10 and 30 days later. Symptom scores and peak flow measurement were recorded daily. Results Forty-three children experienced a wheezing episode. At day 0, F eno values were significantly increased, whereas forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds (FEV0.5 ) significantly decreased compared with baseline (16 ppb [interquartile range {IQR}, 13-20 ppb] vs 9 ppb IQR, 7-11 ppb] and 0.84 L [IQR, 0.75-0.99 L] vs 0.99 L [IQR, 0.9-1.07 L], respectively; both P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.033 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7112251</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0091674912017010</els_id><sourcerecordid>1273548797</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c601t-77e5ec9bf92f51011ef017eb123e89036f5447c0c4b30799d1eaa8009e6e80453</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkl2L1DAYhYso7rj6B7yQgAhe2DFv-pEGloVl8QsWvFCvQyZ9u5MxTcaknaH-Af-2KTO7q3shQqH09HlPcpKTZc-BLoFC_Xaz3ChtlowCS8KSFsWDbAFU8LxuWPUwW1AqIK95KU6yJzFuaPouGvE4O2EFCFFTush-XcSIMfboBuI7okzorN8Ta3ozqMF492bW9moixnVW9f2N6FoSp347-D6SdgzGXZOdCWPMjWtHjS3ZrxF_zjJuTfQtxuRAypwMntT5hCrk3rZEr41tA7qn2aNO2YjPju_T7Nv7d18vP-ZXnz98ury4ynVNYcg5xwq1WHWCdVU6BMCOAscVsAIbQYu6q8qSa6rLVUG5EC2gUk3KjTU2tKyK0-z84LsdVz22OuUOysptML0Kk_TKyL__OLOW134nOQBjFSSD10eD4H-MGAfZm6jRWuXQj1EC40VVNlzw_0ETnB6R0Jf30I0fg0snIaGqAHjDyzJR7EDp4GMM2N3uG6icKyE3cq6EnCsxa6kSaejFn4lvR246kIBXR0BFrWwXlNMm3nEcaFXXc_KzA4fpfnYGg4zaoEt3bQLqQbbe_Hsf5_fGtTXOpBW_44TxLq-MTFL5ZS7v3F1IJpwCLX4D8UTqYw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1551178744</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Assessment of airflow limitation, airway inflammation, and symptoms during virus-induced wheezing episodes in 4- to 6-year-old children</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present)</source><creator>Konstantinou, George N., MD, PhD, MSc ; Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, MD, PhD ; Manousakis, Emmanuel, MD ; Makrinioti, Heidi, MD ; Kouloufakou-Gratsia, Kalliopi, MD ; Saxoni-Papageorgiou, Photini, MD, PhD ; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., MD, PhD</creator><creatorcontrib>Konstantinou, George N., MD, PhD, MSc ; Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, MD, PhD ; Manousakis, Emmanuel, MD ; Makrinioti, Heidi, MD ; Kouloufakou-Gratsia, Kalliopi, MD ; Saxoni-Papageorgiou, Photini, MD, PhD ; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><description>Background It is disputed whether recurrent episodes of wheeze in preschool-aged children comprise a distinct asthma phenotype. Objective We sought to prospectively assess airflow limitation and airway inflammation in children 4 to 6 years old with episodic virus-induced wheeze. Methods Ninety-three children 4 to 6 years old with a history of mild, virus-induced episodes of wheeze who were able to perform acceptable fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (F eno ) maneuvers and spirometry (with forced expiratory time ≥0.5 seconds) were followed prospectively. Lung function and F eno values were measured every 6 weeks (baseline) within the first 48 hours of an acute wheezing episode (day 0) and 10 and 30 days later. Symptom scores and peak flow measurement were recorded daily. Results Forty-three children experienced a wheezing episode. At day 0, F eno values were significantly increased, whereas forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds (FEV0.5 ) significantly decreased compared with baseline (16 ppb [interquartile range {IQR}, 13-20 ppb] vs 9 ppb IQR, 7-11 ppb] and 0.84 L [IQR, 0.75-0.99 L] vs 0.99 L [IQR, 0.9-1.07 L], respectively; both P < .001). Airflow limitation at day 0 was reversible after bronchodilation. FEV0.5 and F eno values were significantly associated with each other and with lower and upper respiratory tract symptoms when assessed longitudinally but not cross-sectionally at all time points independently of atopy. F eno and FEV0.5 values returned to baseline levels within 10 days. Conclusions Mild episodes of wheeze in preschoolers are characterized by enhanced airway inflammation, reversible airflow limitation, and asthma-related symptoms. F eno values increase significantly during the first 48 hours and return to personal baseline within 10 days from the initiation of the episode. Longitudinal follow-up suggests that symptoms, inflammation, and lung function correlate well in this phenotype of asthma.