Neuro-Ophthalmologic Response to Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts: A Randomized Clinical Trial
IMPORTANCE: Subconcussive head impacts have emerged as a complex public health concern. The oculomotor system is sensitive to brain trauma; however, neuro-ophthalmologic response to subconcussive head impacts remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether subconcussive head impacts cause impairments...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Archives of ophthalmology (1960) 2020-04, Vol.138 (4), p.350-357 |
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| creator | Nowak, Madeleine K Bevilacqua, Zachary W Ejima, Keisuke Huibregtse, Megan E Chen, Zhongxue Mickleborough, Timothy D Newman, Sharlene D Kawata, Keisuke |
| description | IMPORTANCE: Subconcussive head impacts have emerged as a complex public health concern. The oculomotor system is sensitive to brain trauma; however, neuro-ophthalmologic response to subconcussive head impacts remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether subconcussive head impacts cause impairments in neuro-ophthalmologic function as measured by the King-Devick test (KDT) and oculomotor function as measured by the near point of convergence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this randomized clinical trial, adult soccer players were randomized into either a heading group or kicking (control) group. The heading group executed 10 headers with soccer balls projected at a speed of 25 mph. The kicking-control group followed the same protocol but with 10 kicks. Peak linear and rotational head accelerations were assessed with a triaxial accelerometer. The KDT speed and error and near point of convergence were assessed at baseline (preheading or prekicking) and at 0, 2, and 24 hours after heading or kicking. EXPOSURES: Ten soccer-ball headings or kicks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the group-by-time interaction of KDT speed at 0 hours after heading or kicking. The secondary outcomes included KDT speed at 2 hours and 24 hours after heading or kicking, KDT error, and near point of convergence. RESULTS: A total of 78 individuals enrolled (heading group, n = 40; kicking-control group, n = 38). Eleven individuals (heading group: 4 women; mean [SD] age, 22.5 [1.0] years; kicking-control group, 3 women and 4 men; mean [SD] age, 20.9 [1.1] years) voluntarily withdrew from the study. Data from 67 participants with a mean (SD) age of 20.6 (1.7) years were eligible for analysis (heading, n = 36; kicking-control, n = 31). Mean (SD) peak linear accelerations and peak rotational accelerations per impact for the heading group were 33.2 (6.8) g and 3.6 (1.4) krad/s2, respectively. Conversely, soccer kicking did not induce a detectable level of head acceleration. Both groups showed improvements in KDT speed (heading group: 0 hours, −1.2 [95% CI, −2.2 to −0.1] seconds; P = .03; 2 hours, −1.3 [95% CI, −2.6 to 0] seconds; P = .05; 24 hours, −3.2 [95% CI, −4.3 to −2.2] seconds; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.6128 |
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The oculomotor system is sensitive to brain trauma; however, neuro-ophthalmologic response to subconcussive head impacts remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether subconcussive head impacts cause impairments in neuro-ophthalmologic function as measured by the King-Devick test (KDT) and oculomotor function as measured by the near point of convergence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this randomized clinical trial, adult soccer players were randomized into either a heading group or kicking (control) group. The heading group executed 10 headers with soccer balls projected at a speed of 25 mph. The kicking-control group followed the same protocol but with 10 kicks. Peak linear and rotational head accelerations were assessed with a triaxial accelerometer. The KDT speed and error and near point of convergence were assessed at baseline (preheading or prekicking) and at 0, 2, and 24 hours after heading or kicking. EXPOSURES: Ten soccer-ball headings or kicks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the group-by-time interaction of KDT speed at 0 hours after heading or kicking. The secondary outcomes included KDT speed at 2 hours and 24 hours after heading or kicking, KDT error, and near point of convergence. RESULTS: A total of 78 individuals enrolled (heading group, n = 40; kicking-control group, n = 38). Eleven individuals (heading group: 4 women; mean [SD] age, 22.5 [1.0] years; kicking-control group, 3 women and 4 men; mean [SD] age, 20.9 [1.1] years) voluntarily withdrew from the study. Data from 67 participants with a mean (SD) age of 20.6 (1.7) years were eligible for analysis (heading, n = 36; kicking-control, n = 31). Mean (SD) peak linear accelerations and peak rotational accelerations per impact for the heading group were 33.2 (6.8) g and 3.6 (1.4) krad/s2, respectively. Conversely, soccer kicking did not induce a detectable level of head acceleration. Both groups showed improvements in KDT speed (heading group: 0 hours, −1.2 [95% CI, −2.2 to −0.1] seconds; P = .03; 2 hours, −1.3 [95% CI, −2.6 to 0] seconds; P = .05; 24 hours, −3.2 [95% CI, −4.3 to −2.2] seconds; P < .001; kicking-control group: 0 hours, −3.3 [95% CI, −4.1 to −2.5] seconds; P < .001; 2 hours, −4.1 [95% CI, −5.1 to −3.1] seconds; P < .001; 24 hours, −5.2 [95% CI, −6.2 to −4.2] seconds; P < .001). Group differences occurred at all postintervention points; the kicking-control group performed KDT faster at 0 hours (−2.2 [95% CI, −0.8 to −3.5] seconds; P = .001), 2 hours (−2.8 [95% CI, −1.2 to −4.4] seconds; P < .001), and 24 hours after the intervention (−2.0 [95% CI, −0.5 to −3.4] seconds; P = .007) compared with those of the heading group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These data support the hypothesis that neuro-ophthalmologic function is affected, at least in the short term, by subconcussive head impacts that may affect some individuals in some contact sports. Further studies may help determine if these measures can be a useful clinical tool in detecting acute subconcussive injury. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03488381</description><identifier>ISSN: 2168-6165</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-6173</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.6128</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32053162</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Medical Association</publisher><subject>Acceleration ; Age ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries - etiology ; Athletic Injuries - physiopathology ; Brain Concussion - etiology ; Brain Concussion - physiopathology ; Clinical trials ; Comments ; Convergence ; Convergence, Ocular ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders - etiology ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders - physiopathology ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Ocular Motility Disorders - physiopathology ; Oculomotor system ; Online First ; Original Investigation ; Prospective Studies ; Public health ; Soccer ; Soccer - injuries ; Telemetry ; Traumatic brain injury ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Archives of ophthalmology (1960), 2020-04, Vol.138 (4), p.350-357</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Medical Association Apr 2020</rights><rights>Copyright 2020 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a362t-8536fc0b89464d421af223a6e561a469abe71a5602757f5a47b095519183bc013</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/articlepdf/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.6128$$EPDF$$P50$$Gama$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.6128$$EHTML$$P50$$Gama$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>64,230,314,780,784,885,3340,27924,27925,76489,76492</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32053162$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nowak, Madeleine K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bevilacqua, Zachary W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ejima, Keisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huibregtse, Megan E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zhongxue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mickleborough, Timothy D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newman, Sharlene D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawata, Keisuke</creatorcontrib><title>Neuro-Ophthalmologic Response to Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts: A Randomized Clinical Trial</title><title>Archives of ophthalmology (1960)</title><addtitle>JAMA Ophthalmol</addtitle><description>IMPORTANCE: Subconcussive head impacts have emerged as a complex public health concern. The oculomotor system is sensitive to brain trauma; however, neuro-ophthalmologic response to subconcussive head impacts remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether subconcussive head impacts cause impairments in neuro-ophthalmologic function as measured by the King-Devick test (KDT) and oculomotor function as measured by the near point of convergence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this randomized clinical trial, adult soccer players were randomized into either a heading group or kicking (control) group. The heading group executed 10 headers with soccer balls projected at a speed of 25 mph. The kicking-control group followed the same protocol but with 10 kicks. Peak linear and rotational head accelerations were assessed with a triaxial accelerometer. The KDT speed and error and near point of convergence were assessed at baseline (preheading or prekicking) and at 0, 2, and 24 hours after heading or kicking. EXPOSURES: Ten soccer-ball headings or kicks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the group-by-time interaction of KDT speed at 0 hours after heading or kicking. The secondary outcomes included KDT speed at 2 hours and 24 hours after heading or kicking, KDT error, and near point of convergence. RESULTS: A total of 78 individuals enrolled (heading group, n = 40; kicking-control group, n = 38). Eleven individuals (heading group: 4 women; mean [SD] age, 22.5 [1.0] years; kicking-control group, 3 women and 4 men; mean [SD] age, 20.9 [1.1] years) voluntarily withdrew from the study. Data from 67 participants with a mean (SD) age of 20.6 (1.7) years were eligible for analysis (heading, n = 