Pre-treatment serum bicarbonate predicts for primary tumor control after stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer

•Pre-treatment bicarbonate is associated with tumor recurrence after lung SBRT.•This remained after accounting for dose, T-stage, tumor volume, and histology.•Findings were validated in an independent cohort from three institutions. Tumor aggressiveness and hypoxia are linked to acidosis in the tumo...

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Veröffentlicht in:Radiotherapy and oncology 2019-11, Vol.140, p.26-33
Hauptverfasser: Sebastian, Nikhil, Wu, Trudy, Driscoll, Erin, Willers, Henning, Kelly, Suzanne, Musunuru, Hima Bindu, Mo, Xiaokui, Tan, Yubo, Bazan, Jose, Haglund, Karl, Xu-Welliver, Meng, Baschnagel, Andrew M., Ju, Andrew, Keane, Florence, Williams, Terence M.
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container_start_page 26
container_title Radiotherapy and oncology
container_volume 140
creator Sebastian, Nikhil
Wu, Trudy
Driscoll, Erin
Willers, Henning
Kelly, Suzanne
Musunuru, Hima Bindu
Mo, Xiaokui
Tan, Yubo
Bazan, Jose
Haglund, Karl
Xu-Welliver, Meng
Baschnagel, Andrew M.
Ju, Andrew
Keane, Florence
Williams, Terence M.
description •Pre-treatment bicarbonate is associated with tumor recurrence after lung SBRT.•This remained after accounting for dose, T-stage, tumor volume, and histology.•Findings were validated in an independent cohort from three institutions. Tumor aggressiveness and hypoxia are linked to acidosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that low pre-treatment serum bicarbonate, potentially correlating with an acidic and hypoxic TME, predicts for poor outcomes after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We included patients with localized NSCLC treated to a biologically effective dose (BED) ≥ 100 Gy, with available pre-treatment bicarbonate values within 3 months of treatment. We used receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the bicarbonate concentration optimally predicting for primary tumor recurrence, and evaluated its association with recurrence and survival. We validated our findings in an independent cohort of patients from three collaborating institutions. A total of 110 patients and 114 tumors were included in the training cohort, with median follow-up of 15.0 months. Bicarbonate 
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.05.014
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Tumor aggressiveness and hypoxia are linked to acidosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that low pre-treatment serum bicarbonate, potentially correlating with an acidic and hypoxic TME, predicts for poor outcomes after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We included patients with localized NSCLC treated to a biologically effective dose (BED) ≥ 100 Gy, with available pre-treatment bicarbonate values within 3 months of treatment. We used receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the bicarbonate concentration optimally predicting for primary tumor recurrence, and evaluated its association with recurrence and survival. We validated our findings in an independent cohort of patients from three collaborating institutions. A total of 110 patients and 114 tumors were included in the training cohort, with median follow-up of 15.0 months. Bicarbonate &lt; 26 mEq/L was associated with primary tumor recurrence on univariate (HR = 5.92; 95% CI 1.69–24.88; p = 0.005) and multivariate analysis (HR = 5.48; 95% CI 1.37–25.19; p = 0.020). The validation cohort consisted of 195 patients and 208 tumors with median follow-up of 27.5 months. In the validation cohort, bicarbonate &lt; 26 mEq/L was again associated with primary tumor recurrence on univariate (HR = 3.38; 95% CI 1.27–9.37; p = 0.015) and multivariate analysis (HR = 3.33; 1.18–10.07; p = 0.023). Pre-treatment bicarbonate predicts for primary tumor control in NSCLC treated with SBRT and may be useful for risk stratification. These findings should be confirmed prospectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-8140</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1879-0887</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0887</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.05.014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31176206</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bicarbonate ; Bicarbonates - blood ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - blood ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - radiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms - blood ; Lung Neoplasms - mortality ; Lung Neoplasms - radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Non-small cell lung cancer ; Primary tumor recurrence ; Radiosurgery ; Stereotactic body radiation therapy ; Tumor Microenvironment</subject><ispartof>Radiotherapy and oncology, 2019-11, Vol.140, p.26-33</ispartof><rights>2019 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. 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Bicarbonate &lt; 26 mEq/L was associated with primary tumor recurrence on univariate (HR = 5.92; 95% CI 1.69–24.88; p = 0.005) and multivariate analysis (HR = 5.48; 95% CI 1.37–25.19; p = 0.020). The validation cohort consisted of 195 patients and 208 tumors with median follow-up of 27.5 months. In the validation cohort, bicarbonate &lt; 26 mEq/L was again associated with primary tumor recurrence on univariate (HR = 3.38; 95% CI 1.27–9.37; p = 0.015) and multivariate analysis (HR = 3.33; 1.18–10.07; p = 0.023). Pre-treatment bicarbonate predicts for primary tumor control in NSCLC treated with SBRT and may be useful for risk stratification. 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Tumor aggressiveness and hypoxia are linked to acidosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that low pre-treatment serum bicarbonate, potentially correlating with an acidic and hypoxic TME, predicts for poor outcomes after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We included patients with localized NSCLC treated to a biologically effective dose (BED) ≥ 100 Gy, with available pre-treatment bicarbonate values within 3 months of treatment. We used receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the bicarbonate concentration optimally predicting for primary tumor recurrence, and evaluated its association with recurrence and survival. We validated our findings in an independent cohort of patients from three collaborating institutions. A total of 110 patients and 114 tumors were included in the training cohort, with median follow-up of 15.0 months. Bicarbonate &lt; 26 mEq/L was associated with primary tumor recurrence on univariate (HR = 5.92; 95% CI 1.69–24.88; p = 0.005) and multivariate analysis (HR = 5.48; 95% CI 1.37–25.19; p = 0.020). The validation cohort consisted of 195 patients and 208 tumors with median follow-up of 27.5 months. In the validation cohort, bicarbonate &lt; 26 mEq/L was again associated with primary tumor recurrence on univariate (HR = 3.38; 95% CI 1.27–9.37; p = 0.015) and multivariate analysis (HR = 3.33; 1.18–10.07; p = 0.023). Pre-treatment bicarbonate predicts for primary tumor control in NSCLC treated with SBRT and may be useful for risk stratification. These findings should be confirmed prospectively.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>31176206</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.radonc.2019.05.014</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3977-7867</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1020-0845</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Bicarbonate
Bicarbonates - blood
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - blood
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - radiotherapy
Female
Humans
Lung Neoplasms - blood
Lung Neoplasms - mortality
Lung Neoplasms - radiotherapy
Male
Middle Aged
Non-small cell lung cancer
Primary tumor recurrence
Radiosurgery
Stereotactic body radiation therapy
Tumor Microenvironment
title Pre-treatment serum bicarbonate predicts for primary tumor control after stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer
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