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0091-6749</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-6825</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.033</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23199600</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JACIBY</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Mosby, Inc</publisher><subject>Age ; Airflow limitation ; airway inflammation ; Airway management ; Allergy and Immunology ; Asthma ; Atopy ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bronchodilation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma ; Exhalation ; exhaled nitric oxide ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Fundamental immunology ; Humans ; Immunopathology ; Inflammation ; Inflammation - diagnosis ; Inflammation - physiopathology ; Inflammation - virology ; Longitudinal Studies ; longitudinal study ; Lung ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Nitric oxide ; Normal distribution ; Pneumology ; Preschool children ; Reproductive Tract Infections - diagnosis ; Reproductive Tract Infections - physiopathology ; Reproductive Tract Infections - virology ; Respiratory Sounds - diagnosis ; Respiratory Sounds - etiology ; Respiratory tract ; Respiratory tract diseases ; reversibility ; Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis ; Spirometry ; Values ; Wheezing</subject><ispartof>Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2013-01, Vol.131 (1), p.87-93.e5</ispartof><rights>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology</rights><rights>2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Jan 2013</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c601t-77e5ec9bf92f51011ef017eb123e89036f5447c0c4b30799d1eaa8009e6e80453</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c601t-77e5ec9bf92f51011ef017eb123e89036f5447c0c4b30799d1eaa8009e6e80453</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.033$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27105661$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199600$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Konstantinou, George N., MD, PhD, MSc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manousakis, Emmanuel, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makrinioti, Heidi, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kouloufakou-Gratsia, Kalliopi, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saxoni-Papageorgiou, Photini, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of airflow limitation, airway inflammation, and symptoms during virus-induced wheezing episodes in 4- to 6-year-old children</title><title>Journal of allergy and clinical immunology</title><addtitle>J Allergy Clin Immunol</addtitle><description>Background It is disputed whether recurrent episodes of wheeze in preschool-aged children comprise a distinct asthma phenotype. Objective We sought to prospectively assess airflow limitation and airway inflammation in children 4 to 6 years old with episodic virus-induced wheeze. Methods Ninety-three children 4 to 6 years old with a history of mild, virus-induced episodes of wheeze who were able to perform acceptable fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (F eno ) maneuvers and spirometry (with forced expiratory time ≥0.5 seconds) were followed prospectively. Lung function and F eno values were measured every 6 weeks (baseline) within the first 48 hours of an acute wheezing episode (day 0) and 10 and 30 days later. Symptom scores and peak flow measurement were recorded daily. Results Forty-three children experienced a wheezing episode. At day 0, F eno values were significantly increased, whereas forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds (FEV0.5 ) significantly decreased compared with baseline (16 ppb [interquartile range {IQR}, 13-20 ppb] vs 9 ppb IQR, 7-11 ppb] and 0.84 L [IQR, 0.75-0.99 L] vs 0.99 L [IQR, 0.9-1.07 L], respectively; both P < .001). Airflow limitation at day 0 was reversible after bronchodilation. FEV0.5 and F eno values were significantly associated with each other and with lower and upper respiratory tract symptoms when assessed longitudinally but not cross-sectionally at all time points independently of atopy. F eno and FEV0.5 values returned to baseline levels within 10 days. Conclusions Mild episodes of wheeze in preschoolers are characterized by enhanced airway inflammation, reversible airflow limitation, and asthma-related symptoms. F eno values increase significantly during the first 48 hours and return to personal baseline within 10 days from the initiation of the episode. Longitudinal follow-up suggests that symptoms, inflammation, and lung function correlate well in this phenotype of asthma.