36; kicking-control, n = 31). Mean (SD) peak linear accelerations and peak rotational accelerations per impact for the heading group were 33.2 (6.8) g and 3.6 (1.4) krad/s2, respectively. Conversely, soccer kicking did not induce a detectable level of head acceleration. Both groups showed improvements in KDT speed (heading group: 0 hours, −1.2 [95% CI, −2.2 to −0.1] seconds; P = .03; 2 hours, −1.3 [95% CI, −2.6 to 0] seconds; P = .05; 24 hours, −3.2 [95% CI, −4.3 to −2.2] seconds; P < .001; kicking-control group: 0 hours, −3.3 [95% CI, −4.1 to −2.5] seconds; P < .001; 2 hours, −4.1 [95% CI, −5.1 to −3.1] seconds; P < .001; 24 hours, −5.2 [95% CI, −6.2 to −4.2] seconds; P < .001). Group differences occurred at all postintervention points; the kicking-control group performed KDT faster at 0 hours (−2.2 [95% CI, −0.8 to −3.5] seconds; P = .001), 2 hours (−2.8 [95% CI, −1.2 to −4.4] seconds; P < .001), and 24 hours after the intervention (−2.0 [95% CI, −0.5 to −3.4] seconds; P = .007) compared with those of the heading group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These data support the hypothesis that neuro-ophthalmologic function is affected, at least in the short term, by subconcussive head impacts that may affect some individuals in some contact sports. Further studies may help determine if these measures can be a useful clinical tool in detecting acute subconcussive injury. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03488381</description><subject>Acceleration</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - etiology</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - physiopathology</subject><subject>Brain Concussion - etiology</subject><subject>Brain Concussion - physiopathology</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Comments</subject><subject>Convergence</subject><subject>Convergence, Ocular</subject><subject>Cumulative Trauma Disorders - etiology</subject><subject>Cumulative Trauma Disorders - physiopathology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Head</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Ocular Motility Disorders - physiopathology</subject><subject>Oculomotor system</subject><subject>Online First</subject><subject>Original Investigation</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Soccer</subject><subject>Soccer - injuries</subject><subject>Telemetry</subject><subject>Traumatic brain injury</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>2168-6165</issn><issn>2168-6173</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1r3DAQhkVpaUKaP9BDMfTSi7f6ltVDISxtEwgJ5OMsxrKc1SJbrmUH0l9fmU1Nk7nMiHnmHQ0vQgXBG4Ix-bqHDuKwm3YQuhg2FBO9kYRWb9AxJbIqJVHs7VpLcYROU9rjHBXGnIn36IhRLBiR9BjZKzePsbxe9eKDt8WNS0PskyummOvBTX7yj664nWsbezuntLzOHTTFRTeAndK34qy4gb6Jnf_jmmIbfO8thOJu9BA-oHcthOROn_MJuv_54257Xl5e_7rYnl2WwCSdykow2VpcV5pL3nBKoKWUgXRCEuBSQ-0UASExVUK1AriqsRaCaFKx2mLCTtD3g-4w151rrOunEYIZRt_B-GQiePOy0_udeYiPRmFONaZZ4MuzwBh_zy5NpvPJuhCgd3FOhjLBFdOCL7s-v0L3cR77fF6mKq04VlhnqjpQdowpja5dP0OwWcw0L800i5lmMTOPfvr_mHXwn3UZ-HgAssLapUoSwSr2FxzsqAA</recordid><startdate>20200401</startdate><enddate>20200401</enddate><creator>Nowak, Madeleine K</creator><creator>Bevilacqua, Zachary W</creator><creator>Ejima, Keisuke</creator><creator>Huibregtse, Megan E</creator><creator>Chen, Zhongxue</creator><creator>Mickleborough, Timothy D</creator><creator>Newman, Sharlene D</creator><creator>Kawata, Keisuke</creator><general>American Medical Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200401</creationdate><title>Neuro-Ophthalmologic Response to Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts: A Randomized Clinical Trial</title><author>Nowak, Madeleine K ; Bevilacqua, Zachary W ; Ejima, Keisuke ; Huibregtse, Megan E ; Chen, Zhongxue ; Mickleborough, Timothy D ; Newman, Sharlene D ; Kawata, Keisuke</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a362t-8536fc0b89464d421af223a6e561a469abe71a5602757f5a47b095519183bc013</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Acceleration</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - etiology</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - physiopathology</topic><topic>Brain Concussion - etiology</topic><topic>Brain Concussion - physiopathology</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Comments</topic><topic>Convergence</topic><topic>Convergence, Ocular</topic><topic>Cumulative Trauma Disorders - etiology</topic><topic>Cumulative Trauma Disorders - physiopathology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Head</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Ocular Motility Disorders - physiopathology</topic><topic>Oculomotor system</topic><topic>Online First</topic><topic>Original Investigation</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Soccer</topic><topic>Soccer - injuries</topic><topic>Telemetry</topic><topic>Traumatic brain injury</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nowak, Madeleine K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bevilacqua, Zachary W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ejima, Keisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huibregtse, Megan E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zhongxue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mickleborough, Timothy