Modeling of Energy Demand and Savings Associated with the Use of Epoxy-Phase Change Material Formulations
This manuscript integrates the experimental findings of recently developed epoxy-phase change material (PCM) formulations with modeling efforts aimed to determine the energy demands and savings derived from their use. The basic PCM system employed was composed of an epoxy resin, a thickening agent,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2020-01, Vol.13 (3), p.639 |
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| creator | Arce, Elena Agrawal, Richa Suárez, Andrés Febrero, Lara Luhrs, Claudia C |
| description | This manuscript integrates the experimental findings of recently developed epoxy-phase change material (PCM) formulations with modeling efforts aimed to determine the energy demands and savings derived from their use. The basic PCM system employed was composed of an epoxy resin, a thickening agent, and nonadecane, where the latter was the hydrocarbon undergoing the phase transformation. Carbon nanofibers (CNF) and boron nitride (BN) particulates were used as heat flow enhancers. The thermal conductivities, densities, and latent heat determined in laboratory settings were introduced in a model that calculated, using EnergyPlus software, the energy demands, savings and temperature profiles of the interior and the walls of a shelter for six different locations on Earth. A shipping container was utilized as exemplary dwelling. Results indicated that all the epoxy-PCM formulations had a positive impact on the total energy savings (between 16% and 23%) for the locations selected. The use of CNF and BN showed an increase in performance when compared with the formulation with no thermal filler additives. The formulations selected showed great potential to reduce the energy demands, increase savings, and result in more adequate temperatures for living and storage spaces applications. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma13030639 |
| format | Article |
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The basic PCM system employed was composed of an epoxy resin, a thickening agent, and nonadecane, where the latter was the hydrocarbon undergoing the phase transformation. Carbon nanofibers (CNF) and boron nitride (BN) particulates were used as heat flow enhancers. The thermal conductivities, densities, and latent heat determined in laboratory settings were introduced in a model that calculated, using EnergyPlus software, the energy demands, savings and temperature profiles of the interior and the walls of a shelter for six different locations on Earth. A shipping container was utilized as exemplary dwelling. Results indicated that all the epoxy-PCM formulations had a positive impact on the total energy savings (between 16% and 23%) for the locations selected. The use of CNF and BN showed an increase in performance when compared with the formulation with no thermal filler additives. The formulations selected showed great potential to reduce the energy demands, increase savings, and result in more adequate temperatures for living and storage spaces applications.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma13030639</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32023972</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Additives ; Boron ; Boron nitride ; Carbon fibers ; Conductivity ; Cooling ; Cost control ; Energy efficiency ; Epoxy resins ; Formulations ; Heat conductivity ; Heat transmission ; Latent heat ; Modelling ; Nanofibers ; Particulates ; Phase change materials ; Phase transitions ; Simulation ; Software ; Temperature profiles ; Thermal energy ; Thickening agents</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2020-01, Vol.13 (3), p.639</ispartof><rights>2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The formulations selected showed great potential to reduce the energy demands, increase savings, and result in more adequate temperatures for living and storage spaces applications.</description><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Boron</subject><subject>Boron nitride</subject><subject>Carbon fibers</subject><subject>Conductivity</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Cost control</subject><subject>Energy efficiency</subject><subject>Epoxy resins</subject><subject>Formulations</subject><subject>Heat conductivity</subject><subject>Heat transmission</subject><subject>Latent heat</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Nanofibers</subject><subject>Particulates</subject><subject>Phase change materials</subject><subject>Phase transitions</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Temperature profiles</subject><subject>Thermal energy</subject><subject>Thickening agents</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkV1rFTEQhoNYbKm98QdIwBsRVvO12eRGKMe2Ci0K2uswm2TPpuwmx2S3ev5997S1th0IM2GeeTPhRegNJR851-TTCJQTTiTXL9AB1VpWVAvx8lG9j45KuSJLcE4V06_QPmeEcd2wAxQukvNDiGucOnwSfV5v8Rc_QnR4d37C9dIr-LiUZANM3uE_Yerx1Ht8Wfzt0Cb93VY_eliuqx7i2uOLBcwBBnya8jgPMIUUy2u018FQ_NF9PkSXpye_Vl-r8-9n31bH55UVRE4VpdR2yhHqQLesbbhjFFzDOg61aCyR0NZWtJZJLqFjVnfcdUppzZRqgTX8EH2-093M7eid9XHKMJhNDiPkrUkQzNNODL1Zp2vTEEG5VIvA-3uBnH7PvkxmDMX6YYDo01wM4zUjQgm5e-vdM_QqzTku3zOsFkpJput6oT7cUTanUrLvHpahxOxMNP9NXOC3j9d_QP9Zxm8AVCOXkA</recordid><startdate>20200131</startdate><enddate>20200131</enddate><creator>Arce, Elena</creator><creator>Agrawal, Richa</creator><creator>Suárez, Andrés</creator><creator>Febrero, Lara</creator><creator>Luhrs, Claudia C</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-7827</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6471-0261</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8374-8967</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-2593</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200131</creationdate><title>Modeling of Energy Demand and Savings Associated with the Use of Epoxy-Phase Change Material Formulations</title><author>Arce, Elena ; 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| source | PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Additives Boron Boron nitride Carbon fibers Conductivity Cooling Cost control Energy efficiency Epoxy resins Formulations Heat conductivity Heat transmission Latent heat Modelling Nanofibers Particulates Phase change materials Phase transitions Simulation Software Temperature profiles Thermal energy Thickening agents |
| title | Modeling of Energy Demand and Savings Associated with the Use of Epoxy-Phase Change Material Formulations |
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