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Airflow limitation</subject><subject>airway inflammation</subject><subject>Airway management</subject><subject>Allergy and Immunology</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Atopy</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bronchodilation</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma</subject><subject>Exhalation</subject><subject>exhaled nitric oxide</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forced Expiratory Volume</subject><subject>forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Fundamental immunology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunopathology</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - diagnosis</subject><subject>Inflammation - physiopathology</subject><subject>Inflammation - virology</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>longitudinal study</subject><subject>Lung</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Normal distribution</subject><subject>Pneumology</subject><subject>Preschool children</subject><subject>Reproductive Tract Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>Reproductive Tract Infections - physiopathology</subject><subject>Reproductive Tract Infections - virology</subject><subject>Respiratory Sounds - diagnosis</subject><subject>Respiratory Sounds - etiology</subject><subject>Respiratory tract</subject><subject>Respiratory tract diseases</subject><subject>reversibility</subject><subject>Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis</subject><subject>Spirometry</subject><subject>Values</subject><subject>Wheezing</subject><issn>0091-6749</issn><issn>1097-6825</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl2L1DAYhYso7rj6B7yQgAhe2DFv-pEGloVl8QsWvFCvQyZ9u5MxTcaknaH-Af-2KTO7q3shQqH09HlPcpKTZc-BLoFC_Xaz3ChtlowCS8KSFsWDbAFU8LxuWPUwW1AqIK95KU6yJzFuaPouGvE4O2EFCFFTush-XcSIMfboBuI7okzorN8Ta3ozqMF492bW9moixnVW9f2N6FoSp347-D6SdgzGXZOdCWPMjWtHjS3ZrxF_zjJuTfQtxuRAypwMntT5hCrk3rZEr41tA7qn2aNO2YjPju_T7Nv7d18vP-ZXnz98ury4ynVNYcg5xwq1WHWCdVU6BMCOAscVsAIbQYu6q8qSa6rLVUG5EC2gUk3KjTU2tKyK0-z84LsdVz22OuUOysptML0Kk_TKyL__OLOW134nOQBjFSSD10eD4H-MGAfZm6jRWuXQj1EC40VVNlzw_0ETnB6R0Jf30I0fg0snIaGqAHjDyzJR7EDp4GMM2N3uG6icKyE3cq6EnCsxa6kSaejFn4lvR246kIBXR0BFrWwXlNMm3nEcaFXXc_KzA4fpfnYGg4zaoEt3bQLqQbbe_Hsf5_fGtTXOpBW_44TxLq-MTFL5ZS7v3F1IJpwCLX4D8UTqYw</recordid><startdate>20130101</startdate><enddate>20130101</enddate><creator>Konstantinou, George N., MD, PhD, MSc</creator><creator>Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Manousakis, Emmanuel, MD</creator><creator>Makrinioti, Heidi, MD</creator><creator>Kouloufakou-Gratsia, Kalliopi, MD</creator><creator>Saxoni-Papageorgiou, Photini, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., MD, PhD</creator><general>Mosby, Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><general>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130101</creationdate><title>Assessment of airflow limitation, airway inflammation, and symptoms during virus-induced wheezing episodes in 4- to 6-year-old children</title><author>Konstantinou, George N., MD, PhD, MSc ; Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, MD, PhD ; Manousakis, Emmanuel, MD ; Makrinioti, Heidi, MD ; Kouloufakou-Gratsia, Kalliopi, MD ; Saxoni-Papageorgiou, Photini, MD, PhD ; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., MD, PhD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c601t-77e5ec9bf92f51011ef017eb123e89036f5447c0c4b30799d1eaa8009e6e80453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Airflow limitation</topic><topic>airway inflammation</topic><topic>Airway management</topic><topic>Allergy and Immunology</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Atopy</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bronchodilation</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma</topic><topic>Exhalation</topic><topic>exhaled nitric oxide</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Forced Expiratory Volume</topic><topic>forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Fundamental immunology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunopathology</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammation - diagnosis</topic><topic>Inflammation - physiopathology</topic><topic>Inflammation - virology</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>longitudinal study</topic><topic>Lung</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Normal distribution</topic><topic>Pneumology</topic><topic>Preschool children</topic><topic>Reproductive Tract Infections - diagnosis</topic><topic>Reproductive Tract Infections - physiopathology</topic><topic>Reproductive Tract Infections - virology</topic><topic>Respiratory Sounds - diagnosis</topic><topic>Respiratory Sounds - etiology</topic><topic>Respiratory tract</topic><topic>Respiratory tract diseases</topic><topic>reversibility</topic><topic>Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis</topic><topic>Spirometry</topic><topic>Values</topic><topic>Wheezing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Konstantinou, George