D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newman, Sharlene D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawata, Keisuke</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Archives of ophthalmology (1960)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nowak, Madeleine K</au><au>Bevilacqua, Zachary W</au><au>Ejima, Keisuke</au><au>Huibregtse, Megan E</au><au>Chen, Zhongxue</au><au>Mickleborough, Timothy D</au><au>Newman, Sharlene D</au><au>Kawata, Keisuke</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Neuro-Ophthalmologic Response to Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts: A Randomized Clinical Trial</atitle><jtitle>Archives of ophthalmology (1960)</jtitle><addtitle>JAMA Ophthalmol</addtitle><date>2020-04-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>138</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>350</spage><epage>357</epage><pages>350-357</pages><issn>2168-6165</issn><eissn>2168-6173</eissn><abstract>IMPORTANCE: Subconcussive head impacts have emerged as a complex public health concern. The oculomotor system is sensitive to brain trauma; however, neuro-ophthalmologic response to subconcussive head impacts remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether subconcussive head impacts cause impairments in neuro-ophthalmologic function as measured by the King-Devick test (KDT) and oculomotor function as measured by the near point of convergence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this randomized clinical trial, adult soccer players were randomized into either a heading group or kicking (control) group. The heading group executed 10 headers with soccer balls projected at a speed of 25 mph. The kicking-control group followed the same protocol but with 10 kicks. Peak linear and rotational head accelerations were assessed with a triaxial accelerometer. The KDT speed and error and near point of convergence were assessed at baseline (preheading or prekicking) and at 0, 2, and 24 hours after heading or kicking. EXPOSURES: Ten soccer-ball headings or kicks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the group-by-time interaction of KDT speed at 0 hours after heading or kicking. The secondary outcomes included KDT speed at 2 hours and 24 hours after heading or kicking, KDT error, and near point of convergence. RESULTS: A total of 78 individuals enrolled (heading group, n = 40; kicking-control group, n = 38). Eleven individuals (heading group: 4 women; mean [SD] age, 22.5 [1.0] years; kicking-control group, 3 women and 4 men; mean [SD] age, 20.9 [1.1] years) voluntarily withdrew from the study. Data from 67 participants with a mean (SD) age of 20.6 (1.7) years were eligible for analysis (heading, n = 36; kicking-control, n = 31). Mean (SD) peak linear accelerations and peak rotational accelerations per impact for the heading group were 33.2 (6.8) g and 3.6 (1.4) krad/s2, respectively. Conversely, soccer kicking did not induce a detectable level of head acceleration. Both groups showed improvements in KDT speed (heading group: 0 hours, −1.2 [95% CI, −2.2 to −0.1] seconds; P = .03; 2 hours, −1.3 [95% CI, −2.6 to 0] seconds; P = .05; 24 hours, −3.2 [95% CI, −4.3 to −2.2] seconds; P < .001; kicking-control group: 0 hours, −3.3 [95% CI, −4.1 to −2.5] seconds; P < .001; 2 hours, −4.1 [95% CI, −5.1 to −3.1] seconds; P < .001; 24 hours, −5.2 [95% CI, −6.2 to −4.2] seconds; P < .001). Group differences occurred at all postintervention points; the kicking-control group performed KDT faster at 0 hours (−2.2 [95% CI, −0.8 to −3.5] seconds; P = .001), 2 hours (−2.8 [95% CI, −1.2 to −4.4] seconds; P < .001), and 24 hours after the intervention (−2.0 [95% CI, −0.5 to −3.4] seconds; P = .007) compared with those of the heading group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These data support the hypothesis that neuro-ophthalmologic function is affected, at least in the short term, by subconcussive head impacts that may affect some individuals in some contact sports. Further studies may help determine if these measures can be a useful clinical tool in detecting acute subconcussive injury. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03488381</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Medical Association</pub><pmid>32053162</pmid><doi>10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.6128</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Archives of ophthalmology (1960), 2020-04, Vol.138 (4), p.350-357 |
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| subjects | Acceleration Age Athletes Athletic Injuries - etiology Athletic Injuries - physiopathology Brain Concussion - etiology Brain Concussion - physiopathology Clinical trials Comments Convergence Convergence, Ocular Cumulative Trauma Disorders - etiology Cumulative Trauma Disorders - physiopathology Female Head Humans Male Ocular Motility Disorders - physiopathology Oculomotor system Online First Original Investigation Prospective Studies Public health Soccer Soccer - injuries Telemetry Traumatic brain injury Young Adult |
| title | Neuro-Ophthalmologic Response to Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts: A Randomized Clinical Trial |
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