N., MD, PhD, MSc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manousakis, Emmanuel, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makrinioti, Heidi, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kouloufakou-Gratsia, Kalliopi, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saxoni-Papageorgiou, Photini, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of allergy and clinical immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Konstantinou, George N., MD, PhD, MSc</au><au>Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, MD, PhD</au><au>Manousakis, Emmanuel, MD</au><au>Makrinioti, Heidi, MD</au><au>Kouloufakou-Gratsia, Kalliopi, MD</au><au>Saxoni-Papageorgiou, Photini, MD, PhD</au><au>Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., MD, PhD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of airflow limitation, airway inflammation, and symptoms during virus-induced wheezing episodes in 4- to 6-year-old children</atitle><jtitle>Journal of allergy and clinical immunology</jtitle><addtitle>J Allergy Clin Immunol</addtitle><date>2013-01-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>131</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>87</spage><epage>93.e5</epage><pages>87-93.e5</pages><issn>0091-6749</issn><eissn>1097-6825</eissn><coden>JACIBY</coden><abstract>Background It is disputed whether recurrent episodes of wheeze in preschool-aged children comprise a distinct asthma phenotype. Objective We sought to prospectively assess airflow limitation and airway inflammation in children 4 to 6 years old with episodic virus-induced wheeze. Methods Ninety-three children 4 to 6 years old with a history of mild, virus-induced episodes of wheeze who were able to perform acceptable fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (F eno ) maneuvers and spirometry (with forced expiratory time ≥0.5 seconds) were followed prospectively. Lung function and F eno values were measured every 6 weeks (baseline) within the first 48 hours of an acute wheezing episode (day 0) and 10 and 30 days later. Symptom scores and peak flow measurement were recorded daily. Results Forty-three children experienced a wheezing episode. At day 0, F eno values were significantly increased, whereas forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds (FEV0.5 ) significantly decreased compared with baseline (16 ppb [interquartile range {IQR}, 13-20 ppb] vs 9 ppb IQR, 7-11 ppb] and 0.84 L [IQR, 0.75-0.99 L] vs 0.99 L [IQR, 0.9-1.07 L], respectively; both P < .001). Airflow limitation at day 0 was reversible after bronchodilation. FEV0.5 and F eno values were significantly associated with each other and with lower and upper respiratory tract symptoms when assessed longitudinally but not cross-sectionally at all time points independently of atopy. F eno and FEV0.5 values returned to baseline levels within 10 days. Conclusions Mild episodes of wheeze in preschoolers are characterized by enhanced airway inflammation, reversible airflow limitation, and asthma-related symptoms. F eno values increase significantly during the first 48 hours and return to personal baseline within 10 days from the initiation of the episode. Longitudinal follow-up suggests that symptoms, inflammation, and lung function correlate well in this phenotype of asthma.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Mosby, Inc</pub><pmid>23199600</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.033</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age Airflow limitation airway inflammation Airway management Allergy and Immunology Asthma Atopy Biological and medical sciences Bronchodilation Child Child, Preschool Children Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma Exhalation exhaled nitric oxide Female Forced Expiratory Volume forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fundamental immunology Humans Immunopathology Inflammation Inflammation - diagnosis Inflammation - physiopathology Inflammation - virology Longitudinal Studies longitudinal study Lung Male Medical sciences Nitric oxide Normal distribution Pneumology Preschool children Reproductive Tract Infections - diagnosis Reproductive Tract Infections - physiopathology Reproductive Tract Infections - virology Respiratory Sounds - diagnosis Respiratory Sounds - etiology Respiratory tract Respiratory tract diseases reversibility Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis Spirometry Values Wheezing |
| title | Assessment of airflow limitation, airway inflammation, and symptoms during virus-induced wheezing episodes in 4- to 6-year-old children |
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